scholarly journals Projection of irrigation water demand based on the simulation of synthetic crop coefficients and climate change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Le Page ◽  
Younes Fakir ◽  
Lionel Jarlan ◽  
Aaron Boone ◽  
Brahim Berjamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
Flexible System ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand ◽  
Crop Coefficients

Abstract. In a context of major changes (climate, demography, economy, etc.), the Southern Mediterranean area faces serious challenges with intrinsically low, irregular and continuously decreasing water resources. In some regions, the proper dynamic of irrigated areas is very important so that it is needed to include it in future scenarios. A method for estimating the future evolution of irrigation water requirements is proposed and tested in the Tensift watershed, Morocco. Monthly synthetic crop coefficients (Kc) of the different irrigated areas were obtained from a time series of remote sensing observations. An empirical model using the synthetic Kc and rainfall was developed and fitted to the actual data. The model appears to be reliable with an average r2 of 0.69 for the observation period (2000–2016). The sub sampling tests suggested that a loss of performance (r2 = 0.45) is to be expected for two time periods after the observations (2050). This flexible system of equations has been used to reinterpret a local water management plan and to incorporate two downscaled climate change scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The examination of irrigation water requirements until 2050 revealed that the difference between the two climate scenarios was very small (

scholarly journals Projection of irrigation water demand based on the simulation of synthetic crop coefficients and climate change

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 637-651
Author(s):  
Michel Le Page ◽  
Younes Fakir ◽  
Lionel Jarlan ◽  
Aaron Boone ◽  
Brahim Berjamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
Crop Coefficients ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In the context of major changes (climate, demography, economy, etc.), the southern Mediterranean area faces serious challenges with intrinsically low, irregular, and continuously decreasing water resources. In some regions, the proper growth both in terms of cropping density and surface area of irrigated areas is so significant that it needs to be included in future scenarios. A method for estimating the future evolution of irrigation water requirements is proposed and tested in the Tensift watershed, Morocco. Monthly synthetic crop coefficients (Kc) of the different irrigated areas were obtained from a time series of remote sensing observations. An empirical model using the synthetic Kc and rainfall was developed and fitted to the actual data for each of the different irrigated areas within the study area. The model consists of a system of equations that takes into account the monthly trend of Kc, the impact of yearly rainfall, and the saturation of Kc due to the presence of tree crops. The impact of precipitation change is included in the Kc estimate and the water budget. The anthropogenic impact is included in the equations for Kc. The impact of temperature change is only included in the reference evapotranspiration, with no impact on the Kc cycle. The model appears to be reliable with an average r2 of 0.69 for the observation period (2000–2016). However, different subsampling tests of the number of calibration years showed that the performance is degraded when the size of the training dataset is reduced. When subsampling the training dataset to one-third of the 16 available years, r2 was reduced to 0.45. This score has been interpreted as the level of reliability that could be expected for two time periods after the full training years (thus near to 2050). The model has been used to reinterpret a local water management plan and to incorporate two downscaled climate change scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The examination of irrigation water requirements until 2050 revealed that the difference between the two climate scenarios was very small (< 2 %), while the two agricultural scenarios were strongly contrasted both spatially and in terms of their impact on water resources. The approach is generic and can be refined by incorporating irrigation efficiencies.

Building quantitative scenarios of irrigation under climatic and anthropogenic changes in the mediterranean area: application to Morocco

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fakir Younes ◽  
Le Page Michel ◽  
Jarlan Lionel ◽  
Boone Aaron ◽  
Berjamy Brahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand ◽  
Southern Mediterranean

&lt;p&gt;In a context of major changes (climate, demography, economy, etc.), the Southern Mediterranean area faces serious challenges with intrinsically low, irregular and continuously decreasing water resources. A method for translating a narrative scenario of irrigation water requirements into a quantitative scenario is presented. At first, we propose to describe the Irrigation Water Requirements (IWR) of any area by a single equation. IWR depends on climate (ET0, Rainfall), crop development estimated from remote sensing time series (crop coefficient/NDVI relationships), and four efficiencies parameters. In a second part, a reference model of the crop coefficient monthly cycle ( ) is proposed by empirically relating to rainfall and NDVI. Three variations of the model are compared in order to make a projection until 2050 based on downscaled climate change scenarios. The reliability of the model depends on the representativeness of the calibration period: It is considered to be high at the beginning of the simulation (RMSE below 0.1), but it deteriorates as the calibrating period gets shorter compared to the objective period: r&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;= 0.5, RMSE = [0.1-0.14], stderr = [0.02-0.03] by 2050. An alternative scenario is built upon the reference by interpreting the narrative as bending points. Finally, the examination of irrigation water demand until 2050 suggests that the difference between the two climate scenarios is very small (&lt;2%), while the two proposed agricultural scenarios are strongly contrasted both spatially and in their impact on water resources.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Irrigation water requirements for seed corn and coffee under potential climate change scenarios

