scholarly journals A New Approach for Documentation, Conservation and Preservation of the Monolithic Statues in San Agustín as Pilot for Outdoor Cultural Heritage Documentation in Colombia

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-5 ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
A. Estela ◽  
J. Hamacher
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Models ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

The "Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia" (ICANH) started a new conservation project for the "San Agustín Archaeological Park" (Huila, Colombia) in 2013. The objectives of this project are the documentation, conservation, and preservation of the numerous monolithic statues mainly by integrating the use of new technologies (3D models). A first phase of the project has been completed, resulting in three-dimensional models of 66 of the monolithic sculptures in San Agustín. The methodology developed in this first phase will show the way for other heritage sites in Colombia and for subsequent phases applied to the archaeological park. The 3D data has been obtained using two types of data acquisition technology: the Mantis Vision F5 using infrared structured-light (SL) and a laser scanner based on the phase shift (PS) technology, the Z+F Imager 5010. The results show that future phases need improvement in data acquisition. Mainly the data obtained with the hand held scanner shows many lacunae. This article presents the observations during data processing on the basis of one sculpture, "Escultura 23". In conclusion, this first phase showed where to improve for the succeeding ones, for instance the detail of the meshes need to be increased if the models are to be used for detailed conservation and preservation purposes.

scholarly journals Hybrid 3D Models: When Geomatics Innovations Meet Extensive Built Heritage Complexes

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filiberto Chiabrando ◽  
Giulia Sammartano ◽  
Antonia Spanò ◽  
Alessandra Spreafico
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Mobile Mapping System ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Topographic Surveys

This article proposes the use of a multiscale and multisensor approach to collect and model three-dimensional (3D) data concerning wide and complex areas to obtain a variety of metric information in the same 3D archive, which is based on a single coordinate system. The employment of these 3D georeferenced products is multifaceted and the fusion or integration among different sensors’ data, scales, and resolutions is promising, and it could be useful in the generation of a model that could be defined as a hybrid. The correct geometry, accuracy, radiometry, and weight of the data models are hereby evaluated when comparing integrated processes and results from Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS), Mobile Mapping System (MMS), Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), and terrestrial photogrammetry, while using Total Station (TS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) for topographic surveys. The entire analysis underlines the potentiality of the integration and fusion of different solutions and it is a crucial part of the ‘Torino 1911’ project whose main purpose is mapping and virtually reconstructing the 1911 Great Exhibition settled in the Valentino Park in Turin (Italy).

An Acquisition and Display Method for Multi-View 3D Models

2014 ◽  
Vol 1078 ◽  
pp. 341-344
Author(s):  
Ji Chang Long ◽  
Wei Hua Ma ◽  
Chun Lin Shen
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
3D Display ◽  
Stereoscopic Displays ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Final Adjustment ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Application Programs ◽  
General Method

Based on the technology of OpenGL and DirectX Wrapper, this paper designs and implements a new general method of data collection and display for the existing three-dimensional models using in multi-view 3D display system. Firstly, by using the technology of OpenGL/DirectX Wrapper, it obtains the application information such as the models, calls and associated data. Secondly, it sends the information to all rendering nodes. Then, according to the multi-view system projection array number and expected angle threshold parameter, each rendering node does the final adjustment and calibration on the obtained information sequentially for multi-view image rendering. Finally, each node transmits corresponding viewpoint image rendered by themselves to the projection equipment, and displays stereo images through 3D device synchronously. This method can be applied to all application programs based on OpenGL or DirectX Library. It is a general method for collecting and displaying multi-view 3D data sources. Experimental results show that this method is of high acquisition and rendering process, the image quality is the same as the source and stereoscopic displays strong. It has a wide range of applications and research value in the field of Engineering.

scholarly journals Amphitheater of Volterra: Case Study for the Representation of Excavation Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-281
Author(s):  
Carlo Battini ◽  
Elena Sorge
Keyword(s):  
Structure From Motion ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Digital Projection

The work presented wants to show how different techniques of expeditious relief can be combined together in order to better describe the subject studied. Techniques of digital projection as laser scanner, topography and Structure from Motion can be used simultaneously and interact with each other to create a rich database of colorimetric and metrics information. Methodologies that, at the same time, present the peculiarities and errors of peculiar relief of the technology employed.The case study examined in this type of research is the discovery of the amphitheater of Volterra. Discovered in July 2015 during the phases of reclamation of a stream, is located close to Porta Diana and a few hundred meters from the Roman Theater discovered in the last century. An excavation campaign undertaken Between October and November 2015 has allowed us to bring to light the crests of the supporting walls of the structure, revealing the presence of the three orders and a depth of about ten meters.The step of post processing has finally seen the use of three-dimensional models acquired both for the creation of images metrics necessary to the study of the stratigraphic units, both for studying a mobile application, 3D models and data of the excavation, easy to use for transmitting the information collected.  

