scholarly journals Weak sensitivity of the terrestrial water budget to global soil texture maps in the ORCHIDEE land surface model

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 3753-3774
Author(s):  
Salma Tafasca ◽  
Agnès Ducharne ◽  
Christian Valentin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Soil physical properties play an important role in estimating soil water and energy fluxes. Many hydrological and land surface models (LSMs) use soil texture maps to infer these properties. Here, we investigate the impact of soil texture on soil water fluxes and storage at different scales using the ORCHIDEE (ORganizing Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic EcosystEms) LSM, forced by several complex or globally uniform soil texture maps. At the point scale, the model shows a realistic sensitivity of runoff processes and soil moisture to soil texture and reveals that loamy textures give the highest evapotranspiration and lowest total runoff rates. The three tested complex soil texture maps result in similar water budgets at all scales, compared to the uncertainties of observation-based products and meteorological forcing datasets, although important differences can be found at the regional scale, particularly in areas where the different maps disagree on the prevalence of clay soils. The three tested soil texture maps are also found to be similar by construction, with a shared prevalence of loamy textures, and have a spatial overlap over 40 % between each pair of maps, which explains the overall weak impact of soil texture map change. A useful outcome is that the choice of the input soil texture map is not crucial for large-scale modelling, but the added value of more detailed soil information (horizontal and vertical resolution, soil composition) deserves further studies.

scholarly journals Weak sensitivity of the terrestrial water budget to global soil texture maps in the ORCHIDEE land surface model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma Tafasca ◽  
Agnès Ducharne ◽  
Christian Valentin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Soil physical properties play an important role for estimating soil water and energy fluxes. Many hydrological and land surface models (LSMs) use soil texture maps to infer these properties. Here, we investigate the impact of soil texture on soil water fluxes and storage at global scale using the ORCHIDEE LSM, forced by several complex or globally-uniform soil texture maps. The model shows a realistic sensitivity of runoff processes and soil moisture to soil texture, and reveals that medium textures give the highest evapotranspiration and lowest total runoff rates. The three tested complex soil texture maps being rather similar by construction, especially when upscaled at the 0.5° resolution used here, they result in similar water budgets at all scales, compared to the uncertainties of observation-based products and meteorological forcing datasets. A useful outcome is that the choice of the input soil texture map is not crucial for large-scale modelling. The added-value of more detailed soil information (horizontal and vertical resolution, soil composition) deserves further studies.

Evaluating Soil Water Content in a WRF-Noah Downscaling Experiment

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 2312-2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Greve ◽  
Kirsten Warrach-Sagi ◽  
Volker Wulfmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Flux Partitioning

AbstractSoil water content (SWC) depends on and affects the energy flux partitioning at the land–atmosphere interface. Above all, the latent heat flux is limited by the SWC of the root zone on one hand and radiation on the other. Therefore, SWC is a key variable in the climate system. In this study, the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with the Noah land surface model (WRF-Noah) system in a climate hindcast simulation from 1990 to 2008 is evaluated with respect to SWC versus two reanalysis datasets for Europe during 2007 and 2008 with in situ soil moisture observations from southern France. When compared with the in situ observations, WRF-Noah generally reproduces the SWC annual cycle while the reanalysis SWCs do not. The biases in areal mean WRF-Noah SWCs relate to biases in precipitation and evapotranspiration in a cropland environment. The spatial patterns and temporal variability of the seasonal mean SWCs from the WRF-Noah simulations and from the two reanalyses correspond well, while absolute values differ significantly, especially at the regional scale.

scholarly journals Impact of climate, vegetation, soil and crop management variables on multi-year ISBA-A-gs simulations of evapotranspiration over a Mediterranean crop site