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Fares ◽  
Ripendra Awal ◽  
Samira Fares ◽  
Alton B. Johnson ◽  
Hector Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Deep Percolation ◽  
Canopy Interception ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Seed Corn ◽  
The Impact

The impact of potential future climate change scenarios on the irrigation water requirements (IRRs) of two major agricultural crops (coffee and seed corn) in Hawai'i was studied using the Irrigation Management System (IManSys) model. In addition to IRRs calculations, IManSys calculates runoff, deep percolation, canopy interception, and effective rainfall based on plant growth parameters, site specific soil hydrological properties, irrigation system efficiency, and long-term daily weather data. Irrigation water requirements of two crops were simulated using historical climate data and different levels of atmospheric CO2 (330, 550, 710 and 970 ppm), temperature (+1.1 and +6.4 °C) and precipitation (±5, ±10 and ±20%) chosen based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) AR4 projections under reference, B1, A1B1 and A1F1 emission scenarios. IRRs decreased as CO2 emission increased. The average percentage decrease in IRRs for seed corn is higher than that of coffee. However, runoff, rain canopy interception, and deep percolation below the root zone increased as precipitation increased. Canopy interception and drainage increased with increased CO2 emission. Evapotranspiration responded positively to air temperature rise, and as a result, IRRs increased as well. Further studies using crop models will predict crop yield responses to these different irrigation scenarios.

scholarly journals Applying the FAO-56 Dual Kc Method for Irrigation Water Requirements over Large Areas of the Western U.S.

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2059-2081
Author(s):  
Richard G. Allen ◽  
Clarence W. Robison ◽  
Justin Huntington ◽  
James L. Wright ◽  
Ayse Kilic
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Crop Coefficients ◽  
Agricultural Areas

HighlightsThe FAO-56 dual crop coefficient procedure was applied over the entire agricultural areas of Idaho and Nevada to determine evapotranspiration (ET) and net irrigation water requirements (IWR).Basal crop coefficients were expressed as functions of normalized cumulative growing degree days.ET during dormant seasons was included in the estimates.The procedure was applied to a U.S. West-wide study of climate change effects on ET and IWR.Abstract. The FAO-56 dual crop coefficient procedure was used to determine evapotranspiration (ET) and net irrigation water requirements for all agricultural areas of the states of Idaho and Nevada and in a western U.S. study on effects of climate change on future irrigation water requirements. The products of the applications are for use by state governments for water rights management, irrigation system planning and design, wastewater application system design and review, hydrologic water balances, and groundwater modeling. The products have been used by the U.S. federal government for assessing impacts of current and future climate change on irrigation water demands. The procedure was applied to data from more than 200 weather station locations across the state of Idaho, 200 weather station locations across the state of Nevada, and eight major river basins in the western U.S. for available periods of weather records. Estimates were made over daily, monthly, and annual time intervals. Methods from FAO-56 were employed for calculating reference ET and crop coefficients (Kc), with ET calculations performed for all times of the calendar year including winter. Expressing Kc as a function of thermal-time units allowed application across a wide range of local climates and elevations. The ET estimates covered a wide range of agricultural crops grown in the western U.S. plus a number of native plant systems, including wetlands, rangeland, and riparian trees. Evaporation was estimated for three types of open-water surfaces ranging from deep reservoirs to small farm ponds. Keywords: Consumptive use, Dual crop coefficient, Evapotranspiration, FAO-56, Irrigation water requirements.

Modeling the impacts of increase in temperature on irrigation water requirements in Palakkad district: a case study in humid tropical Kerala

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Surendran ◽  
C. M. Sushanth ◽  
George Mammen ◽  
E. J. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand

Rise in temperature is one of the predicted impacts of climate change with significant implications on water resources management. An attempt has been made to calculate the water requirement of crops in different agro-ecological zones of Palakkad district in humid tropical Kerala using the CROPWAT 8.0 model. Sensitivity analysis was done for a simulated rise in temperature from 0.5 to 3.0 °C keeping other parameters the same. The analysis showed that the total crop water requirement of all the major crops, like coconut, paddy and banana, increased with rising temperature thereby increasing the simulated irrigation water demand. The gross water demand inclusive of irrigation, domestic and industries will be 1,496 Mm3. The simulated gross water demand for an increase in temperature of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 °C will be 1,523, 1,791, 1,822 and 1,853 Mm3, respectively. The maximum utilizable water resource available in the district is only 1,579 Mm3 and better water management, focusing particularly on improving the irrigation efficiency, has to be adopted to cater for the demands of the user sectors under changing climate scenario. A wide spectrum of climate change scenarios is also discussed in the paper along with guidelines for the future management of water resources.

