scholarly journals Assessing the hydrologic restoration of an urbanized area via integrated distributed hydrological model

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 4099-4132 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Trinh ◽  
T. F. M. Chui
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Peak Discharge ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Hydrologic Restoration ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract. Green structures (e.g. green roof and bio-retention systems) are adopted to mitigate the hydrological impacts of urbanization. However, our current understanding of the urbanization impacts are often process-specific (e.g. peak flow or storm recession), and our characterizations of green structures are often on a local scale. This study uses an integrated distributed hydrological model, Mike SHE, to evaluate the urbanization impacts on both overall water balance and water regime, and also the effectiveness of green structures at a catchment level. Three simulations are carried out for a highly urbanized catchment in the tropics, representing pre-urbanized, urbanized and restored conditions. Urbanization transforms vegetated areas into impervious surfaces, resulting in 20 and 66% reductions in infiltration and base flow respectively, and 60 to 100% increase in peak outlet discharge. Green roofs delay the peak outlet discharge by 2 h and reduce the magnitude by 50%. Bio-retention systems mitigate the peak discharge by 50% and also enhance infiltration by 30%. The combination of green roofs and bio-retention systems even reduces the peak discharge to the pre-urbanized level. The simulation results obtained are independent of field data, enabling a generic model for understanding hydrological changes during the different phases of urbanization. This will benefit catchment level planning of green structures in other urban areas.

scholarly journals Assessing the hydrologic restoration of an urbanized area via an integrated distributed hydrological model

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4789-4801 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Trinh ◽  
T. F. M. Chui
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Peak Discharge ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Hydrologic Restoration ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract. Green structures (e.g. green roof and bio-retention systems) are adopted to mitigate the hydrological impacts of urbanization. However, our current understanding of urbanization impacts are often process-specific (e.g. peak flow or storm recession), and our characterizations of green structures are often on a local scale. This study uses an integrated distributed hydrological model, Mike SHE, to evaluate the urbanization impacts on both overall water balance and water regime, and also the effectiveness of green structures at a catchment level. Three simulations are carried out for a highly urbanized catchment in the tropics, representing pre-urbanized, urbanized and restored conditions. Urbanization transforms vegetated areas into impervious surfaces, resulting in 20 and 66% reductions in infiltration and base flow respectively, and 60 to 100% increase in peak outlet discharge. Green roofs delay the peak outlet discharge by 2 h and reduce the magnitude by 50%. Bio-retention systems mitigate the peak discharge by 50% and also enhance infiltration by 30%. The combination of green roofs and bio-retention systems even reduces the peak discharge to the pre-urbanized level. The simulation results obtained are independent of field data, enabling a generic model for understanding hydrological changes during the different phases of urbanization. This will benefit catchment-level planning of green structures in other urban areas.

scholarly journals A Novel Buffer Tank to Attenuate the Peak Flow of Runoff

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 2525-2534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinghong Qin ◽  
Zhengce Huang ◽  
Zebin Yu ◽  
Zhikui Liu ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Sewer Pipes ◽  
Rainfall Depth ◽  
Dead Storage ◽  
Buffer Tank ◽  
Edge Side ◽  
Outlet Orifice

Impermeable pavements and roofs in urban areas convert most rainfall to runoff, which is commonly discharged to local sewers pipes and finally to the nearby streams and rivers. In case of heavy rain, the peak flow of runoff usually exceeds the carrying capacity of the local sewer pipes, leading to urban flooding. Traditional facilities, such as green roofs, permeable pavements, soakaways, rainwater tanks, rain barrels, and others reduce the runoff volume in case of a small rain but fail in case of a heavy rain. Here we propose a novel rainwater buffer tank to detain runoff from the nearby sealed surfaces in case of heavy rain and then to discharge rainwater from an orifice at the tank’s bottom. We found that considering a 100m2 rooftop with 0.80 runoff coefficient and a 10cm rainfall depth for an hour, a cubic tank with internal edge side of a square of 2 m attenuates the peak flow about 45%. To reduce a desirable peak flow, the outlet orifice of the buffer tank must be optimized according to site-specific conditions. The orifice can be set at an elevation from the tank’s bottom to create a dead storage for harvesting rainwater.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Permeable Brick Pavement on the Reduction of Stormwater Runoff Using a Coupled Hydrological Model

