scholarly journals Technical note: The beneficial role of a natural permeable layer in slope stabilization by drainage trenches

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1669-1676
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Urciuoli ◽  
Luca Comegna ◽  
Marianna Pirone ◽  
Luciano Picarelli
Keyword(s):  
Time Lag ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Slope Stabilization ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Permeable Layer ◽  
Classic Approach ◽  
Time Required

Abstract. Slope stabilization through drainage trenches is a classic approach in geotechnical engineering. Considering the low hydraulic conductivity of the soils in which this measure is usually adopted, a major constraint to the use of trenches is the time required to obtain a significant pore pressure decrease, here called “time lag”. In fact, especially when the slope safety factor is small, the use of drainage trenches may be a risky approach due to the probability that slope deformations will damage the system well before it will become fully operative. However, this paper shows that the presence of persistent permeable natural soil layers can provide a significant benefit by increasing drainage efficiency and reducing time lag. As a matter of fact, any permeable layer that is intercepted by trenches may operate as part of the global hydraulic system, reducing the drainage paths. A simplified approach to designing a drainage system that accounts for the presence of a persistent permeable layer is proposed. This approach, which can exploit solutions available in the literature for parallel drainage trenches, has been validated by numerical analyses.

scholarly journals Technical note: The beneficial role of stratigraphy on slope stabilization by drainage trenches

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Urciuoli ◽  
Luca Comegna ◽  
Marianna Pirone ◽  
Luciano Picarelli
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Slope Stabilization ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Classic Approach ◽  
Time Required

Abstract. Slope stabilization through drainage trenches is a classic approach in geotechnical engineering. Considering the low hydraulic conductivity of the soils in which this measure is usually adopted, a major constraint to the use of trenches is the time required to obtain a significant pore pressure decrease, here called “time lag”. In fact, especially when the slope safety factor is small, the use of drainage trenches may be a chancy approach due to the probability that slope deformations will damage the system well before it will become fully operative. However, this paper shows that the presence of persistent pervious natural soil layers in the slope can provide a significant benefit by increasing drainage efficiency and reducing time lag. As a matter of fact, any pervious layer that is intercepted by trenches may operate as part of the global hydraulic system, reducing the drainage paths. A simplified approach to design a drainage system accounting for the presence of a persistent pervious layer is proposed. This approach, which can exploit solutions available in literature for parallel drainage trenches, has been validated by numerical analyses.

OBOLESCENCE AND THE DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-130
Author(s):  
A.V. GOLUBEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Scientific Hypothesis ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Sociological Studies

The diffusion of innovations is described as a process in a number of scientific papers. At the same time, the causes of this process have not been sufficiently studied. The author’s goal is to consider the main regularities, under which the life cycle of innovations begins, and propose measures to enhance diffusion in modern conditions. As a scientific hypothesis, the author accepts the postulate about the primary role of the obolescence of attracted innovations in this process. The analysis revealed not only the economic proportions that initiate the start of innovation promotion, but also the influence on the diffusion rate of the obsolescence degree of innovations and the market share occupied by the new product. Methodological approaches have been developed to determine economic efficiency depending on the moment of technological change-over, as well as to determine the absolute and relative speed of innovation diffusion. Sociological studies were conducted to determine the state of innovation development and the time lag between obtaining information about an innovation and its practical implementation. The author presents his “Agroopyt” information system developed to disseminate knowledge in the agricultural sphere and ensure technology transfer in agriculture. Digital methods provide for significant accelerateion of the diffusion of innovations and expand its scope.

scholarly journals Towards 6G IoT: Tracing Mobile Sensor Nodes with Deep Learning Clustering in UAV Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3936
Author(s):  
Yannis Spyridis ◽  
Thomas Lagkas ◽  
Panagiotis Sarigiannidis ◽  
Vasileios Argyriou ◽  
Antonios Sarigiannidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Heuristic Method ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Convolutional Network ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indicator ◽  
Anchor Nodes ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Rf Signal ◽  
Deep Learning Model

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the role of flying anchor nodes have been proposed to assist the localisation of terrestrial Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and provide relay services in the context of the upcoming 6G networks. This paper considered the objective of tracing a mobile IoT device of unknown location, using a group of UAVs that were equipped with received signal strength indicator (RSSI) sensors. The UAVs employed measurements of the target’s radio frequency (RF) signal power to approach the target as quickly as possible. A deep learning model performed clustering in the UAV network at regular intervals, based on a graph convolutional network (GCN) architecture, which utilised information about the RSSI and the UAV positions. The number of clusters was determined dynamically at each instant using a heuristic method, and the partitions were determined by optimising an RSSI loss function. The proposed algorithm retained the clusters that approached the RF source more effectively, removing the rest of the UAVs, which returned to the base. Simulation experiments demonstrated the improvement of this method compared to a previous deterministic approach, in terms of the time required to reach the target and the total distance covered by the UAVs.

scholarly journals Control of Discrete Event Systems by Means of Discrete Optimization and Disjunctive Colored PNs: Application to Manufacturing Facilities

