scholarly journals Filter properties of seam material from paved urban soils

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 2625-2657
Author(s):  
T. Nehls ◽  
G. Jozefaciuk ◽  
Z. Sokolowska ◽  
M. Hajnos ◽  
G. Wessolek
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Natural Soils ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Heavy Metal Transport

Abstract. We studied pavement seam material. This is the soil substrate in joints of pervious pavements in urban areas. It is mostly 1 cm thick and develops from the original seam filling by depositions of all kinds of urban residues, including anthropogenic organic substances. It was investigated, how this unique form of organic matter influences the filter properties of seam material and how the seam material influences heavy metal transport through the pavement. The seam material is characterised by a darker munsell colour, higher organic carbon content, higher surface areas, higher cation exchange capacities, but a lower fraction of high adsorption energy sites compared to the original seam filling. The deposited anthropogenic organic matter itself could be characterised as particulate and non-polar. Compared to natural soils, it has a small surface area and a low surface charge density resulting in a small cation exchange capacity of only 75 cmol(+) kg−1C. The seam material shows stronger sorption of Pb and Cd compared to the original construction sand. The retardation capacity of seam material towards Pb is similar, towards Cd it is much smaller compared to natural soils. The simulated long term displacement scenarios for a street in Berlin do not indicate an acute contamination risk for Pb. For Cd the infiltration from ponds can lead to a displacement of Cd during only one decade.

Soil fertility changes in the long-term experimental plots at Kybybolite, South Australia. III. Changes in cation exchange capacity and exchangeable cations

1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Russell
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Upward Movement ◽  
Exchangeable Calcium ◽  
Exchange Complex

Changes in the cation exchange complex are one of the secondary effects arising out of the increasing organic matter content of soils, due to the influence of phosphorus fertilizers on leguminous pastures. Analysis of solonetzic soils from the long-term Kybybolite P plots indicates that there is a close relation between organic matter increase and increases in cation exchange capacity. For each increase of 0.1 % soil nitrogen, there has been a corresponding increase of 3.48 m-equiv.jl00 g in cation exchange capacity. Associated with these changes there have been increases in the level of exchangeable calcium and exchangeable hydrogen. Changes in exchangeable calcium appear related to the amount and form of fertilizer or amendment applied. Where little calcium has been added, the increase in cation exchange capacity has been satisfied almost entirely by hydrogen, and base saturation has decreased. There appears to have been little upward movement of metal cations from the lower horizons to the surface by plants, possibly owing to the species involved, or to the intractable nature of the B horizon. The possible effects of changes in the cation exchange complex on plant growth are discussed. Also, the possibility of maintaining base saturation on infertile soils where cation exchange capacity is being increased, is examined.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Methods for the Determination of Cation Exchange Capacity of Soils/Porównanie Metod Oznaczania Pojemności Wymiany Kationów I Sumy Kationów Wymiennych W Glebach

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawid Jaremko ◽  
Dorota Kalembasa
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Barium Chloride ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic Carbon Content

Abstract The object of this study was to compare the results obtained with four methods of determination of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and sum of exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K) in soils. One of these methods is Kappen’s method and the others methods are based on different extracting reagents: sodium acetate (pH = 8.2), barium chloride and hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride. Values measured with barium ions and hexaamminecobalt(III) ions as index cations are very comparable and these two methods can be considered as equivalent. Kappen’s method gives overestimated results, especially for acid soils reach in organic matter and very calcareous soils. Sodium acetate, buffering the pH of the extracting solution, causes increase of numbers of negatively charged sites and particularly those bonded to organic matter and for this reason values obtained with this method are overestimated. Nevertheless, it is possible to correct this error for a given soil sample by regression equation considering pH of soil, clay and organic carbon content.

CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITIES AND SURFACE AREAS OF HUMIC GLEYSOLIC Ap HORIZONS FROM SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. EVANS
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
A Value

Thirty-four samples from the Ap horizons of heavy-textured Orthic Humic Gleysols (Typic Haplaquolls) were sampled in southwestern Ontario. Surface areas of the soils ranged from 79–223 m2/g and multiple regression analysis indicated that the surface area of the clay fractions was 207 m2/g and that of the organic matter 805 m2/g. Approximately 74% of the variability in cation exchange capacity could be attributed to their clay and organic C contents at pH 4 and about 86% at pH 8. A value of 181 meq/100 g was calculated as the cation exchange capacity of organic matter at pH 4 and of 316 meq/100 g at pH 8. Mean cation exchange capacities at pH 4 were 20.3 meq/100 g and 31.6 meq/100 g at pH 8.

