scholarly journals A conceptual framework for including irrigation supply chains in the water footprint concept: gross and net blue and green water footprints in agriculture in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Wahab Siyal ◽  
Winnie Gerbens-Leenes ◽  
Maite Aldaya ◽  
Rozina Naz
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Irrigation Supply

Abstract. The water footprint (WF) concept is a generally accepted tool introduced in 2002. Many studies applied water footprinting, indicating impacts of human consumption on freshwater, especially from agriculture. Although the WF includes supply chains, presently it excludes irrigation supply chains and non-beneficial evapotranspiration, and calculations for agriculture start from crop water requirements. We present a conceptual framework distinguishing between traditional (net) WFs and proposed gross WFs, defined as the sum of net WFs and irrigation supply chain related blue WFs and as the sum of green WFs and green WFs of weeds. Many water management studies focused on blue water supply efficiency, assessing water losses in supply chain links. The WF concept, however, excludes water flows to stocks where water remains available and recoverable, e.g. to usable groundwater, in contrast to many water management approaches. Also, many studies focused on irrigation technology improvement to save water. We argue that not only irrigation technology should be considered, but whole water supply chains, also distinguishing between surface and groundwater, to improve efficient blue water use in agriculture. This framework is applied to the Pakistani part of the Indus basin that includes the largest man-made irrigation network in the world. The gross blue WF is 1.6 times the net blue WF leading to a K value (ratio of gross and net blue WF) of 0.6. Surface water losses vary between 45 and 49 %, groundwater losses between 18 and 21 %. Presently, efficient irrigation receives much attention. However, it is important to take irrigation supply chains into account to improve irrigation efficiency. Earlier WF studies showing water scarcity in many regions underestimate agricultural water consumption if supply chains are neglected. More water efficient agriculture should take supply chain losses into account probably requiring water management adaptations, which is more a policy than an agriculture task.

Water Footprint

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maite M. Aldaya ◽  
M. Ramón Llamas ◽  
Arjen Y. Hoekstra
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Blue Water

This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science. Please check back later for the full article. The water footprint concept broadens the scope of traditional national and corporate water accounting as it has been previously known. It highlights the ways in which water consuming and polluting activities relate to the structure of the global economy, opening a window of opportunity to increase transparency and improve water management along whole-production and supply chains. This concept adds a new dimension to integrated water resources management in a globalized world. The water footprint is a relatively recent indicator. Created in 2002, it aims to quantify the effect of consumption and trade on the use of water resources. Specifically, the water footprint is an indicator of freshwater use that considers both direct and indirect water use of a consumer or producer. For instance, the water footprint of a product refers to the volume of freshwater used to produce the product, tracing the origin of raw material and ingredients along their respective supply chains. This novel indirect component of water use in supply chains is, in many cases, the greatest share of water use, for example, in the food and beverage sector and the apparel industry. Water footprint assessment shows the full water balance, with water consumption and pollution components specified geographically and temporally and with water consumption specified by type of source (e.g., rainwater, groundwater, or surface water). It introduces three components: 1. The blue water footprint refers to the consumption of blue water resources (i.e., surface and groundwater including natural freshwater lakes, manmade reservoirs, rivers, and aquifers) along the supply chain of a product, versus the traditional and restricted water withdrawal measure. 2. The green water footprint refers to consumption through transpiration or evaporation of green water resources (i.e., soilwater originating from rainwater). Green water maintains natural vegetation (e.g., forests, meadows, scrubland, tundra) and rain-fed agriculture, yet plays an important role in most irrigated agriculture as well. Importantly, this kind of water is not quantified in most traditional agricultural water use analyses. 3. The grey water footprint refers to pollution and is defined as the volume of freshwater that is required to assimilate the load of pollutants given natural concentrations for naturally occurring substances and existing ambient water-quality standards. The water footprint concept has been incorporated into public policies and international standards. In 2011, the Water Footprint Network adopted the Water Footprint Assessment Manual, which provides a standardized method and guidelines. In 2014, the International Organization for Standardization adopted a life cycle-based ISO 14046 standard for the water footprint; it offers guidelines to integrate water footprint analysis in life-cycle assessment for products. In practice, water footprint assessment generally results in increased awareness of critical elements in a supply chain, such as hotspots that deserve most attention, and what can be done to improve water management in those hotspots. Water footprint assessment, including the estimation of virtual water trade, applied in different countries and contexts, is producing new data and bringing larger perspectives that, in many cases, lead to a better understanding of the drivers behind water scarcity.

scholarly journals Multi-stakeholder initiatives in sustainable supply chains: Putting sustainability performance in context

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory Searcy
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chain ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chains ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms ◽  
Multi Stakeholder

