scholarly journals Development of high-resolution multi-scale modelling system for simulation of coastal-fluvial urban flooding

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Comer ◽  
Agnieszka Indiana Olbert ◽  
Stephen Nash ◽  
Michael Hartnett
Keyword(s):  
Moving Boundary ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Scale Modelling ◽  
Modelling System

Abstract. Urban developments in coastal zones are often exposed to natural hazards such as flooding. In this research, a state-of-the-art, multi-scale nested flood (MSN_Flood) model is applied to simulate complex coastal-fluvial urban flooding due to combined effects of tides, surges and river discharges. Cork city on Ireland's southwest coast is a study case. The flood modelling system comprises a cascade of four dynamically linked models that resolve the hydrodynamics of Cork Harbour and/or its sub-region at four scales: 90, 30, 6 and 2 m. Results demonstrate that the internalization of the nested boundary through the use of ghost cells combined with a tailored adaptive interpolation technique creates a highly dynamic moving boundary that permits flooding and drying of the nested boundary. This novel feature of MSN_Flood provides a high degree of choice regarding the location of the boundaries to the nested domain and therefore flexibility in model application. The nested MSN_Flood model through dynamic downscaling facilitates significant improvements in accuracy of model output without incurring the computational expense of high spatial resolution over the entire model domain. The urban flood model provides full characteristics of water levels and flow regimes necessary for flood hazard identification and flood risk assessment.

scholarly journals Development of high-resolution multi-scale modelling system for simulation of coastal-fluvial urban flooding

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Indiana Olbert ◽  
Joanne Comer ◽  
Stephen Nash ◽  
Michael Hartnett
Keyword(s):  
Moving Boundary ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Scale Modelling ◽  
Modelling System

Abstract. Urban developments in coastal zones are often exposed to natural hazards such as flooding. In this research, a state-of-the-art, multi-scale nested flood (MSN_Flood) model is applied to simulate complex coastal-fluvial urban flooding due to combined effects of tides, surges and river discharges. Cork City on Ireland’s southwest coast is a study case. The flood modelling system comprises of a cascade of four dynamically linked models that resolve the hydrodynamics of Cork Harbour and/or its sub region at four scales 90 m, 30 m, 6 m and 2 m. Results demonstrate that the internalisation of the nested boundary through a use of ghost cells combined with a tailored adaptive interpolation technique creates a highly dynamic moving boundary that permits flooding and drying of the nested boundary. This novel feature of MSN_Flood provides a high degree of choice regarding the location of the boundaries to the nested domain and therefore flexibility in model application. The nested MSN_Flood model through dynamic downscaling facilitates significant improvements in accuracy of model output without incurring the computational expense of high spatial resolution over the entire model domain. The urban flood model provides full characteristics of water levels and flow regimes necessary for flood hazard identification and flood risk assessment.

scholarly journals GIS-Based Urban Flood Resilience Assessment Using Urban Flood Resilience Model: A Case Study of Peshawar City, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1864
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tayyab ◽  
Jiquan Zhang ◽  
Muhammad Hussain ◽  
Safi Ullah ◽  
Xingpeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Coping Capacity ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Very High

Urban flooding has been an alarming issue in the past around the globe, particularly in South Asia. Pakistan is no exception from this situation where urban floods with associated damages are frequently occurring phenomena. In Pakistan, rapid urbanization is the key factor for urban flooding, which is not taken into account. This study aims to identify flood sensitivity and coping capacity while assessing urban flood resilience and move a step toward the initialization of resilience, specifically for Peshawar city and generally for other cities of Pakistan. To achieve this aim, an attempt has been made to propose an integrated approach named the “urban flood resilience model (UFResi-M),” which is based on geographical information system(GIS), remote sensing (RS), and the theory of analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The UFResi-M incorporates four main factors—urban flood hazard, exposure, susceptibility, and coping capacity into two parts, i.e., sensitivity and coping capacity. The first part consists of three factors—IH, IE, and IS—that represent sensitivity, while the second part represents coping capacity (ICc). All four indicators were weighted through AHP to obtain product value for each indicator. The result showed that in the Westzone of the study area, the northwestern and central parts have very high resilience, whereas the southern and southwestern parts have very low resilience. Similarly, in the East zone of the study area, the northwest and southwest parts have very high resilience, while the northern and western parts have very low resilience. The likelihood of the proposed model was also determined using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method; the area under the curve acquired for the model was 0.904. The outcomes of these integrated assessments can help in tracking community performance and can provide a tool to decision makers to integrate the resilience aspect into urban flood management, urban development, and urban planning.

scholarly journals Assessment of Community Vulnerability to Different Types of Urban Floods: A Case for Lishui City, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 7865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quntao Yang ◽  
Shuliang Zhang ◽  
Qiang Dai ◽  
Rui Yao
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Urban Floods ◽  
Flood Vulnerability ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Indicator Method ◽  
Comprehensive Method ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hydrometeorological Conditions