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 2053-2100 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Garrigues ◽  
A. Olioso ◽  
D. Carrer ◽  
B. Decharme ◽  
E. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Land Surface Parameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Generic land surface models are generally driven by large-scale forcing datasets to describe the climate, the surface characteristics (soil texture, vegetation dynamic) and the cropland management (irrigation). This paper investigates the errors in these forcing variables and their impacts on the evapotranspiration (ET) simulated from the Interactions between Soil, Biosphere, and Atmosphere (ISBA-A-gs) land surface model over a 12 year Mediterranean crop succession. We evaluate the forcing datasets used in the standard implementation of ISBA over France where the model is driven by the SAFRAN high spatial resolution atmospheric reanalysis, the Leaf Area Index (LAI) cycles derived from the Ecoclimap-II land surface parameter database and the soil texture derived from the French soil database. For climate, we focus on the radiations and rainfall variables and we test additional datasets which includes the ERA-Interim low spatial resolution reanalysis, the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre dataset (GPCC) and the MeteoSat Second Generation (MSG) satellite estimate of downwelling shortwave radiations. The methodology consists in comparing the simulation achieved using large-scale forcing datasets with the simulation achieved using local observations for each forcing variable. The relative impacts of the forcing variables on simulated ET are compared with each other and with the model uncertainties triggered by errors in soil parameters. LAI and the lack of irrigation in the simulation generate the largest mean deviations in ET between the large-scale and the local-scale simulations (equivalent to 24 and 19 months of ET over 12 yr). The climate induces smaller mean deviations equivalent to 7–8 months of ET over 12 yr. The soil texture has the lowest impact (equivalent to 3 months of ET). However, the impact of errors in the forcing variables is smaller than the impact triggered by errors in the soil parameters (equivalent to 27 months of ET). The absence of irrigation which represents 18% of cumulative rainfall over 12 years induces a deficit in ET of 14%. It generates much larger variations in incoming water for the model than the differences in rainfall between the reanalysis datasets. ET simulated with the Ecoclimap-II LAI climatology is overestimated by 18% over 12 years. This is related to the overestimation of the mean LAI over the crop cycle which reveals inaccurate representation of Mediterranean crop cycles. Compared to SAFRAN, the use of the ERA-I reanalysis, the GPCC rainfall and the downwelling shortwave radiation derived from the MSG satellite have little influence on the ET simulation performances. The error in yearly ET is mainly driven by the error in yearly rainfall and to a less extent by radiations. The SAFRAN and MSG satellite shortwave radiation estimates show similar negative biases (−9 and −11 W m−2). The ERA-I bias in shortwave radiations is 4 times smaller at daily time scale. Both SAFRAN and ERA-I underestimate longwave downwelling radiations by −12 and −16 W m−2, respectively. The biases in shortwave and longwave radiations show larger inter-annual variation for SAFRAN than for ERA-I. Regarding rainfall, SAFRAN and ERA-I/GPCC are slightly biased at daily and longer time scales (1 and 0.5% of the mean rainfall measurement). The SAFRAN rainfall estimates are more precise due to the use of the in situ daily rainfall measurements of the Avignon site in the reanalysis.

scholarly journals Incoming Solar and Infrared Radiation Derived from METEOSAT: Impact on the Modeled Land Water and Energy Budget over France

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 504-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Carrer ◽  
S. Lafont ◽  
J.-L. Roujean ◽  
J.-C. Calvet ◽  
C. Meurey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Radiation Fluxes ◽  
Satellite Applications ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The Land Surface Analysis Satellite Applications Facility (LSA SAF) project radiation fluxes, derived from the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) geostationary satellite, were used in the Interactions between Soil, Biosphere, and Atmosphere (ISBA) land surface model (LSM), which is a component of the Surface Externalisée (SURFEX) modeling platform. The Système d’Analyze Fournissant des Renseignements Atmosphériques à la Neige (SAFRAN) atmospheric analysis provides high-resolution atmospheric variables used to drive LSMs over France. The impact of using the incoming solar and infrared radiation fluxes [downwelling surface shortwave (DSSF) and longwave (DSLF), respectively] from either SAFRAN or LSA SAF, in ISBA, was investigated over France for 2006. In situ observations from the Flux Network (FLUXNET) were used for the verification. Daily differences between SAFRAN and LSA SAF radiation fluxes averaged over the whole year 2006 were 3.75 and 2.61 W m−2 for DSSF and DSLF, respectively, representing 2.5% and 0.8% of their average values. The LSA SAF incoming solar radiation presented a better agreement with in situ measurements at six FLUXNET stations than the SAFRAN analysis. The bias and standard deviation of differences were reduced by almost 50%. The added value of the LSA SAF products was assessed with the simulated surface temperature, soil moisture, and the water and energy fluxes. The latter quantities were improved by the use of LSA SAF satellite estimates. As many areas lack a high-resolution meteorological analysis, the LSA SAF radiative products provide new and valuable information.