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF UAVS PERFORMANCE FOR A ROMAN AMPHITHEATRE SURVEY: THE CASE OF AVELLA (ITALY)

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W11 ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Barba ◽  
M. Barbarella ◽  
A. Di Benedetto ◽  
M. Fiani ◽  
M. Limongiello
Keyword(s):  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Remote Sensors ◽  
Ground Control Points ◽  
Panoramic Images ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
The Cost

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In the field of archaeological surveying, remote sensors and especially photogrammetric and laser scanner systems are widely used to create 3D models. The use of photogrammetric surveying with UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles), combined with Computer Vision algorithms, allows the building of three-dimensional models, characterized by photo-realistic textures. The choice of which method to use mainly depends on the complexity of the investigated site, the accuracy requirements and the available budget and time. The different components of the UAV system determine its characteristics in terms of performance and accuracy, therefore define its quality and the cost too. This study presents an assessment of the accuracy of point clouds derived by two UAV systems, a commercial quadcopter (DJI Phantom 3 Professional), a professional assembled hexacopter, and by a TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanner) in order to compare photogrammetric and laser scanner data for archaeological applications. In this paper, we present a case study to compare and analyse the metric accuracy of the point clouds and the distribution of the GCPs (Ground Control Points). This accuracy assessment will serve to quantify the uncertainty in the absolute position of the GCPs, identified on the panoramic images in the absence of artificial targets. Executed experiments showed that in tested UAVs, the choice of the GCPs has significant impact on point cloud accuracy. Estimated absolute accuracy of point clouds collected during both test flights was better than 5&amp;thinsp;cm.</p>

Defining Best 3D Practices in Archaeology

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Galeazzi ◽  
Holley Moyes ◽  
Mark Aldenderfer
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Stereo Matching ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Dense Stereo Matching ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
3D Documentation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Data Acquisition And Processing

AbstractThis research aims to investigate the potential use of three-dimensional (3D) technologies for the analysis and interpretation of heritage sites. This article uses different 3D survey technologies to find the most appropriate methods to document archaeological stratigraphy, based on diverse environmental conditions, light exposures, and varied surfaces. The use of 3D laser scanners and dense stereo matching (DSM) techniques is now well established in archaeology. However, no convincing comparisons between those techniques have been presented. This research fills this gap to provide an accurate data assessment for the Las Cuevas site (Belize) and represents a starting point for the definition of a sharable methodology. Tests in Las Cuevas were conducted to compare both accuracy and density reliability in cave environments using two different techniques: triangulation light laser scanner and DSM. This study finds that DSM is the most economical, portable, and flexible approach for the 3D documentation of archaeological sites today. In fact, DSM allows the 3D documentation process to be done more efficiently, reducing both data acquisition and processing time. Nonetheless, the quantitative comparison presented in this paper underscores the need to integrate this technique with other technologies when the data acquisition of micro-stratigraphy is required.

scholarly journals TIMESTAMP OFFSET DETERMINATION BETWEEN AN ACTUATED LASER SCANNER AND ITS CORRESPONDING MOTOR

2017 ◽  
Vol IV-1/W1 ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Voges ◽  
C. S. Wieghardt ◽  
B. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Slam Algorithm ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Motor actuated 2D laser scanners are key sensors for many robotics applications that need wide ranging but low cost 3D data. There exist many approaches on how to build a 3D laser scanner using this technique, but they often lack proper synchronization for the timestamps of the actuator and the laser scanner. However, to transform the measurement points into three-dimensional space an appropriate synchronization is mandatory. Thus, we propose two different approaches to accomplish the goal of calculating timestamp offsets between laser scanner and motor prior to and after data acquisition. Both approaches use parts of a SLAM algorithm but apply different criteria to find an appropriate solution. While the approach for offset calculation prior to data acquisition exploits the fact that the SLAM algorithm should not register motion for a stationary system, the approach for offset calculation after data acquisition evaluates the perceived clarity of a point cloud created by the SLAM algorithm. Our experiments show that both approaches yield the same results although operating independently on different data, which demonstrates that the results reflect reality with a high probability. Furthermore, our experiments exhibit the significance of a proper synchronization between laser scanner and actuator.

scholarly journals TOWARDS THE ENHANCEMENT OF "MINOR" ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W3 ◽  
pp. 503-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Morandi ◽  
M. Tremari ◽  
A. Mandelli
Keyword(s):  
Hydroelectric Plant ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

The research is an analysis of the recording, reconstruction and visualisation of the 3D data of a XVIII century watermill, identified in an emergency archaeological excavation during the construction of the mini-hydroelectric plant on the bank of the Adda river in the municipality of Pizzighettone (Cremona, Lombardy, Italy). <br><br> The work examines the use and the potentials of modern digital 3D modelling techniques applied to archaeological heritage aimed to increase the research, maintenance and presentation with interactive products. The use of three-dimensional models managed through AR (Augmented Reality) and VR (Virtual Reality) technologies with mobile devices gives several opportunities in the field of study and communication. It also improves on-site exploration of the landscape, enhancing the “minor” archaeological sites, daily subjected to numerous emergency works and facilitating the understanding of heritage sites.