Urban flooding is a severe and pervasive hazard caused by climate change, urbanization, and limitations of municipal drainage systems. Cities face risks from different types of floods, depending on various geographical, environmental, and hydrometeorological conditions. In response to the growing threat of urban flooding, a better understanding of urban flood vulnerability is needed. In this study, a comprehensive method was developed to evaluate the vulnerability of different types of urban floods. First, a coupled urban flood model was built to obtain the extent of influence of various flood scenarios caused by rainfall and river levee overtopping. Second, an assessment framework for urban flood vulnerability based on an indicator method was used to evaluate the vulnerability in different flood hazard scenarios. Finally, the method was applied to Lishui City, China, and the distribution and pattern of urban flood vulnerability were studied. The results highlight the spatial variability of flooding and the vulnerability distributions of different types of urban floods. Compound floods were identified to cause more severe effects in the urban areas.

scholarly journals Review article: A review and critical analysis of the efforts towards urban flood risk management in the Lagos region of Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. C. Nkwunonwo ◽  
M. Whitworth ◽  
B. Baily
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Urban Flood

Abstract. Urban flooding has been and will continue to be a significant problem for many cities across the developed and developing world. Crucial to the amelioration of the effects of these floods is the need to formulate a sound flood management policy, which is driven by knowledge of the frequency and magnitude of impacts of these floods. Within the area of flood research, attempts are being made to gain a better understanding of the causes, impacts, and pattern of urban flooding. According to the United Nations office for disaster reduction (UNISDR), flood risk is conceptualized on the basis of three integral components which are frequently adopted during flood damage estimation. These components are: probability of flood hazard, the level of exposure, and vulnerabilities of elements at risk. Reducing the severity of each of these components is the objective of flood risk management under the UNISDR guideline and idea of “living with floods”. On the basis of this framework, the present research reviews flood risk within the Lagos area of Nigeria over the period 1968–2012. During this period, floods have caused harm to millions of people physically, emotionally, and economically. Arguably over this period the efforts of stakeholders to address the challenges appear to have been limited by, amongst other things, a lack of reliable data, a lack of awareness amongst the population affected, and a lack of knowledge of flood risk mitigation. It is the aim of this research to assess the current understanding of flood risk and management in Lagos and to offer recommendations towards future guidance.

scholarly journals Methodology for the construction of an urban flood hazard chart

RBRH ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rejane Cristina Siqueira ◽  
Priscilla Macedo Moura ◽  
Talita Fernanda das Graças Silva
Keyword(s):  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Accumulated Rainfall ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Precipitation Events

ABSTRACT Flood events are one of the major causes of economic loss and the loss of life worldwide. Unfortunately, their occurrence has become increasingly more frequent and of greater magnitude. In order to minimize the population’s exposure to danger, it is necessary to invest in tools that aid in the decision-making process related to urban drainage management. The present work proposes a methodology for the construction of a Flood Hazard Chart for urban watersheds. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was applied to the Cachoeirinha Watershed (Belo Horizonte, Brazil). The model was calibrated and validated using precipitation data and water levels recorded in monitoring stations located in the study area. The Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficients for the calibration and validation were 0.72 and 0.70, respectively. The performance of the model was satisfactory, although the model was not able to represent the more intense rain events that led to emergency and overflow warnings. Modeling results allowed the construction of the hazard chart, which defined hazard ranges or warning levels of hazard as a function of accumulated rainfall and duration. The constructed graph was assessed from real precipitation events and proved to be valid, since most events corresponded with the defined warning levels in the chart. The Flood Hazard Chart proposed in this research is a valuable tool for flood risk management as it has the potential to reduce exposure to flood disasters.

The development of a multi-scale modelling system for evaluation of urban NOx levels in Modena (Italy)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Veratti ◽  
Sara Fabbi ◽  
Alessandro Bigi ◽  
Aurelia Lupascu ◽  
Gianni Tinarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Traffic Emissions ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Scale Modelling ◽  
Traffic Site ◽  
The City ◽  
Modelling System