scholarly journals Continuous high resolution mid-latitude belt simulations for July–August 2013 with WRF

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Schwitalla ◽  
Hans-Stefan Bauer ◽  
Volker Wulfmeyer ◽  
Kirsten Warrach-Sagi
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Latitude Belt ◽  
Noah Land Surface Model ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The impact of a convection permitting (CP) northern hemisphere latitude-belt simulation with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was investigated during the July and August 2013. For this application, the WRF model together with the NOAH land-surface model (LSM) was applied at two different horizontal resolutions, 0.03° (HIRES) and 0.12° (LOWRES). The set-up as a latitude-belt domain avoids disturbances that originate from the western and eastern boundaries and therefore allows to study the impact of model resolution and physical parameterizations on the results. Both simulations were forced by ECMWF operational analysis data at the northern and southern domain boundaries and the high-resolution Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA) data at the sea surface. The simulations are compared to the operational ECMWF analysis for the representation of large scale features. To compare the simulated precipitation, the operational ECMWF forecast, the CPC MORPHing (CMORPH), and the ENSEMBLES gridded observation precipitation data set (E-OBS) were used. Compared to the operational high-resolution ECMWF analysis, both simulations are able to capture the large scale circulation pattern though the strength of the Pacific high is considerably overestimated in the LOWRES simulation. Major differences between ECMWF and WRF occur during July 2013 when the lower resolution simulation shows a significant negative bias over the North Atlantic which is not observed in the CP simulation. The analysis indicates deficiencies in the applied combinations of cloud microphysics and convection parametrization on the coarser grid scale in subpolar regions. The overall representation of the 500 hPa geopotential height surface is also improved by the CP simulation compared to the LOWRES simulation apart across Newfoundland where the geopotential height is higher than in the LOWRES simulation due to a northward shift of the location of the Atlantic high pressure system. Both simulations show higher wind speeds in the boundary layer by about 1.5 m s−1 compared to the the ECMWF analysis. Due to the higher surface evaporation, this results in a moist bias of 0.5 g kg−1 at 925 hPa in the planetary boundary layer compared to the ECMWF analysis. Major differences between ECMWF and WRF occur in the simulation of the 2-m temperatures over the Asian desert and steppe regions. They are significantly higher in WRF by about 5 K both during day- and night-time presumably as a result of different soil hydraulic parameters used in the NOAH land surface model for steppe regions. The precipitation of the HIRES simulation shows a better spatial agreement with CMORPH especially over mountainous terrain. The overall bias reduces from 80 mm at the coarser resolution to 50 mm in the HIRES simulation and the root mean square error is reduced by about 35 % when compared to the CMORPH precipitation analysis. The precipitation distribution agrees much better with the CMORPH data than the LOWRES simulation which tends to overestimate precipitation, mainly caused by the convection parametrization. Especially over Europe the CP resolution reduces the precipitation bias by about 30 % to 20 mm as a result of a better terrain representation and due to the avoidance of the convection parameterization.

scholarly journals Impact of the use of a CO<sub>2</sub> responsive land surface model in simulating the effect of climate change on the hydrology of French Mediterranean basins