scholarly journals Assessing effects of climate change on irrigation water demand in the Lombok River Basin, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 930 (1) ◽  
pp. 012061
Author(s):  
A W W Saputra ◽  
N A Zakaria ◽  
N W Chan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Irrigation Efficiency ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Irrigation water demand in the command area is affected by rainfall and climate conditions in the river basin. In climate change conditions, rainfall and temperature are predicted to increase and projected to impact irrigation water requirements significantly. Therefore, understanding the climate change effects on irrigation demand in the command area is significant to the river basin manager and planner for managing water resources effectively. This study aims to predict the impact of climate change and irrigation efficiency improvement on the irrigation water requirement in 2032-2040. This study used the CropWat model to estimate irrigation water requirements in 1995-2005 and 2032-2040. Irrigation water demand in the Dodokan watershed as a part of the Lombok river basin was computed using the historical rainfall and climate data from observation stations. Further, the observed data from 2006 to 2014 were projected into climate change in 2032-2040 as an input for the model to predict the demand in corresponding years. Result suggests that the change of annual irrigation water demand in the Dodokan watershed was expected to rise by 1.61% in 2032-2040 compared with 1995-2005, and irrigation efficiency improvement effort would decrease the demand -18.18% in the climate change period.

scholarly journals The Water Needs of Grapevines in Central Poland

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Barbara Jagosz ◽  
Stanisław Rolbiecki ◽  
Roman Rolbiecki ◽  
Ariel Łangowski ◽  
Hicran A. Sadan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Time Trend ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Crop Coefficients ◽  
Near Future

Climate warming increases the water needs of plants. The aim of this study was to estimate the water needs of grapevines in central Poland. Water needs were calculated using the crop coefficients method. Reference evapotranspiration was assessed by the Blaney–Criddle’s equation, modified for climate conditions in Poland. Crop coefficients were assumed according to the Doorenbos and Pruitt method. Water needs were calculated using the data from four meteorological stations. Rainfall deficit with the probability occurrence of normal years, medium dry years, and very dry years was determined by the Ostromęcki’s method. Water needs of grapevines during the average growing season were estimated at 438 mm. Upward time trend in the water needs both in the period of May–October and June–August was estimated. Temporal variability in the water needs was significant for all of the provinces. These changes were mainly impacted by a significant increasing tendency in mean air temperature and less by precipitation totals that did not show a clear changing tendency. Due to climate change, vineyards will require irrigation in the near future. The use of resource-efficient irrigation requires a precise estimate of the grapevines’ water needs. The study identified the water requirements for grapevines in central Poland.

Climate change impacts on irrigation water requirements in the Guadalquivir river basin in Spain

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Rodríguez Díaz ◽  
E. K. Weatherhead ◽  
J. W. Knox ◽  
E. Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Guadalquivir River

scholarly journals Mediterranean irrigation under climate change: more efficient irrigation needed to compensate increases in irrigation water requirements

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 8459-8504 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fader ◽  
S. Shi ◽  
W. von Bloh ◽  
A. Bondeau ◽  
W. Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Co2 Fertilization ◽  
Fertilization Effect ◽  
Co2 Fertilization Effect ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Irrigation Requirements

Abstract. Irrigation in the Mediterranean is of vital importance for food security, employment and economic development. This study systematically assesses how climate change and increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations may affect irrigation requirements in the Mediterranean region by 2080–2090. Future demographic change and technological improvements in irrigation systems are accounted for, as is the spread of climate forcing, warming levels and potential realization of the CO2-fertilization effect. Vegetation growth, phenology, agricultural production and irrigation water requirements and withdrawal were simulated with the process-based ecohydrological and agro-ecosystem model LPJmL after a large development that comprised the improved representation of Mediterranean crops. At present the Mediterranean region could save 35 % of water by implementing more efficient irrigation and conveyance systems. Some countries like Syria, Egypt and Turkey have higher saving potentials than others. Currently some crops, especially sugar cane and agricultural trees, consume in average more irrigation water per hectare than annual crops. Different crops show different magnitude of changes in net irrigation requirements due to climate change, being the increases most pronounced in agricultural trees. The Mediterranean area as a whole might face an increase in gross irrigation requirements between 4 and 18 % from climate change alone if irrigation systems and conveyance are not improved (2 °C global warming combined with full CO2-fertilization effect, and 5 °C global warming combined with no CO2-fertilization effect, respectively). Population growth increases these numbers to 22 and 74 %, respectively, affecting mainly the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean. However, improved irrigation technologies and conveyance systems have large water saving potentials, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean, and may be able to compensate to some degree the increases due to climate change and population growth. Both subregions would need around 35 % more water than today if they could afford some degree of modernization of irrigation and conveyance systems and benefit from the CO2-fertilization effect. Nevertheless, water scarcity might pose further challenges to the agricultural sector: Algeria, Libya, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Serbia, Morocco, Tunisia and Spain have a high risk of not being able to sustainably meet future irrigation water requirements in some scenarios. The results presented in this study point to the necessity of performing further research on climate-friendly agro-ecosystems in order to assess, on the one side, their degree of resilience to climate shocks, and on the other side, their adaptation potential when confronted with higher temperatures and changes in water availability.

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