Handheld Laser Scanner Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 952 (10) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
A.V. Komissarov ◽  
A.V. Remizov ◽  
M.M. Shlyakhova ◽  
K.K. Yambaev
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Site Survey ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
The Stability

The authors consider hand-held laser scanners, as a new photogrammetric tool for obtaining three-dimensional models of objects. The principle of their work and the newest optical systems based on various sensors measuring the depth of space are described in detail. The method of simultaneous navigation and mapping (SLAM) used for combining single scans into point cloud is outlined. The formulated tasks and methods for performing studies of the DotProduct (USA) hand-held laser scanner DPI?8X based on a test site survey are presented. The accuracy requirements for determining the coordinates of polygon points are given. The essence of the performed experimental research of the DPI?8X scanner is described, including scanning of a test object at various scanner distances, shooting a test polygon from various scanner positions and building point cloud, repeatedly shooting the same area of the polygon to check the stability of the scanner. The data on the assessment of accuracy and analysis of research results are given. Fields of applying hand-held laser scanners, their advantages and disadvantages are identified.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Digital Models of Objects of Cultural Heritage Obtained by the “3D SLS” and “SfM” Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5321
Author(s):  
Marcin Barszcz ◽  
Jerzy Montusiewicz ◽  
Magdalena Paśnikowska-Łukaszuk ◽  
Anna Sałamacha
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
3D Digitisation

In the era of the global pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus, 3D digitisation of selected museum artefacts is becoming more and more frequent practice, but the vast majority is performed by specialised teams. The paper presents the results of comparative studies of 3D digital models of the same museum artefacts from the Silk Road area generated by two completely different technologies: Structure from Motion (SfM)—a method belonging to the so-called low-cost technologies—and by Structured-light 3D Scanning (3D SLS). Moreover, procedural differences in data acquisition and their processing to generate three-dimensional models are presented. Models built using a point cloud were created from data collected in the Afrasiyab museum in Samarkand (Uzbekistan) during “The 1st Scientific Expedition of the Lublin University of Technology to Central Asia” in 2017. Photos for creating 3D models in SfM technology were taken during a virtual expedition carried out under the “3D Digital Silk Road” program in 2021. The obtained results show that the quality of the 3D models generated with SfM differs from the models from the technology (3D SLS), but they may be placed in the galleries of the vitrual museum. The obtained models from SfM do not have information about their size, which means that they are not fully suitable for archiving purposes of cultural heritage, unlike the models from SLS.

scholarly journals Improving 3D-3D facial registration methods: potential role of three-dimensional models in personal identification of the living

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Gibelli ◽  
Andrea Palamenghi ◽  
Pasquale Poppa ◽  
Chiarella Sforza ◽  
Cristina Cattaneo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
3D Registration ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Point Distance ◽  
Male Subjects

AbstractPersonal identification of the living from video surveillance systems usually involves 2D images. However, the potentiality of three-dimensional facial models in gaining personal identification through 3D-3D comparison still needs to be verified. This study aims at testing the reliability of a protocol for 3D-3D registration of facial models, potentially useful for personal identification. Fifty male subjects aged between 18 and 45 years were randomly chosen from a database of 3D facial models acquired through stereophotogrammetry. For each subject, two acquisitions were available; the 3D models of faces were then registered onto other models belonging to the same and different individuals according to the least point-to-point distance on the entire facial surface, for a total of 50 matches and 50 mismatches. RMS value (root mean square) of point-to-point distance between the two models was then calculated through the VAM® software. Intra- and inter-observer errors were assessed through calculation of relative technical error of measurement (rTEM). Possible statistically significant differences between matches and mismatches were assessed through Mann–Whitney test (p < 0.05). Both for intra- and inter-observer repeatability rTEM was between 2.2 and 5.2%. Average RMS point-to-point distance was 0.50 ± 0.28 mm in matches, 2.62 ± 0.56 mm in mismatches (p < 0.01). An RMS threshold of 1.50 mm could distinguish matches and mismatches in 100% of cases. This study provides an improvement to existing 3D-3D superimposition methods and confirms the great advantages which may derive to personal identification of the living from 3D facial analysis.

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