scholarly journals A field-validated surrogate crop model for predicting root-zone moisture and salt content in regions with shallow groundwater

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 4213-4237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyi Liu ◽  
Zailin Huo ◽  
Chaozi Wang ◽  
Limin Zhang ◽  
Xianghao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Groundwater Depth ◽  
Upward Movement ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Calibration And Validation ◽  
Irrigated Crops

Abstract. Optimum management of irrigated crops in regions with shallow saline groundwater requires a careful balance between application of irrigation water and upward movement of salinity from the groundwater. Few field-validated surrogate models are available to aid in the management of irrigation water under shallow groundwater conditions. The objective of this research is to develop a model that can aid in the management using a minimum of input data that are field validated. In this paper a 2-year field experiment was carried out in the Hetao irrigation district in Inner Mongolia, China, and a physically based integrated surrogate model for arid irrigated areas with shallow groundwater was developed and validated with the collected field data. The integrated model that links crop growth with available water and salinity in the vadose zone is called Evaluation of the Performance of Irrigated Crops and Soils (EPICS). EPICS recognizes that field capacity is reached when the matric potential is equal to the height above the groundwater table and thus not by a limiting hydraulic conductivity. In the field experiment, soil moisture contents and soil salt conductivity at five depths in the top 100 cm, groundwater depth, crop height, and leaf area index were measured in 2017 and 2018. The field results were used for calibration and validation of EPICS. Simulated and observed data fitted generally well during both calibration and validation. The EPICS model that can predict crop growth, soil water, groundwater depth, and soil salinity can aid in optimizing water management in irrigation districts with shallow aquifers.

scholarly journals A field validated surrogate model for optimum performance of irrigated crops in regions with shallow salty groundwater

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyi Liu ◽  
Zailin Huo ◽  
Chaozi Wang ◽  
Limin Zhang ◽  
Xianghao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Surrogate Model ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Groundwater Depth ◽  
Upward Movement ◽  
Optimum Performance ◽  
Calibration And Validation ◽  
Irrigated Crops

Abstract. Optimum performance of irrigated crops in regions with shallow saline groundwater requires a careful balance between application of irrigation water and upward movement of salinity from the groundwater. Few field validated surrogate models are available to aid in the management of irrigation water under shallow groundwater conditions. The objective of this research is to develop a model that can aid in the management using a minimum of input data that is field validated. In this paper a 2-year field experiment was carried out in the Hetao irrigation district in Inner Mongolia, China and a physically based integrated surrogate model for arid irrigated areas with shallow groundwater was developed and validated with the collected field data. The integrated model that links crop growth with available water and salinity in the vadose zone is called Evaluation of the Performance of Irrigated Crops and Soils (EPICS). EPICS recognizes that field capacity is reached when the matric potential is equal to the height above the groundwater table and thus not by a limiting hydraulic conductivity. In the field experiment, soil moisture contents and soil salt conductivity at 5 depths in the top 100 cm, groundwater depth, crop height, and leaf area index were measured in 2017 and 2018. The field results were used for calibration and validation of EPICS. Simulated and observed data fitted generally well during both calibration and validation. The EPICS model that can predict crop growth, soil water, groundwater depth and soil salinity can aid in optimizing water management in irrigation districts with shallow aquifers.

scholarly journals A unique vadose zone model for shallow aquifers: the Hetao irrigation district, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 3097-3115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyi Liu ◽  
Xingwang Wang ◽  
Zailin Huo ◽  
Tammo Siert Steenhuis
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Calibration And Validation ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Hetao Irrigation District

Abstract. Rapid population growth is increasing pressure on the world water resources. Agriculture will require crops to be grown with less water. This is especially the case for the closed Yellow River basin, necessitating a better understanding of the fate of irrigation water in the soil. In this paper, we report on a field experiment and develop a physically based model for the shallow groundwater in the Hetao irrigation district in Inner Mongolia, in the arid middle reaches of the Yellow River. Unlike other approaches, this model recognizes that field capacity is reached when the matric potential is equal to the height above the groundwater table and not by a limiting soil conductivity. The field experiment was carried out in 2016 and 2017. Daily moisture contents at five depths in the top 90 cm and groundwater table depths were measured in two fields with a corn crop. The data collected were used for model calibration and validation. The calibration and validation results show that the model-simulated soil moisture and groundwater depth fitted well. The model can be used in areas with shallow groundwater to optimize irrigation water use and minimize tailwater losses.

scholarly journals A Unique Vadose Zone Model for Shallow Aquifers: the Hetao Irrigation District, China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyi Liu ◽  
Xingwang Wang ◽  
Zailin Huo ◽  
Tammo Siert Steenhuis
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Calibration And Validation ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Hetao Irrigation District