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2821
Author(s):  
Xiaoran Fu ◽  
Jiahong Liu ◽  
Weiwei Shao ◽  
Chao Mei ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Storm Duration

In several cities, permeable brick pavement (PBP) plays a key role in stormwater management. Although various hydrological models can be used to analyze the mitigation efficiency of PBP on rainfall runoff, the majority do not consider the effect of multi-layered pavement on infiltration in urban areas. Therefore, we developed a coupled model to evaluate the potential effect of PBP in reducing stormwater runoff at a watershed scale. Specifically, we compared the hydrological responses (outflow and overflow) of three different PBP scenarios. The potential effects of PBP on peak flow (PF), total volume (TV), and overflow volume (OV) were investigated for 20 design rainstorms with different return periods and durations. Our results indicate that an increase in PBP ratio reduces both PF (4.2–13.5%) and TV (4.2–10.5%) at the outfall as well as the OV (15.4–30.6%) across networks. The mitigation effect of PBP on OV is linearly correlated to storm return period and duration, but the effects on PF and TV are inversely correlated to storm duration. These results provide insight on the effects of infiltration-based infrastructure on urban flooding.

scholarly journals Predicting floods in a large karst river basin by coupling PERSIANN-CCS QPEs with a physically based distributed hydrological model

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 1505-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Li ◽  
Daoxian Yuan ◽  
Jiao Liu ◽  
Yongjun Jiang ◽  
Yangbo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Flood Simulation ◽  
Flood Prediction ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Karst River

Abstract. In general, there are no long-term meteorological or hydrological data available for karst river basins. The lack of rainfall data is a great challenge that hinders the development of hydrological models. Quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) based on weather satellites offer a potential method by which rainfall data in karst areas could be obtained. Furthermore, coupling QPEs with a distributed hydrological model has the potential to improve the precision of flood predictions in large karst watersheds. Estimating precipitation from remotely sensed information using an artificial neural network-cloud classification system (PERSIANN-CCS) is a type of QPE technology based on satellites that has achieved broad research results worldwide. However, only a few studies on PERSIANN-CCS QPEs have occurred in large karst basins, and the accuracy is generally poor in terms of practical applications. This paper studied the feasibility of coupling a fully physically based distributed hydrological model, i.e., the Liuxihe model, with PERSIANN-CCS QPEs for predicting floods in a large river basin, i.e., the Liujiang karst river basin, which has a watershed area of 58 270 km2, in southern China. The model structure and function require further refinement to suit the karst basins. For instance, the sub-basins in this paper are divided into many karst hydrology response units (KHRUs) to ensure that the model structure is adequately refined for karst areas. In addition, the convergence of the underground runoff calculation method within the original Liuxihe model is changed to suit the karst water-bearing media, and the Muskingum routing method is used in the model to calculate the underground runoff in this study. Additionally, the epikarst zone, as a distinctive structure of the KHRU, is carefully considered in the model. The result of the QPEs shows that compared with the observed precipitation measured by a rain gauge, the distribution of precipitation predicted by the PERSIANN-CCS QPEs was very similar. However, the quantity of precipitation predicted by the PERSIANN-CCS QPEs was smaller. A post-processing method is proposed to revise the products of the PERSIANN-CCS QPEs. The karst flood simulation results show that coupling the post-processed PERSIANN-CCS QPEs with the Liuxihe model has a better performance relative to the result based on the initial PERSIANN-CCS QPEs. Moreover, the performance of the coupled model largely improves with parameter re-optimization via the post-processed PERSIANN-CCS QPEs. The average values of the six evaluation indices change as follows: the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient increases by 14 %, the correlation coefficient increases by 15 %, the process relative error decreases by 8 %, the peak flow relative error decreases by 18 %, the water balance coefficient increases by 8 %, and the peak flow time error displays a 5 h decrease. Among these parameters, the peak flow relative error shows the greatest improvement; thus, these parameters are of the greatest concern for flood prediction. The rational flood simulation results from the coupled model provide a great practical application prospect for flood prediction in large karst river basins.

scholarly journals Hydrometeorological Characterization of a Flash Flood Associated with Major Geomorphic Effects: Assessment of Peak Discharge Uncertainties and Analysis of the Runoff Response

