scholarly journals Study of City Landscape Heritage Using Lidar Data and 3d-City Models

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-7/W3 ◽  
pp. 1395-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Rubinowicz ◽  
K. Czyńska
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
City Development ◽  
3D City Models ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
The City ◽  
City Models

In contemporary town planning protection of urban landscape is a significant issue. It regards especially those cities, where urban structures are the result of ages of evolution and layering of historical development process. Specific panoramas and other strategic views with historic city dominants can be an important part of the cultural heritage and genius loci. Other hand, protection of such expositions introduces limitations for future based city development. Digital Earth observation techniques creates new possibilities for more accurate urban studies, monitoring of urbanization processes and measuring of city landscape parameters. The paper examines possibilities of application of Lidar data and digital 3D-city models for: a) evaluation of strategic city views, b) mapping landscape absorption limits, and c) determination protection zones, where the urbanization and buildings height should be limited. In reference to this goal, the paper introduces a method of computational analysis of the city landscape called Visual Protection Surface (VPS). The method allows to emulate a virtual surface above the city including protection of a selected strategic views. The surface defines maximum height of buildings in such a way, that no new facility can be seen in any of selected views. The research includes also analyses of the quality of simulations according the form and precision of the input data: airborne Lidar / DSM model and more advanced 3D-city models (incl. semantic of the geometry, like in CityGML format). The outcome can be a support for professional planning of tall building development. Application of VPS method have been prepared by a computer program developed by the authors (C++). Simulations were carried out on an example of the city of Dresden.

scholarly journals Application of Lidar Data and 3D-City Models in Visual Impact Simulations of Tall Buildings

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-7/W3 ◽  
pp. 1359-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Czyńska
Keyword(s):  
Large City ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
3D City Models ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Visual Impact ◽  
City Models

The paper examines possibilities and limitations of application of Lidar data and digital 3D-city models to provide specialist urban analyses of tall buildings. The location and height of tall buildings is a subject of discussions, conflicts and controversies in many cities. The most important aspect is the visual influence of tall buildings to the city landscape, significant panoramas and other strategic city views. It is an actual issue in contemporary town planning worldwide. Over 50% of high-rise buildings on Earth were built in last 15 years. Tall buildings may be a threat especially for historically developed cities – typical for Europe. Contemporary Earth observation, more and more available Lidar scanning and 3D city models are a new tool for more accurate urban analysis of the tall buildings impact. The article presents appropriate simulation techniques, general assumption of geometric and computational algorithms – available methodologies and individual methods develop by author. The goal is to develop the geometric computation methods for GIS representation of the visual impact of a selected tall building to the structure of large city. In reference to this, the article introduce a Visual Impact Size method (VIS). Presented analyses were developed by application of airborne Lidar / DSM model and more processed models (like CityGML), containing the geometry and it’s semantics. Included simulations were carried out on an example of the agglomeration of Berlin.

scholarly journals Building Virtual 3D City Model for Smart Cities Applications: A Case Study on Campus Area of the University of Novi Sad

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dušan Jovanović ◽  
Stevan Milovanov ◽  
Igor Ruskovski ◽  
Miro Govedarica ◽  
Dubravka Sladić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
3D City Models ◽  
3D City Model ◽  
City Model ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
The University ◽  
The City ◽  
City Models

The Smart Cities data and applications need to replicate, as faithfully as possible, the state of the city and to simulate possible alternative futures. In order to do this, the modelling of the city should cover all aspects of the city that are relevant to the problems that require smart solutions. In this context, 2D and 3D spatial data play a key role, in particular 3D city models. One of the methods for collecting data that can be used for developing such 3D city models is Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), a technology that has provided opportunities to generate large-scale 3D city models at relatively low cost. The collected data is further processed to obtain fully developed photorealistic virtual 3D city models. The goal of this research is to develop virtual 3D city model based on airborne LiDAR surveying and to analyze its applicability toward Smart Cities applications. It this paper, we present workflow that goes from data collection by LiDAR, through extract, transform, load (ETL) transformations and data processing to developing 3D virtual city model and finally discuss its future potential usage scenarios in various fields of application such as modern ICT-based urban planning and 3D cadaster. The results are presented on the case study of campus area of the University of Novi Sad.