Loss of soil organic matter following cultivation of long-term pasture: effects on major exchangeable cations and cation exchange capacity

Soil Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Curtin ◽  
P. M. Fraser ◽  
M. H. Beare
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Exchangeable Cation ◽  
C Stocks

Cultivation of grassland is known to lead to the depletion of soil organic matter (SOM), but the effect on the size and composition of the exchangeable cation suite has not been documented. We measured cation exchange capacity (CEC) and exchangeable cations (calcium, Ca; magnesium, Mg; potassium, K; sodium, Na), as well as soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) (0–7.5, 7.5–15, and 15–25 cm), 8 years after conversion of long-term ryegrass–white clover pasture (grazed by sheep) to annual crop production. The trial was near Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand. The trial included three tillage treatments: crops established using intensive cultivation (mouldboard ploughing), minimum tillage (shallow cultivation, ~10 cm), or no-tillage. The 8-year rotation was barley, wheat, pea, barley, pea, barley, barley, barley. A sheep-grazed pasture was maintained as an experimental control. The experiment also included a permanent fallow treatment (maintained plant-free using herbicides; not cultivated). After 8 years under arable cropping, soil C stocks (0–25 cm) were 10 t ha–1 less, on average, than under pasture. The vertical distribution of soil organic matter (SOM) was affected by tillage type, but the total amount of organic matter in the top 25 cm did not differ (P > 0.05) among the tillage treatments. Under permanent fallow (C loss of 13 t ha–1 relative to pasture), total exchangeable cation (Ca + Mg + K +Na) equivalents declined by 47 kmolc ha–1, a 20% decrease compared with pasture. Loss of exchange capacity resulted in the selective release of cations with lower affinity for SOM (K, Na, Mg). Smaller losses of exchangeable cations were recorded under the arable cropping rotation (average 31 kmolc ha–1), with no differences among tillage treatments. Effective CEC (at field pH) decreased under permanent fallow and cultivated treatments because of: (1) depletion of SOM (direct effect); and (2) soil acidification, which eliminated some of the remaining exchange sites (indirect effect). Acidification in the permanent fallow can be attributed to the N mineralisation process, whereas in the cropped systems, excess cation removal in harvested straw and grain accounted for about half of the measured acidification. There was evidence that the organic matter lost under arable cropping and fallow had lower CEC than SOM as a whole.

scholarly journals Influence of long-term mineral fertilization on metal contents and properties of soil samples taken from different locations in Hesse, Germany

SOIL ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Czarnecki ◽  
R.-A. Düring
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Metal Contents

Abstract. Essential and non-essential metals occur in soils as a result of weathering, industrial processes, fertilization, and atmospheric deposition. Badly adapted cultivation of agricultural soils (declining pH value, application of unsuitable fertilizers) can enhance the mobility of metals and thereby increase their concentrations in agricultural products. As the enrichment of metals in soils occurs over long time periods, monitoring of the long-term impact of fertilization is necessary to assess metal accumulation in agricultural soils. The main objective of this study was to test the effects of different mineral fertilizer variations on soil properties (pH, Corg, and cation exchange capacity (CEC)) and pseudo-total and mobile metal contents of soils after 14 years of fertilizer application and to determine residual effects of the fertilization 8 years after cessation of fertilizer treatment. Soil samples were taken from a field experiment which was carried out at four different locations (210, 260, 360, and 620 m above sea level) in Hesse, Germany. During the study, a significant decrease in soil pH and an evident increase in soil carbon content and cation exchange capacity with fertilization were determined. The CEC of the soils was closely related to their organic C contents. Moreover, pseudo- and mobile metal (Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn) contents in the soils increased due to application of 14 years of mineral fertilizer treatments (N, P, NP, and NPK) when compared to control plots. Eight years after termination of the fertilization in the soil samples taken from soil profiles of the fertilized plots (NPK) for monitoring the residual effects of the fertilizer application, a decrease of 82.6, 54.2, 48.5, 74.4, and 56.9% in pseudo-total Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn contents, respectively, was determined.

scholarly journals Spatial variability of fertility status in soils of Dima Hasao district of Assam

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-374
Author(s):  
A. BASUMATARY ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Critical Limit ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
High Organic Carbon Content