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan-Ignacio Latorre-Biel ◽  
Emilio Jiménez-Macías ◽  
Mercedes Pérez de la Parte ◽  
Julio Blanco-Fernández ◽  
Eduardo Martínez-Cámara
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Event ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Discrete Systems ◽  
Discrete Control ◽  
Classic Approach ◽  
Event Dynamic ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Computational Resources ◽  
Control Methodology

Artificial intelligence methodologies, as the core of discrete control and decision support systems, have been extensively applied in the industrial production sector. The resulting tools produce excellent results in certain cases; however, the NP-hard nature of many discrete control or decision making problems in the manufacturing area may require unaffordable computational resources, constrained by the limited available time required to obtain a solution. With the purpose of improving the efficiency of a control methodology for discrete systems, based on a simulation-based optimization and the Petri net (PN) model of the real discrete event dynamic system (DEDS), this paper presents a strategy, where a transformation applied to the model allows removing the redundant information to obtain a smaller model containing the same useful information. As a result, faster discrete optimizations can be implemented. This methodology is based on the use of a formalism belonging to the paradigm of the PN for describing DEDS, the disjunctive colored PN. Furthermore, the metaheuristic of genetic algorithms is applied to the search of the best solutions in the solution space. As an illustration of the methodology proposal, its performance is compared with the classic approach on a case study, obtaining faster the optimal solution.

A Simplified Approach to the External Lateral Nasal Osteotomy: A Technical Note

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 1435-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payam Varedi ◽  
Gholamreza Shirani ◽  
Behnam Bohluli ◽  
Rozina Besharati ◽  
Seied Omid Keyhan
Keyword(s):  
Technical Note ◽  
Simplified Approach

scholarly journals Monitoring studies should consider temporal variability to reveal relations between cyanobacterial abundance and environmental variables

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 1717-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIANA WOJCIECHOWSKI ◽  
ANDRÉ A. PADIAL
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Cyanobacteria Blooms ◽  
Environment Variables ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
The Relationship

One of the main goals of monitoring cyanobacteria blooms in aquatic environments is to reveal the relationship between cyanobacterial abundance and environmental variables. Studies typically correlate data that were simultaneously sampled. However, samplings occur sparsely over time and may not reveal the short-term responses of cyanobacterial abundance to environmental changes. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that stronger cyanobacteria x environment relationships in monitoring are found when the temporal variability of sampling points is incorporated in the statistical analyses. To this end, we investigated relationships between cyanobacteria and seven environmental variables that were sampled twice yearly for three years across 11 reservoirs, and data from an intensive monitoring in one of these reservoirs. Poor correlations were obtained when correlating data simultaneously sampled. In fact, the 'highly recurrent' role of phosphorus in cyanobacteria blooms is not properly observed in all sampling periods. On the other hand, the strongest correlation values for the total phosphorus x cyanobacteria relationship were observed when we used the variation of sampling points. We have also shown that environment variables better explain cyanobacteria when a time lag is considered. We conclude that, in cyanobacteria monitoring, the best approach to reveal determinants of cyanobacteria blooms is to consider environmental variability.

Microstructure of early embryonic aortic arch and its reversibility following mechanically altered hemodynamic load release

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (5) ◽  
pp. H1208-H1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merve Celik ◽  
Selda Goktas ◽  
Cansu Karakaya ◽  
Ayse Idil Cakiroglu ◽  
Sercin Karahuseyinoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Avian Embryo ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Matrix Microstructure ◽  
Vessel Lumen ◽  
Area Increase ◽  
Load Release ◽  
Cardiovascular Interventions

The present study undertakes comparative analyses of the mechanistic differences of the arterial matrix microstructure and dynamics in the three fundamental processes of control, conotruncal banded, and released conotruncal band in avian embryo. Among other findings, this study provides specific evidence on the restorative role of elastin during the early lumen growth process. During vascular development, a novel intermittent load-switching mechanism between elastin and collagen, triggered by a step increase in wall shear stress, governs the chronic vessel lumen cross-sectional area increase. Mimicking the fetal cardiovascular interventions currently performed in humans, the early release of the abnormal mechanical load rescues the arterial microstructure with time-lag.

THE ROLE OF LIGHT IN THE FRUITING OF PANUS FRAGILIS

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1939-1943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orson K. Miller Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
Fluctuating Temperature ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Role Of Light ◽  
Pink Pigment

The role of light in the fruiting of Panus fragilis was explored under controlled temperature and light cycles. No fruiting occurred in the absence of light. A daily light cycle of 1.5 h at 792 ft-c was sufficient to produce fruiting initials, but not mature sporophores. Only at the longest daily light cycle tested, 12 h at 792 ft-c, were mature sporophores produced. The time required was 22–31 days with a daily fluctuating temperature cycle of 22 °C for 12 h followed by 8 °C for 12 h. The development of a pink pigment associated with fruiting initials and young sporophores was strongest at the longer light cycles and almost absent in the short cycles.

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