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 3063-3077 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Amponsah ◽  
Lorenzo Marchi ◽  
Davide Zoccatelli ◽  
Giorgio Boni ◽  
Marco Cavalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
River System ◽  
Peak Discharge ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Context Model ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Flood Response ◽  
Peak Discharges

Abstract Postflood indirect peak flow estimates provide key information to advance understanding of flash flood hydrometeorological processes, particularly when peak observations are combined with flood simulations from a hydrological model. However, indirect peak flow estimates are affected by significant uncertainties, which are magnified when floods are associated with important geomorphic processes. The main objective of this work is to advance the integrated use of indirect peak flood estimates and hydrological model simulations by developing and testing a procedure for the assessment of the geomorphic impacts–related uncertainties. The methodology is applied to the analysis of an extreme flash flood that occurred on the Magra River system in Italy on 25 October 2011. The event produced major geomorphic effects and peak discharges close to the maxima observed for high-magnitude rainstorm events in Europe at basin scales ranging from 30 to 1000 km2. Results show that the intensity of geomorphic impacts has a significant effect on the accuracy of postflood peak discharge estimation and model-based flood response analysis. It is shown that the comparison between rainfall–runoff model simulations and indirect peak flow estimates, accounting for uncertainties, may be used to identify erroneous field-derived estimates and isolate consistent hydrological simulations. Comparison with peak discharges obtained for other Mediterranean flash floods allows the scale-dependent flood response of the Magra River system to be placed within a broader hydroclimatological context. Model analyses of the hydrologic response illustrate the role of storm structure and evolution for scale-dependent flood response.

scholarly journals Distributed Hydrological Model Application for Estimating the Groundwater Resource at Cu De River Catchment, Viet Nam

10.29007/qxxf ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoc Duong Vo ◽  
Quang Binh Nguyen ◽  
Philippe Gourbesville
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Model Application ◽  
New Approach ◽  
River Catchment

Groundwater is a fundamental component in the water balance of any watershed. It affects considerably on flow regime, especially on base flow. However, it is not easy to survey this component, notably towards the lack of data catchment and developping countries. This study is to present a new approach to overcome the limitation in simulating the ground water. By using the deterministic distributed hydrological model, the study is hope to provide basic information about ground water for a catchment in Vietnam coastal central region, Cu De river catchment. The modelling is realized for an area of 425.2 km2 in period of 2006 – 2010. The results are analyzed in many aspects such as: groundwater spatial distribution, groundwater flow process, groundwater storage, and groundwater recharged volume.

scholarly journals Flood forecasting in large karst river basin by coupling PERSIANN CCS QPEs with a physically based distributed hydrological model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Li ◽  
Daoxian Yuan ◽  
Jiao Liu ◽  
Yongjun Jiang ◽  
Yangbo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Flood Forecasting ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Time Error ◽  
Flood Simulation ◽  
Karst River

Abstract. There is no long-term meteorological or hydrological data in karst river basins to a large extent. Especially lack of typical rainfall data is a great challenge to build a hydrological model. Quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) based on the weather satellites could offer a good attempt to obtain the rainfall data in karst area. What's more, coupling QPEs with a distributed hydrological model has the potential to improve the precision for flood forecasting in large karst watershed. Precipitation estimation from remotely sensed information using artificial neural networks-cloud classification system (PERSIANN-CCS) as a technology of QPEs based on satellites has been achieved a wide research results in the world. However, only few studies on PERSIANN-CCS QPEs are in large karst basins and the accuracy is always poor in practical application. In this study, the PERSIANN-CCS QPEs is employed to estimate the hourly precipitation in such a large river basin-Liujiang karst river basin with an area of 58 270 km2. The result shows that, compared with the observed precipitation by rain gauge, the distribution of precipitation by PERSIANN-CCS QPEs has a great similarity. But the quantity values of precipitation by PERSIANN-CCS QPEs are smaller. A post-processed method is proposed to revise the PERSIANN-CCS QPEs products. The result shows that coupling the post-processed PERSIANN-CCS QPEs with a distributed hydrological model-Liuxihe model has a better performance than the result with the initial PERSIANN-CCS QPEs in karst flood simulation. What's more, the coupling model’s performance improves largely with parameter re-optimized with the post-processed PERSIANN-CCS QPEs. The average values of the six evaluation indices including Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient has a 14 % increase, the correlation coefficient has a 14 % increase, process relative error has a 8 % decrease, peak flow relative error has a 18 % decrease, the water balance coefficient has a 7 % increase, and peak flow time error has 25 hours decrease, respectively. Among them, the peak flow relative error and peak flow time error have the biggest improvement, which are the greatest concerned factors in flood forecasting.The rational flood simulation results by the coupling model provide a great practical application prospect for flood forecasting in large karst river basins.