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2803-2816 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Queguiner ◽  
E. Martin ◽  
S. Lafont ◽  
J.-C. Calvet ◽  
S. Faroux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Present Climate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In order to evaluate the uncertainty associated with the impact model in climate change studies, a CO2 responsive version of the land surface model ISBA (ISBA-A-gs) is compared with its standard version in a climate impact assessment study. The study is performed over the French Mediterranean basin using the Safran-Isba-Modcou chain. A downscaled A2 regional climate scenario is used to force both versions of ISBA, and the results of the two land surface models are compared for the present climate and for that at the end of the century. Reasonable agreement is found between models and with discharge observations. However, ISBA-A-gs has a lower mean evapotranspiration and a higher discharge than ISBA-Standard. Results for the impact of climate change are coherent on a yearly basis for evapotranspiration, total runoff, and discharge. However, the two versions of ISBA present contrasting seasonal variations. ISBA-A-gs develops a different vegetation cycle. The growth of the vegetation begins earlier and reaches a slightly lower maximum than in the present climate. This maximum is followed by a rapid decrease in summertime. In consequence, the springtime evapotranspiration is significantly increased when compared to ISBA-Standard, while the autumn evapotranspiration is lower. On average, discharge changes are more significant at the regional scale with ISBA-A-gs.

Rethinking large scale river routing by leveraging a field-scale resolving land surface model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Chaney ◽  
Noemi Vergopolan ◽  
Colby Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Routing Scheme ◽  
Earth System Models ◽  
River Routing

&lt;p&gt;Over the past decade there has been important progress towards modeling the water, energy, and carbon cycles at field scales (10-100 meter) over continental extents. One such approach, named HydroBlocks, accomplishes this task while maintaining computational efficiency via sub-grid hydrologic response units (HRUs); these HRUs are defined via cluster analysis of available field-scale environmental datasets (e.g., elevation). However, until now, there has yet to be complementary advances in river routing schemes that are able to fully harness HydroBlocks&amp;#8217; approach to sub-grid heterogeneity, thus limiting the added value of field-scale resolving land surface models (e.g., riparian zone dynamics, irrigation from surface water, and interactive floodplains). In this presentation, we will introduce a novel large scale river routing scheme that leverages the modeled field-scale heterogeneity in HydroBlocks through more realistic sub-grid stream network topologies, reach-based river routing, and the simulation of floodplain dynamics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The primary features of the novel river routing scheme include: 1) each macroscale grid cell is assigned its own river network delineated from field-scale DEMs; 2) similar sub-grid reaches (e.g., Shreve order) are grouped/clustered to ensure computational tractability; 3) the fine-scale inlet/outlet reaches of the macroscale grid cells are linked to assemble the continental river networks; 4) river dynamics are solved at the reach-level via an implicit solution of the Kinematic wave with floodplain dynamics; 5) two way connectivity is established between each cell&amp;#8217;s sub-grid HRUs and the river network. The resulting routing scheme is able to effectively represent sub-100 meter-delineated stream networks within Earth system models with relatively minor increases in computation with respect to existing approaches. To illustrate the scheme&amp;#8217;s novelty when coupled to the HydroBlocks land surface model, we will present simulation results over the Yellowstone river in the United States between 2002 and 2018. We will show the added value of the scheme when compared to existing approaches with regards to floodplain dynamics, water management, and riparian corridors. Furthermore, we will present results regarding the scheme&amp;#8217;s computational tractability to ensure the feasibility of its use within Earth system models. Finally, we will discuss the potential of this approach to enhance flood and drought monitoring tools, numerical weather prediction, and climate models.&lt;/p&gt;

Urbanisation of weather data lead for more sustainable building design: urban land surface model used to generate Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) datasets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Sun ◽  
Yihao Tang ◽  
Jie Xiong ◽  
Hamidreza Omidvar ◽  
Sue Grimmond
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) datasets are widely used in building energy design simulations to assess needs (cooling/heat). Currently, TMY data used are representative of the past climate (from observations) of the region and generally do not account for urban climate or building-city interactions. Here we use an urban land surface model, SUEWS (Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme) driven by ERA5 reanalysis data to bridge this gap.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Using 0.25 &amp;#176; large-scale ERA5 reanalysis data (1979&amp;#8211;2018) with SUEWS we generate an urbanised TMY (uTMY) dataset for Changsha, a city with more than 4.4 million residents in the hot-summer-cold-winter region of China, to demonstrate the proposed workflow. The SUEWS simulation are evaluated at the Leifeng site (WMO code 57687) for 2016.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Through comparison of DOE EnergyPlus simulations, we also assess the impact on design building energy consumption using uTMY and cTMY (conventional TMY) data. The building design energy needs evaluation is for a common Chinese apartment building. This should allow for more spatially explicit building design, and hence more sustainable.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Modeling the impacts of diffuse light fraction on photosynthesis in ORCHIDEE (v5453) land surface model