scholarly journals Geoarchaeological Characterisation of Sites of Iberian and Roman Cordoba Using LiDAR Data Acquisitions

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Monterroso-Checa
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
National Geographic ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Diachronic Analysis ◽  
The City ◽  
Historic Cities

The National Geographic Institute of Spain (IGN) carried out a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) flight for the entire region of Andalusia between 2013 and 2014, which completed the general LiDAR acquisitions obtained for all of Spain since 2010. Recently, successive updates of orthoimages of Spain and Andalusia have also been acquired. This geographic documentation allows several applications for the aerial detection of archaeological sites. In recent years, numerous discoveries have been made in Spain, especially in non-built-up areas located outside urban enclaves. Less attention, however, has been paid to the use of this geographical information in historic cities because, apparently, they do not preserve their historical micro relief. This study analyses the city of Cordoba (southern Spain) by processing LiDAR data of the Plan Nacional de Ortofotografía Aérea (PNOA-LiDAR). Digital Surface Models (DSM) obtained for the entire city, in combination with geological and archaeological records, provide evidence of the geomorphological reconstruction of the city in ancient times. Using Cordoba as an example, the main purpose of this article is to highlight the fact that LiDAR data are also useful for the diachronic analysis of ancient urban structures buried some metres deep in current historic cities.

scholarly journals Computing and monitoring potential of public spaces by shading analysis using 3d lidar data and advanced image analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-7/W3 ◽  
pp. 743-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zwolinski ◽  
M. Jarzemski
Keyword(s):  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Data Types ◽  
3D City Models ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Computer Environment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
3D Lidar ◽  
City Models

The paper regards specific context of public spaces in “shadow” of tall buildings located in European cities. Majority of tall buildings in European cities were built in last 15 years. Tall buildings appear mainly in city centres, directly at important public spaces being viable environment for inhabitants with variety of public functions (open spaces, green areas, recreation places, shops, services etc.). All these amenities and services are under direct impact of extensive shading coming from the tall buildings. The paper focuses on analyses and representation of impact of shading from tall buildings on various public spaces in cities using 3D city models. Computer environment of 3D city models in cityGML standard uses 3D LiDAR data as one of data types for definition of 3D cities. The structure of cityGML allows analytic applications using existing computer tools, as well as developing new techniques to estimate extent of shading coming from high-risers, affecting life in public spaces. These measurable shading parameters in specific time are crucial for proper functioning, viability and attractiveness of public spaces – finally it is extremely important for location of tall buildings at main public spaces in cities. The paper explores impact of shading from tall buildings in different spatial contexts on the background of using cityGML models based on core LIDAR data to support controlled urban development in sense of viable public spaces. The article is prepared within research project 2TaLL: Application of 3D Virtual City Models in Urban Analyses of Tall Buildings, realized as a part of Polish-Norway Grants.

scholarly journals City urban design in a free market economy: The case of Ljubljana, Slovenia

Spatium ◽  
2002 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Kaliopa Dimitrovska-Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
City Centre ◽  
City Development ◽  
Design Quality ◽  
The City