The purpose of this article is to explore the role of multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs) in sustainable supply chains. I argue that MSIs are needed to help establish and institutionalize the natural and social thresholds in which a sustainable supply chain must operate. While a multitude of MSIs relevant to supply chains already exist, they do not yet adequately address sustainability thresholds. Building on theory and literature, I elaborate on four interrelated roles for MSIs in this area: (1) providing learning platforms, (2) developing standards, (3) developing enforcement mechanisms, and (4) issuing labels and certifications. All four roles emphasize the need for supply chains to operate within the thresholds set by nature and society. Staying within thresholds is what distinguishes between sustainable and unsustainable supply chains. The four roles form part of a broader conceptual framework outlining a way forward for MSIs in sustainable supply chains. Different MSIs could address one or more of these roles. I argue that all MSIs must be developed with special attention to their input and output legitimacy. Stakeholders from both within and beyond the supply chain must be involved in developing and implementing a MSI for it to be viewed as legitimate. I note that the conceptual framework presented here is a starting point. It would benefit from further testing and refinement. For example, future work could add further specificity to the four roles I discuss. Future research could also focus on integrating economic thresholds for sustainable supply chains into the framework.

scholarly journals The Perspectives of Port Integration into the Global Supply Chains – The Case of North Adriatic Ports

Pomorstvo ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Alen Host ◽  
Helga Pavlić Skender ◽  
Petra Adelajda Mirković
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Business Cycle ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Global Supply Chains ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Port Competitiveness ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
Patterns And Processes

Globalization, offshoring and the notable growth of containerization have changed the maritime transport and logistics chains. Ports became integral part of complex supply chains and serve as a logistics centres, add value, link flows and influence the supply chain patterns and processes. The port competitiveness is determined by its in-house strengths such as efficient freight handling and hinterland connections and by its position and links in the global supply chains. The aim of this paper is to investigate the importance of port integration in the supply chains overall and to analyse how North Adriatic Ports are integrated into the supply chains. The analysis is based on the sample of 939 firms aggregated by ports regions and classes level within Section H (Nace Rev.2). The assumption is that if the business cycle of all firms (classes) included in the port supply chain is correlated, it can indicate that the port is integrated in the supply chain. The results of our analysis are ambiguous, where the correlation is rather negative than positive. This paper provides the conceptual framework and outline the significance of this investigation for port operators, shipping lines, forwarders and other stakeholders.

Leanness and agility: a comparative theoretical view

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesrine Eltawy ◽  
David Gallear
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Concept Review ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare and distinguish between two salient means for improving the management of, and leveraging the effectiveness of, supply chains. Leanness and agility have been considered recently as prominent and successful means for competing. The paper examines the literature on leanness and agility thinking including their definitions, importance and practices. The paper also highlights the argument surrounding the relationship direction between these two concepts. Design/methodology/approach A systematic comparative review was conducted on the lean literature and agility literature at three levels: manufacturing, organisation and supply chain. The systematic review on the lean concept has been conducted based on articles published over the last two decades. The agility concept review was conducted based on the articles published from its inception in 1991 through early 2016. Findings A conceptual framework is presented following the in-depth review. The conceptual framework sets out the input, operational practice and output elements necessary for both philosophies to take root successfully. A discussion based on the review of the literature on the direction of the relationship between leanness and agility is also presented, and should also be included in any future empirical testing of the conceptual framework. Research limitations/implications The paper is based on a systematic review which extends previous research as it has been conducted in a detailed and clear systematic manner which enables a deep understanding of the similarities and differences between leanness and agility philosophies from an operational perspective: inputs, operational and outcomes elements. Future research is required to empirically test the conceptual relationships. Practical implications Companies are constantly searching for ways to improve their supply chains. This paper seeks to provide a deep understanding for lean and agility philosophies as important means for achieving this goal. This has been conducted by clarifying the differences, similarities and the direction of the relationship that may exist between these two approaches as means for improving a company’s supply chain. Originality/value Based on a systematic review on leanness and agility philosophies, a conceptual framework exploring the differences and similarities between both philosophies from an operational systematic perspective is presented.