Abstract. Rapid population growth is increasing pressure on the world water resources. Agriculture will require crops to be grown with less water. This is especially the case for the closed Yellow River basin necessitating a better understanding of the fate of irrigation water in the soil. In this manuscript, we report on a field experiment and develop a physical based model for the shallow groundwater in the Hetao irrigation district in Inner Mongolia, in the arid middle reaches of the Yellow River. Unlike other approaches, this model recognizes that field capacity is reached when the matric potential is equal to the height above the groundwater table and not by a limiting soil conductivity. The field experiment was carried out in 2016 and 2017. Daily moisture contents at 5 depths in the top 90 cm and groundwater table depths were measured in two fields with a corn crop. The data collected were used for model calibration and validation. The calibration and validation results show that the model-simulated soil moisture and groundwater depth fitted well. The model can be used in areas with shallow groundwater to optimize irrigation water use and minimize tailwater losses.

scholarly journals Understanding the Role of Shallow Groundwater in Improving Field Water Productivity in Arid Areas

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3519
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Gao ◽  
Zhongyi Qu ◽  
Zailin Huo ◽  
Pengcheng Tang ◽  
Shuaishuai Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Groundwater Depth ◽  
Groundwater Salinity ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Soil Water And Salt

Soil water and salt transport in soil profiles and capillary rise from shallow groundwater are significant seasonal responses that help determine irrigation schedules and agricultural development in arid areas. In this study the Agricultural Water Productivity Model for Shallow Groundwater (AWPM-SG) was modified by adding a soil salinity simulation to precisely describe the soil water and salt cycle, calculating capillary fluxes from shallow groundwater using readily available data, and simulating the effect of soil salinity on crop growth. The model combines an analytical solution of upward flux from groundwater using the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) crop growth model. The modified AWPM-SG was calibrated and validated with a maize field experiment run in 2016 in which predicted soil moisture, soil salinity, groundwater depth, and leaf area index were in agreement with the observations. To investigate the response of the model, various scenarios with varying groundwater depth and groundwater salinity were run. The inhibition of groundwater salinity on crop yield was slightly less than that on crop water use, while the water consumption of maize with a groundwater depth of 1 m is 3% less than that of 2 m, and the yield of maize with groundwater depth of 1 m is only 1% less than that of 2 m, under the groundwater salinity of 2.0 g/L. At the same groundwater depth, the higher the salinity, the greater the corn water productivity, and the smaller the corn irrigation water productivity. Consequently, using modified AWPM-SG in irrigation scheduling will be beneficial to save more water in areas with shallow groundwater.

scholarly journals Calibration and Validation of the Crop Growth Model DAISY for Spring Barley in the Czech Republic

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1177-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Pohanková ◽  
Petr Hlavinka ◽  
Jozef Takáč ◽  
Zdeněk Žalud ◽  
Miroslav Trnka
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Mean Bias Error ◽  
Crop Growth Model ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Calibration And Validation

In this paper, the crop growth model DAISY for spring barley (cultivar “Tolar“) was calibrated and subsequently validated in three different soil-climate locations in the Czech Republic – Lednice (48°48'51'' N, 16°48'46'' E, altitude 180 m), Věrovany (49°27'39'' N, 17°17'42'' E, altitude 210 m) and Domanínek (49°31'42'' N, 16°14'13'' E, altitude 560 m). The calibration and validation were based on data from a multi-year field experiment from the Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture and from a two-year field experiment in Domanínek (2011 and 2012) that was conducted by the Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology in cooperation with the Global Change Research Centre AS CR. The calibration for Lednice, Věrovany and Domanínek was performed using 4 growth seasons from each station, the subsequent validation for Lednice and Věrovany was performed based on 3 growth seasons from each station, and that for Domanínek was based on 6 growth seasons. The value of the RMSE (root mean square error) statistic for flowering was 2 days for calibration and 4 days for validation on average; for maturity, the RMSE was 11 days for both calibration and validation. The average RMSE for the yields was 0.9 t·ha−1 for calibration and 1.6 t·ha−1 for validation. According to the statistical index MBE (mean bias error) for the flowering phenological phase, the crop growth model DAISY showed a delay of 2 days in both calibration and validation. There was also delay of 6 days in calibration and of 8 days in validation for maturity. According to the MBE, the crop growth model DAISY underestimates the yield by 0.2 t·ha−1 for calibration and underestimates the yield by 0.4 t·ha−1 for validation.