scholarly journals Simulation of flood reduction by natural river rehabilitation using a distributed hydrological model

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1129-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. B. Liu ◽  
S. Gebremeskel ◽  
F. de Smedt ◽  
L. Hoffmann ◽  
L. Pfister
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
River Rehabilitation ◽  
Grand Duchy

Abstract. The effects of river rehabilitation on flood reduction in the Steinsel sub-basin of the Alzette River basin, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, are discussed; the rehabilitation measures include planting and changing riparian and in-stream vegetation, and re-meandering of channelised reaches, etc. in the headwater streams. To simulate flood reduction by river rehabilitation, the streams have been classified into different orders and by assessing the response of the stream channels to the resistance or obstruction of flows. Based on this assessment, the roughness to the flow in the first and second order streams is adjusted in line with the river rehabilitation while the roughness of higher order channels downstream is unchanged. The hydrological analysis utilises the WetSpa distributed model based on spatial information on topography, soil type and land use. The increased channel roughness in the headwater channels delays the flows, so that peak discharges at the outlet of the basin are reduced. The simulation indicates that, after river naturalisation, the reduction in peak flow can be as much as 14% and the time of concentration may be delayed by as much as two hours. Also, an impact analysis has assessed the possible flood reduction for a changed climate scenario. Keywords: river rehabilitation, flood reduction, distributed hydrological modelling, WetSpa

scholarly journals Impact of urbanization on flood of Shigu creek in Dongguan city

2018 ◽  
Vol 379 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Luying Pan ◽  
Yangbo Chen ◽  
Tao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Flood Mitigation ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Small Watershed ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Dongguan City ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Shigu creek is a highly urbanized small watershed in Dongguan City. Due to rapid urbanization, quick flood response has been observed, which posted great threat to the flood security of Dongguan City. To evaluate the impact of urbanization on the flood changes of Shigu creek is very important for the flood mitigation of Shigu creek, which will provide insight for flood planners and managers for if to build a larger flood mitigation system. In this paper, the Land cover/use changes of Shigu creek from 1987–2015 induced by urbanization was first extracted from a local database, then, the Liuxihe model, a physically based distributed hydrological model, is employed to simulate the flood processes impacted by urbanization. Precipitation of 3 storms was used for flood processes simulation. The results show that the runoff coefficient and peak flow have increased sharply.

scholarly journals Hydrological Performance of Green Roof Systems: A Numerical Investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Yeob Kim ◽  
Wooyoung Na ◽  
Changhyun Jun ◽  
Hyungjoon Seo ◽  
Yongmin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Peak Discharge ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Roof System ◽  
Future Work

Green roof systems could help reduce peak discharge and retain rainwater in urban areas. The objective of this study was to investigate the hydrological behavior of a green roof system by using the SEEP/W model. The rainfall-runoff relationship within the green roof system was simulated and the results were compared with actual data from a test bed for green roof systems to verify the applicability of SEEP/W. Then, the verified SEEP/W model was used to simulate the green roof system by varying four factors (soil type, rainfall intensity, substrate depth, and green roof slope) to explore the hydrological performance through the peak discharge to rainfall intensity (PD/RI) ratio and the rain water retention rate. The results show that the model presents slightly faster and greater peak time and peak discharge values, respectively, as compared to the observational data. This is attributed to the vegetation conditions in the real green roof system. However, it is also shown that the SEEP/W model can be used to design green roof systems and evaluate their hydrological behavior because of its modeling efficiency. Thus, the SEEP/W model can be used to reliably design and manage green roof systems by further considering the vegetation conditions and water flow dynamics. Furthermore, it would be desirable to consider additional factors, such as vegetation and an insulating pebble layer, in the design and management of green roofs in future work.

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