A recent rapid political and economic changes in many eastern European countries demand corresponding changes in the town planning system, and especially in the development control and urban management process. For instance, at a present many historic city and town cores still remain relatively intact in their original form, but have become the target for development pressure. How should this pressure be channeled to achieve enhancement of the urban qualities of those areas (especially barracks and old factory sites), without jeopardising their competitiveness for attracting business and employment. This paper discusses the outcomes of research carried out at the Urban Planning Institute of the Republic of Slovenia from 1995 to 1998, on the development of appropriate methods for the appraisal and promotion of design quality in relation to economic viability in city development projects especially for an urban renewal. The elements for the assessment of urban design quality derive from the basic principles of good urban design such as identity, permeability, legibility visual appropriateness, robustness, visual and symbolic richness, amongst others. The simplified computerised model for assessing financial viability is based on building costs and market value of the investment, and shows the profitability of the development. It can be a useful tool in both assessing design viability, and for determining extra profit or ?planning gain? in the planning process negotiations such ?surplus? can be used for satisfying local needs (e.g. additional programs, design of public spaces). This method for appraisal and promotion of design quality in relation to economic viability has been examined through an assessment of the competition projects for the renewal of the Rog factory area in the city centre of Ljubljana. This case study has revealed the need for a clear strategy for future city development, with marketing guidance and policies for positive planning to achieve better vitality and viability for the city as a whole. Subsequently, the research examined successful initiatives for the promotion of urban design on a national and local level of the planning process identifying the most important issues affecting city design in the market economy, such as partnership arrangements, joint ventures and city-entrepreneurs. The paper briefly discusses: salient features of the current planning system in Slovenia and the on-going changes relating to the new approaches to town planning; the proposed method for appraisal and promotion of design quality and economic viability of urban environment; the results of the examination of this method applied to a case study - the renewal of an industrial site in the city centre of Ljubljana.

IMPACT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROCESSES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF RAINIS PARK IN LIEPAJA UNTIL WORLD WAR II

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Silvija Ozola
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
City Development ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
The Republic

In the 19th century, a special attention was devoted to arrangement of Libava urban environment. Public gardens were created. At the beginning of mass culture, a new urban landscape conception got into focus of artistic attention. In the Republic of Latvia, physically and mentally competent living environment for a person developed. Green urban structures were improved. Public activities in Rainis Park were expanded. The object of the research – Rainis Park's functional and visual changes in Liepaja. Research problem – Rainis Park's architectural spatial and functional changes caused by sociopolitical processes have not been sufficiently studied. Research novelty – Rainis Park's spatial and functional structure is analyzed in the context of city development. The goal of the research – to determine the most typical changes in Rainis Park's historical plan and visual image. Main methods applied – this study is based on analysis of archive documents, projects and cartographic materials of urban planning, as well as study of published literature and inspection of buildings in nature. 

scholarly journals On the Reliable Generation of 3D City Models from Open Data

Urban Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Renoy Girindran ◽  
Doreen S Boyd ◽  
Julian Rosser ◽  
Dhanya Vijayan ◽  
Gavin Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Open Source ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
3D City Models ◽  
City Models

A 3D model communicates more effectively than a 2D model, hence the applications of 3D city models are rapidly gaining significance in urban studies. However, presently, there is a dearth of free of cost, high-resolution 3D city models available for use. This paper offers potential solutions to this problem by providing a globally replicable methodology to generate low-cost 3D city models from open source 2D building data in conjunction with open satellite-based elevation datasets. Two geographically and morphologically different case studies were used to develop and test this methodology: the Chinese city of Shanghai and the city of Nottingham in the UK. The method is based principally on OpenStreetMap (OSM) and Advanced Land Observing Satellite World 3D digital surface model (AW3D DSM) data and use GMTED 2010 DTM data for undulating terrain. Further enhancement of the resultant 3D model, though not compulsory, uses higher resolution elevation models that are not always open source, but if available can be used (i.e., airborne LiDAR generated DTM). Further we test and develop methods to improve the accuracy of the generated 3D models, employing a small subset of high resolution data that are not open source but can be purchased with a minimal budgets. Given these scenarios of data availability are globally applicable and time-efficient for 3D building generation (where 2D building footprints are available), our proposed methodology has the potential to accelerate the production of 3D city models, and thus to facilitate their dependent applications (e.g., disaster management) wherever commercial 3D city models are unavailable.