Work on improvement of saline-alkali land on the University Farm, Khartoum, 1956–59

1961 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-371
Author(s):  
G. A. Worrall
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Upward Movement ◽  
Water Penetration ◽  
Steady Improvement ◽  
General Improvement ◽  
The University ◽  
Original Amount

Over the 3 years of the experiment the salt in the top 2 ft. of the soil was reduced by almost a half of the original amount, and nearly all this was removed in the first season. The movement was downwards, and there was little evidence of any upward movement; flushing was not very effective in removing salt from the soil. The type of cultivation affected the amount of salt removed, deep subsoiling being most successful with over 50% removal, but irrigation without any cultivation removed 29%. The penetration of irrigation water was very restricted in the first waterings, but became increasingly deeper as the experiment continued.Crop yields showed a steady improvement from season to season, the final average of about 1500 lb. per feddan being above the average for the district. The various treatments did not appear to have much effect on the yields, and the general improvement in yields is attributed to the reduction of salt content and to the deeper water penetration, chiefly the latter. The detrimental effect of the dry north winds was more apparent than the effects of the different treatments.

scholarly journals Topsoil Nutrients Drive Leaf Carbon and Nitrogen Concentrations of a Desert Phreatophyte in Habitats with Different Shallow Groundwater Depths

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3093
Author(s):  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Gangliang Tang ◽  
Hanlin Luo ◽  
Hui Yin ◽  
Zhihao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Ecological Stoichiometry ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Groundwater Depth ◽  
Taklimakan Desert ◽  
Desert Ecosystems ◽  
Alhagi Sparsifolia ◽  
Degree Of Mineralization

Phreatophytes are deep-rooted plants that reach groundwater and are widely distributed in arid and semiarid areas around the world. Multiple environmental factors affect the growth of phreatophytes in desert ecosystems. However, the key factor determining the leaf nutrients of phreatophytes in arid regions remains elusive. This study aimed to reveal the key factors affecting the ecological stoichiometry of desert phreatophytes in the shallow groundwater of three oases at the southern rim of the Taklimakan Desert in Central Asia. Groundwater depth; groundwater pH and the degree of mineralization of groundwater; topsoil pH and salt concentration; topsoil and leaf carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations of phreatophytic Alhagi sparsifolia grown at groundwater depths of 1.3–2.2 m in the saturated aquifer zone in a desert–oasis ecotone in northwestern China were investigated. Groundwater depth was closely related to the mineralization degree of groundwater, topsoil C and P concentrations, and topsoil salt content and pH. The ecological stoichiometry of A. sparsifolia was influenced by depth, pH and the degree of mineralization of groundwater, soil nutrients and salt concentration. However, the effects of soil C and P concentrations on the leaf C and N concentrations of A. sparsifolia were higher than those of groundwater depth and pH and soil salt concentration. Moreover, A. sparsifolia absorbed more N in the soil than in the groundwater and atmosphere. This quantitative study provides new insights into the nutrient utilization of a desert phreatophyte grown at shallow groundwater depths in extremely arid desert ecosystems.

scholarly journals Implementing the nitrogen cycle into the dynamic global vegetation, hydrology, and crop growth model LPJmL (version 5.0)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2789-2812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner von Bloh ◽  
Sibyll Schaphoff ◽  
Christoph Müller ◽  
Susanne Rolinski ◽  
Katharina Waha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Full Detail ◽  
Crop Growth Model ◽  
Maintenance Respiration ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Global Vegetation

Abstract. The well-established dynamical global vegetation, hydrology, and crop growth model LPJmL is extended with a terrestrial nitrogen cycle to account for nutrient limitations. In particular, processes of soil nitrogen dynamics, plant uptake, nitrogen allocation, response of photosynthesis and maintenance respiration to varying nitrogen concentrations in plant organs, and agricultural nitrogen management are included in the model. All new model features are described in full detail and the results of a global simulation of the historic past (1901–2009) are presented for evaluation of the model performance. We find that the implementation of nitrogen limitation significantly improves the simulation of global patterns of crop productivity. Regional differences in crop productivity, which had to be calibrated via a scaling of the maximum leaf area index, can now largely be reproduced by the model, except for regions where fertilizer inputs and climate conditions are not the yield-limiting factors. Furthermore, it can be shown that land use has a strong influence on nitrogen losses, increasing leaching by 93 %.

Response of four grain legumes to water stress in south-eastern Queensland. IV. Interaction with sowing arrangement

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 661 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Lawn
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Water Use ◽  
South Eastern

The effect of spatial arrangement and population density on growth, dry matter production, yield and water use of black gram (Vigna mungo cv. Regur), green gram (V. radiata cv. Berken), cowpea (V. unguiculata CPI 28215) and soybean (Glycine rnax CP126671), under irrigated, rain-fed fallowed and rain-fed double-cropped culture was evaluated at Dalby in south-eastern Queensland. Equidistant spacings increased initial rates of leaf area index (LAI) development and crop water use compared with 1-m rows at the same population densities. In the irrigated and rain-fed fallowed treatments, where more water was available for crop growth, both seed yields and total crop water use were higher in the equidistant spacings. However, in the double-cropped treatment, where water availability was limited, there was no yield difference between rows and equidistant spacings, primarily because initially faster growth in the latter was offset by more severe water stress later in the season. Higher population density also increased initial crop growth rate and water use, particularly in the equidistant spacings. However, there was no significant yield response to density, presumably because subsequent competition for light/ water offset initial effects on growth. Although absolute yield differences existed between legume cultivars within cultural treatments, there were no significant differential responses to either spatial arrangement or population density among these four cultivars.

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