Two hundred fifty geo-referenced surfaces (0-15 cm) soil samples were collected and analysed for macronutrients and micronutrients to study fertility status in soils of Dima Hasao district of Assam and their relationship with some important soil properties. Soils of the district were found to be extremely acidic to slightly acidic in reaction with a low to high organic carbon content and low in cation exchange capacity. The soil of the district indicated that the available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium status was observed to the tune of 14.0 %,7.2% and 67.2% under low and 86.0 %, 92.8 % and 32.8 %under medium categories, respectively. The overall percent deficient of exchangeable calcium, magnesium and available sulphur in soils was 25.6, 30.4 and 6.8 %, respectively. Based on critical limit, all soils were adequately supplied with DTPA-extractable Fe, Mn and Cu content. In respect of zinc and boron, soils exhibited 90.4 and 73 per cent under sufficient, while, 2.4 and 12 per cent were found deficient in DTPA -Zn and HWS-B, respectively. Soil pH and EC showed positive correlation with macro nutrients and negative correlation with micronutrients. The macro- and micronutrient showed significant positive relation with soil organic carbon and cation exchange capacity.

scholarly journals Volume‐related quantification of organic carbon content and cation exchange capacity of macropore surfaces in Bt horizons

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Leue ◽  
Daniel Uteau ◽  
Stephan Peth ◽  
Steffen Beck‐Broichsitter ◽  
Horst H. Gerke
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic Carbon Content

Cation exchange capacity of loess and overlying soil in the non-carbonate loess sections, North-Western Croatia

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Tomašić ◽  
Štefica Kampić ◽  
Iva Cindrić ◽  
Kristina Pikelj ◽  
Mavro Lučić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
Loess Soil ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Oxalate Extraction ◽  
North Western

AbstractThe adsorption properties in terms of cation exchange capacity and their relation to the soil and sediment constituents (clay minerals, Fe-, Mn-, and Al-oxyhydroxides, organic matter) were investigated in loess, soil-loess transition zone, and soil at four loess-soil sections in North-Western Croatia. Cation exchange capacity of the bulk samples, the samples after oxalate extraction of Fe, Mn and Al, and after removal of organic matter, as well as of the separated clay fraction, was determined using copper ethylenediamine. Cation exchange capacity (pH∼7) of the bulk samples ranges from 5 to 12 cmolc/kg in soil, from 7 to 15 cmolc/kg in the soil-loess transition zone, and from 12 to 20 cmolc/kg in loess. Generally, CEC values increase with depth. Oxalate extraction of Fe, Mn, and Al, and removal of organic matter cause a CEC decrease of 3–38% and 8–55%, respectively, proving a considerable influence of these constituents to the bulk CEC values. In the separated clay fraction (<2 μm) CEC values are up to several times higher relative to those in the bulk samples. The measured CEC values of the bulk samples generally correspond to the clay mineral content identified. Also, a slight increase in muscovite/illite content with depth and the vermiculite occurrence in the loess horizon are concomitant with the CEC increase in deeper horizons, irrespective of the sample pretreatment.

The Impact of Plant Hedgerow in Three Gorges on the Soil Chemicophysical Properties and Soil Erosion

2012 ◽  
Vol 500 ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Xing Lü ◽  
Hong Jiang Zhang ◽  
Yu He Wu ◽  
Jin Hua Cheng ◽  
Jian Qiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Three Gorges ◽  
Zanthoxylum Bungeanum ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Through the research and sampling analysis on different plant hedgerow in sloped farmland in Three Gorges reservoir area, we will conduct research on the impact of plant hedgerow in Three Gorges on the chemicophysical properties of soil and soil erosion. The results show that the plant hedgerow mainly composed by Morus alba, Citrus reticulata, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Vitex negundoand Begonia fimbristipula can decrease the soil density as well as sand content and increase soil porosity, soil water content, silt content and clay content to some extent. The organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and cation exchange capacity and other chemical indices of soil in different locations in plant hedgerow indicate as maximum in on-band, minimum in inter-band, middle both upper-band and below-band. In the same slop with no plant hedgerow, the organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and cation exchange capacity and other chemical indices of soil show a trend of increasing from the top to the bottom of the slop, which reveals that these substances own a feature of accumulation by moving to the bottom. The strength of soil anti-corrosion in different plant hedgerow is: Vitex negundoand (79.2%)> Citrus reticulata (36.4%)> Morus alb (22.4%)> Zanthoxylum bungeanum (18.9%)> Begonia fimbristipula (15.3%)> CK (8.7%), and the soil anti-corrosion indices in plant hedgerow are decreasing with the increase of soil immersion time, besides, the former and the latter are 3 times polynomial function. For those 5 plant hedgerows, Vitex negundoand owns the best impact on improving soil chemicophysical properties and reducing soil erosion.

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