<p><span>In </span><span>order to support environmental policies, epidemiological studies and urban mobility planning, a multi-scale modelling system was developed to provide hourly NO</span><sub><span>x </span></sub><span>(NO + NO</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>) concentration fields at a building-resolving scale in the urban area of Modena, a city in the middle of the Po Valley (Italy). </span><span>The modelling system relied on two different models: the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem), which is able to compute concentration fields over regional domain by considering specific emission scenarios, and Parallel Micro SWIFT SPRAY (PMSS), a Lagrangian particle model accounting for dispersion phenomena within the urban area. PMSS was used to simulate at building-scale resolution the NO</span><sub><span>x </span></sub><span>dispersion produced by urban traffic flows in the city of Modena. Conversely, WRF-Chem was selected to estimate the NO</span><sub><span>x  </span></sub><span>background concentrations over three nested domains with resolution of 15, 3 and 1 km in order to take into account emissions both at regional and local scale by excluding traffic emissions sources over the city of Modena. </span><span>The estimation of traffic emissions in the urban area of Modena</span> <span>was based on a bottom-up approach relying on the Emission Factors suggested by the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP/EEA) and traffic fluxes estimated by the PTV VISUM model. By contrast, other anthropogenic emissions were taken from the TNO-MACC III inventory at the scales resolved by the WRF-Chem model. </span></p><p><span>Simulation was performed between 28 October and 8 November 2016, the same period whereby a direct vehicle flow measurement campaign was carried out continuously, with 4 Doppler radar counters in a four-lane road in Modena, </span><span>to reproduce the hourly modulation rates of the emissions</span><span>. </span><span>The performances of the model chain were finally assessed by comparing modelled NO</span><sub><span>x </span></sub><span>concentrations with observations at two air quality monitoring stations located inside the urban domain. </span></p><p><span>Simulated and observed NO</span><sub><span>x </span></sub><span>hourly concentrations exhibit a large agreement, in particular for urban traffic site where detailed traffic emissions estimation (real traffic modulation combined with a bottom-up approach) proved to be very successful in reproducing the observed NO</span><sub><span>x </span></sub><span>pattern. At the urban background station, notwithstanding a general underestimation of the observed concentrations (more pronounced than at the urban traffic site), the analysis of hourly daily modelled concentrations shows that PMSS combined with WRF-Chem provided a daily pattern in line with observations. </span>These features highlight the strength of this modelling chain in representing urban air quality, in particular at traffic sites, whose concentration levels make them the most critical area of the city; characteristics that chemical transport models alone cannot express, due to the coarser resolution to which they operate and to their inability to reproduce street canyons and urban structures.</p>

scholarly journals Predicting Accurate Urban Flooding from Nuisance Flows to Major Disasters

10.29007/81mt ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noemi Gonzalez-Ramirez ◽  
Fernando Nardi ◽  
James S. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Building Roof ◽  
Building Collapse ◽  
Storm Drain

Two-dimensional flood models are becoming increasing more accurate in simulating surface water flooding. Concurrently flood hazard maps have higher resolution to support flood mitigation planning. Most flood studies focus on large river flooding (~ 100-yr flood), but in urban areas, emergency access and evacuation routes are needed for frequent rainfall and flood events (< 10-yr return periods). Urban flooding is more complex than river margin flooding and requires significantly more model detail to accurate access risk and hazard for frequent storms. Urban flooding is an event characterized by its frequent repetitive and systematic impact on population and urban infrastructure. Detailed urban flood inundation is now being performed with spatially and temporally variable rainfall and infiltration, channel and street flow, hydraulic structures, surface water storm drain exchange, building loss of storage and flow obstruction, building collapse, levee/wall overtopping and collapse, groundwater flow, sediment scour/deposition and mudflows. In residential neighborhoods, shallow flooding is controlled by streets, buildings, walls and storm drain facilities. Several flood model details and their impact on shallow flooding are discussed including spatially variable storm intensities on pervious and impervious surfaces, surface water exchange with limited storm drain system capacity, and building roof runoff. Several predictive strategies are highlighted to simulate flooding from nuisance flows to major disasters.

scholarly journals 1D-2D MODELING OF URBAN FLOODS AND RISK MAP GENERATION FOR THE PART OF HYDERABAD CITY

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-5 ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Rangari ◽  
R. Gonugunta ◽  
N. V. Umamahesh ◽  
A. K. Patel ◽  
C. M. Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Flood Inundation ◽  
Urban Floods ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
Risk Maps

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Space for water is now becoming guiding principle of urban planning because urban flooding is the major problem facing by most of the cities in India. Urban development in developing countries like India usually occurs with high population concentrating in small areas, with poor drainage conditions. People occupy floodplain areas in low flood years and when larger flood occurs it causes high damage. The origin for urban floods is floodplains encroachment and unplanned drainage systems. Complexities in the urban environment and drainage infrastructure have an inherent influence on surface runoff. This runoff generates urban flooding which poses challenges to modeling urban flood hazard and risk. As like in river flooding satellite images are not available for unban flooding scenario. So better modelling provides minimizing loss of life and property. The present study focuses on recognizing the highly effected areas which are liable to flooding when extreme rainfall occurs for part of Hyderabad city (Zone XIII). The entire Hyderabad city is divided into 16 zones and each zone having details of existing drain network. A coupled 1D-2D flood modelling approach is used to identify flood prone areas and develop flood inundation and flood risk maps. 1D model for pilot area is developed using storm water management model (SWMM) and coupled with 2D PCSWMM. A web based GIS platform INPPINS is used to geo reference the existing network details and exported to 1D SWMM model. The model is simulated for extreme flood event occurred in past. The simulation run results identifies overflowing drainage nodes and flood inundation maps and risk maps prepared. The flood risk maps identify the low lying areas which need immediate attention in case of emergency. The overflowing nodes suggest the need of improvement of drainage in the area to safely dispose of the storm water and minimize the flooding.</p>

Multi-scale modelling of woven carbon fibre reinforced epoxy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Szabo ◽  
Radu Negru ◽  
Alexandru-Viorel Coşa ◽  
Liviu Marşavina ◽  
Dan-Andrei Şerban
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Scale Modelling
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