Supply chain quality management and organizational performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 232-249
Author(s):  
Matloub Hussain ◽  
Mehmood Khan ◽  
Mian Ajmal ◽  
Bilal Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Service Supply Chains

Purpose Supply chain quality management (SCQM) has gained less attention in the Arab world, and there is a clear dearth in existing research on this topic, particularly in service organizations. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework for investigating the impact of SCQM and associated indicators on organizational performance (OP). Design/methodology/approach Empirical data have been collected through a survey distributed to a sample of major telecom companies in United Arab Emirates (UAE). To test the conceptual framework, structural equation modeling (SEM) has been used to analyze the data collected from 248 respondents of telecom companies. Findings The empirical data showed that SCQM practices are significantly correlated with innovation and operations performance. Statistical analysis through SEM also revealed that customer satisfaction has highest direct impact on OP. Research limitations/implications External factors (government regulations, policies and culture) also affect the SCQM practices. Hence, future work should incorporate these parameters as well. Practical implications This is a contribution to the continuing research into SCQM, giving supply chain managers and designers a practical way for measuring and implementing SCQM practices across service supply chains. Originality/value The contribution of this research, through successive stages of data collection, measurement analysis and refinement, is a set of reliable and valid framework that can be subsequently used in conceptualization and measuring quality of service supply chains.

scholarly journals A Conceptual Framework to Manage Resilience and Increase Sustainability in the Supply Chain

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Zavala-Alcívar ◽  
María-José Verdecho ◽  
Juan-José Alfaro-Saiz
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Resilience Management

The challenges of global economies foster supply chains to have to increase their processes of collaboration and dependence between their nodes, generating an increase in the level of vulnerability to possible impacts and interruptions in their operations that may affect their sustainability. This has developed an emerging area of interest in supply chain management, considering resilience management as a strategic capability of companies, and causing an increase in this area of research. Additionally, supply chains should deal with the three dimensions of sustainability (economic, environmental, and social dimensions) by incorporating the three types of objectives in their strategy. Thus, there is a need to integrate both resilience and sustainability in supply chain management to increase competitiveness. In this paper, a systematic literature review is undertaken to analyze resilience management and its connection to increase supply chain sustainability. In the review, 232 articles published from 2000 to February 2020 in peer-reviewed journals in the Scopus and ScienceDirect databases are analyzed, classified, and synthesized. With the results, this paper develops a conceptual framework that integrates the fundamental elements for analyzing, measuring, and managing resilience to increase sustainability in the supply chain. Finally, conclusions, limitations, and future research lines are exposed.

scholarly journals INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO TEACHING PACKAGING DESIGN USING THE EXAMPLE OF MINERAL WATER SUPPLY CHAINS

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (33) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Katarína Lestyánszka Škůrková ◽  
Peter Bajor ◽  
Sabrina Trafela
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Critical Points ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Approaches To Teaching ◽  
Packaging System ◽  
Packaging Design ◽  
Simple Product

Abstract Designing the packaging of a product has many critical factors. In our paper, we present some of them on the example of a simple product: mineral water. In spite of the fact that today not only products, but also supply chains are competing with each other, designers sometimes pay little attention to considering the packaging system not only from the customer and the producer side, but for warehousing and transportation as well. We cover a lot of “what can go wrong” scenarios on the example of mineral water packaging for the purpose of defining the critical points in the supply chain.

Digital transformations and supply chain management: a Lean Six Sigma perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huay Ling Tay ◽  
Hui Shan Loh
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Lean Six Sigma ◽  
Massive Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Shed Light

Purpose With the advent of technological connectivity and access to massive data, the possibilities of augmenting Lean Six Sigma’s Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (LSS’s DMAIC) problem-solving approach with advanced technologies are enormous. This paper aims to examine digital transformations (DT) of supply chains from a process improvement angle using the LSS DMAIC approach. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a case study approach. Three exemplary case studies were examined to shed light on how LSS can aid in DT to achieve enterprise-wide improvements and enhance value across the supply chains. Findings The paper provides a conceptual framework based on a structured DMAIC problem-solving approach to drive improvements in supply chains. The conceptual framework also provides a systematic approach for big data to be integrated in LSS initiatives to achieve greater supply chain performance. Originality/value This paper extends research in LSS supply chains by providing a guidance through a conceptual framework that integrate DT and LSS supply chains to support successful digital transformation and LSS supply chains.

scholarly journals Blue Water Footprint Management in a UK Poultry Supply Chain under Environmental Regulatory Constraints

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoum Tsolakis ◽  
Jagjit Srai ◽  
Eirini Aivazidou
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Regulatory Constraints

scholarly journals Future Scenario Settings for Supply Chains

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia Sardesai ◽  
Markus Stute ◽  
Rosanna Fornasiero ◽  
Dimitra Kalaitzi ◽  
Ana Cristina Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Future Scenario ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Future

AbstractTrends and future developments make it necessary to discuss the future, but it is their bundling that forms a future scenario. This chapter describes six identified and verified macro-scenarios for future industry specific settings, which are shaped by various socio-economic, political, technological and environmental future developments. The description of each macro-scenario allows conclusions to be drawn on supply chain developments such as circular aspects, trade impacts or necessary supply chain structures. Each future scenario is set in a conceptual framework that provides the context and meaning of possible futures and enables companies to prepare and adjust their strategies accordingly.

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