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5401-5423
Author(s):  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Ana Bastos ◽  
Fabienne Maignan ◽  
Daniel Goll ◽  
Olivier Boucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Diffuse Light ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Aerosol- and cloud-induced changes in diffuse light have important impacts on the global land carbon cycle, as they alter light distribution and photosynthesis in vegetation canopies. However, this effect remains poorly represented or evaluated in current land surface models. Here, we add a light partitioning module and a new canopy light transmission module to the ORCHIDEE (Organising Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems) land surface model (trunk version, v5453) and use the revised model, ORCHIDEE_DF, to estimate the fraction of diffuse light and its effect on gross primary production (GPP) in a multilayer canopy. We evaluate the new parameterizations using flux observations from 159 eddy covariance sites over the globe. Our results show that, compared with the original model, ORCHIDEE_DF improves the GPP simulation under sunny conditions and captures the observed higher photosynthesis under cloudier conditions in most plant functional types (PFTs). Our results also indicate that the larger GPP under cloudy conditions compared with sunny conditions is mainly driven by increased diffuse light in the morning and in the afternoon as well as by a decreased vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and decreased air temperature at midday. The observations show that the strongest positive effects of diffuse light on photosynthesis are found in the range from 5 to 20 ∘C and at a VPD < 1 kPa. This effect is found to decrease when the VPD becomes too large or the temperature falls outside of the abovementioned range, which is likely due to the increasing stomatal resistance to leaf CO2 uptake. ORCHIDEE_DF underestimates the diffuse light effect at low temperature in all PFTs and overestimates this effect at high temperature and at a high VPD in grasslands and croplands. The new model has the potential to better investigate the impact of large-scale aerosol changes and long-term changes in cloudiness on the terrestrial carbon budget, both in the historical period and in the context of future air quality policies and/or climate engineering.

scholarly journals Impact of precipitation and land biophysical variables on the simulated discharge of European and Mediterranean rivers

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 3351-3370 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Szczypta ◽  
B. Decharme ◽  
D. Carrer ◽  
J.-C. Calvet ◽  
S. Lafont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Global Precipitation Climatology Centre ◽  
Hydrological System ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. This study investigates the impact on river discharge simulations of errors in the precipitation forcing, together with changes in the representation of vegetation variables and of plant transpiration. The most recent European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis (ERA-Interim) is used to drive the Interactions between Soil, Biosphere, and Atmosphere–Total Runoff Integrating Pathways (ISBA-TRIP) continental hydrological system over Europe and the Mediterranean basin over the 1991–2008 period. As ERA-Interim tends to underestimate precipitation, a number of precipitation corrections are proposed. In particular, the monthly Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) precipitation product is used to bias-correct the 3-hourly ERA-Interim estimates. This correction markedly improves the match between the ISBA-TRIP simulations and the river discharge observations from the Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC), at 150 gauging stations. The impact on TRIP river discharge simulations of various representations of the evapotranspiration in the ISBA land surface model is investigated as well: ISBA is used together with its upgraded carbon flux version (ISBA-A-gs). The latter is either driven by the satellite-derived climatology of the Leaf Area Index (LAI) used by ISBA, or performs prognostic LAI simulations. The ISBA-A-gs model, with or without dynamically simulated LAI, allows a better representation of river discharge at low water levels. On the other hand, ISBA-A-gs does not perform as well as the original ISBA model at springtime.

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