scholarly journals Versioning of 3D City Models for Municipality Applications: Needs, Obstacles and Recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Helen Eriksson ◽  
Lars Harrie
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Work Processes ◽  
Version Management ◽  
3D City Models ◽  
Building Permits ◽  
Substantial Investment ◽  
City Model ◽  
The City ◽  
Model Layer ◽  
City Models

The use of 3D city models is changing from visualization to complex use cases where they act as 3D base maps. This requires links to registers and continuous updating of the city models. Still, most models never change or are recreated instead of updated. This study identifies obstacles to version management of 3D city models and proposes recommendations to overcome them, with a main focus on the municipality perspective, foremost in the planning and building processes. As part of this study, we investigate whether national building registers can control the version management of 3D city models. A case study based on investigations of standards, interviews and a review of tools is presented. The study uses an architectural model divided into four layers: data collection, building theme, city model and application. All layers require changes when implementing a new versioning method: the data collection layer requires restructuring of technical solutions and work processes, storage of the national building register requires restructuring, versioning capabilities must be propagated to the city model layer, and tools at the application layer must handle temporal information better. Strong incentives for including versioning in 3D city models are essential, as substantial investment is required to implement versioning in all the layers. Only capabilities required by applications should be implemented, as the complexity grows with the number of versioning functionalities. One outcome of the study is a recommendation to link 3D city models more closely to building registers. This enables more complex use in, e.g., building permits and 3D cadastres, and authorities can fetch required (versioning) information directly from the city model layer.

MUSEUM AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL COMPLEXES IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE CITY AS A NEW TREND OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Olga A. ANTYUFEEVA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Deep Penetration ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Museum Architecture ◽  
The City

The development of museum and archaeological complexes as public spaces of modern megacities is a new trend of urban development. Beginning the second half of the 20th century, the museum architecture experienced a great transformation. Increasing the level of openness, both to society and to urban space, predetermined the formation of a new scenario for museum activities and a new planning structure. Deep penetration into the environment, a high level of interactivity of modern museums have contributed to the creation of new urban structures - museum neighborhoods and other spatial museum entities. The current trend in the development of modern museums is the increase in the number of so-called environmental museums created on the basis of museum specific monuments, which are the most visited among the total number of museums. These cultural complexes, representing the urban artistic environment, have become part of the public center of the city and set new goals for architectural and town planning development. From the architecture of the museum temple to the new look of the “museum as a city” - such is the transformation of modern museum architecture. The paper analyzes various examples of new forms of exhibiting objects of the archaeological heritage in an urban environment as part of public spaces.

scholarly journals Historic urban landscape: an approach for sustainable management in Cuenca (Ecuador)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Rey-Perez ◽  
María Eugenia Siguencia Ávila
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
City Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology developed on the basis of the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) notion applied for the city of Cuenca in Ecuador. The identification of cultural values – among all the actors involved in the city – draws up a series of sustainable urban development strategies. Design/methodology/approach This methodology is based on the city analysis from the local community and multiple disciplines such as geomorphology, environment, urban planning, historic cartography, architecture, archaeology, anthropology, and economy. Further qualitative data collection methods included 16 workshops with 168 citizens, specific surveys, mapping, and on-site observations. The challenge of this methodology is not only its implementation in the world heritage city of Cuenca in Ecuador, but also the integration of the management of the historic centre within the overall city development plan. Findings The application of the HUL concept has allowed the identification of a series of strategies for the urban development where the points of view coming from different stakeholders were gathered. The project reveals the existence of values and attributes, so far overlooked in the actual heritage management system. In addition, a Geographic Information System database has been created with all the information related to Cuenca with the possibility of making it available for the community in the future. Research limitations/implications The project has been developed within one year with scarce economic resources: that is the reason why the planned activities took longer than expected. Social implications Social participation has played a key role in the development of the project. Originality/value This research process in Cuenca has led to its incorporation as a Latin-American pilot city for a programme developed by the World Heritage Institute of Training and Research for the Asia and the Pacific Region.

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