scholarly journals Assessment of building damages and adaptation options under extreme flood scenarios in Shanghai

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiachang Tu ◽  
Jiahong Wen ◽  
Liang Emlyn Yang ◽  
Andrea Reimuth ◽  
Stephen S. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Average Annual Loss ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
Flood Losses ◽  
Adaptation Options

Abstract. Plenty of various measures have been taken to mitigate flood losses in Shanghai over thousands of years, including the construction of sea dikes and floodwalls. However, the combined effects of intensified rainstorms, sea-level rise, land subsidence, and rapid urbanization are exacerbating extreme flood risks and potential flood losses in the fast-developing coastal city. In light of these changes, this article presents an assessment of possible exposure and damage losses of buildings in Shanghai (including residential, commercial, workplace, and industrial buildings). Based on extreme flood scenarios caused by storm surges, precipitation, and fluvial floods, current flood-defence standards will soon be overtaken. Further analyses show that the inundation area could reach 9 %, 16 %, 24 %, and 49 % of Shanghai (excluding the area of islands) under the 1/200, 1/500, 1/1000, and 1/5000-year flooding scenarios, respectively. This study finds, in terms of the total building damage, the 1/5000-year flood scenario damage is more than ten times the 1/200-year flood scenario. Accordingly, the average annual loss (AAL) of residential, commercial, office, and industrial buildings are 13.9, 2.3, 5.3, and 3.9 million USD. Specifically, among the 15 (non-island) districts in Shanghai, Pudong has the highest exposure and AAL at all the four flood scenarios, while the inner city (including seven districts) is also subject to extreme AAL of up to 40 % of its total building values. This study further addresses the possibilities of these extreme flood scenarios, and adaptation options such as: strategic urban planning, advanced building protections, and systematic flood management. Conclusions of the study provide information for scenario-based decision making and cost-benefit analysis for extreme flood risk management in Shanghai and is applicable to other similar coastal megacities.

scholarly journals Determination of Optimal Meshness of Sewer Network Based on a Cost–Benefit Analysis

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1090
Author(s):  
Julian D. Reyes-Silva ◽  
Ana C.N.B. Frauches ◽  
Karen L. Rojas-Gómez ◽  
Björn Helm ◽  
Peter Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Pluvial Flooding

Urban pluvial flooding occurs when the capacity of sewer networks is surcharged due to large amounts runoff produced during intense rain events. Rapid urbanization processes and changes in climate increase these events frequency. Effective and sustainable approaches for the reduction in urban floods are necessary. Although several gray, green and hybrid measures have been studied, the influence of network structure on flood occurrence has not yet been systematically evaluated. This study focuses on evaluating how different structures of a single urban drainage network affect flood volumes and their associated damages. Furthermore, a cost–benefit analysis is used to determine the best network structure. As a case study, a sewer subnetwork in Dresden, Germany was selected. Scenarios corresponding to different layouts are developed and evaluated using event-wise hydrodynamic simulation. The results indicate that more meshed structures are associated with lower flood volumes and damage. Moreover, all analyzed scenarios were identified as cost-effective, i.e., the benefits in terms of flood damage reduction outweighed the costs related to pipe installation, operation and maintenance. However, a predominantly branched structure was identified as the best scenario. The present approach may provide a new cost-effective solution that can be integrated into the development of different mitigation strategies for flood management.

scholarly journals Forest succession, management and the economy under a changing climate: coupling economic and forest management models to assess impacts and adaptation options

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Lantz ◽  
Galen McMonagle ◽  
Chris Hennigar ◽  
Chinmay Sharma ◽  
Patrick Withey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Timber Supply ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Adaptation Options

Abstract Climate change is expected to have significant impacts on forests by affecting the successional dynamics of tree species and the performance of plantations, among others. Research is needed to better understand how these factors will affect forests and economies in different regions, and how we can best adapt. To shed some light on these issues, we couple an economic (Computable General Equilibrium) model with a forest management (Woodstock) model to analyze the potential climate change impacts and adaptation options on timber supply and the economy over the 2015-95 period in a case-study province of New Brunswick, Canada. We estimate that climate change may have relatively large negative impacts on softwood timber supply (at 26% by 2095), softwood forestry & logging sector output quantity (at 12% by 2095), and softwood-dependent forestry manufacturing sector output (ranging from 6% to 27% by 2095). Negative impacts on GDP may be relatively smaller (at up to a 0.33% reduction by 2095). Adapting to these climate-related changes by planting drought-resistant softwood seedlings or hardwood seedlings in place of failed softwood plantations can reduce these negative impacts. While the former adaptation option is supported using cost-benefit analysis, the latter is not – due to the large incremental costs of growing, planting, and tending hardwood seedlings. Methods developed in this study can be applied in other regions to help guide decision-making around forest management in the face of a changing climate.

scholarly journals Economic analysis of ecosystem based adaptation and engineering options: A case study from Udayapur, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Dinesh Chandra Devkota ◽  
Kamal Thapa ◽  
Bhaskar Kharki
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
High Benefit ◽  
Adaptation Options

Ecosystem services are vital to our well-being as they directly or indirectly support our survival and quality of life. But, the growing impact of climate change diminishes the benefit from ecosystem services. Therefore, identifying possible applicable adaptation options are inevitable to reduce the effect of climate change. The present research is based on a case study of Ksedi River watershed, Ajgada Village in Udaypur district of Nepal. The study demonstrates the comparison between different options to deal with flood and make a sound decision, based on economic rationale for long-term benefits. The present study compares ecosystem based adaptation options with engineering options using cost benefit analysis in order to protect village from flooding. Through stakeholder and expert consultations, ecosystem based adaptation options and economic options that are feasible in the village and catchment to mitigate the floods were listed. Economic analysis of these options and the different combinations were done using cost benefit analysis. Analysis was carried out for each of the different combination of options. Focus on ecosystem based adaptation options provide high benefit to cost return in terms of avoided damages and considering engineering options efficient in flood and erosion control in initial stage in spite of its high cost. The study suggests that reforestation in upland forest areas; plantation along riverbed and management of rangeland should be prioritized. Similarly, preparation of flood model, flood height damage curve and flood vulnerable maps specific to the site will help decision makers to implement site specific adaptation options.

scholarly journals Integrating social, economic, and environmental risk into flood management of aging dam infrastructure by combining cost-benefit and multi-criteria decision analyses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyndi V. Castro ◽  
Hanadi S. Rifai
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Pollutant Dispersion ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Trade Offs

Abstract. Management planning for aging dam infrastructure is typically conducted through the lens of a traditional cost-benefit analysis, in which flood characteristics are related to implementation costs while lacking endogenous consideration of environmental risks (i.e., pollutant dispersion, habitat disruption) and social impacts (i.e., vulnerability, community buy-in, hazard resiliency). To address this gap, we integrate cost-benefit ratios into a spatial multi-criterion decision analysis framework that amalgamates a suite of social and environmental criteria with stakeholder-defined weights and inundation outputs from standard flood control modelling. We use this framework to assess the costs and trade-offs for eight (8) alternative mitigation strategies associated with the Addicks and Barker Reservoir System in Houston, Texas, USA under extreme rainfall conditions. This case study illustrates how the total effectiveness of flood management scenarios may shift when flood modelling outputs are combined with spatially distributed environmental and social risks. We merge quantitative and qualitative data for high-risk decision-making, thereby fostering stakeholder collaboration amongst conflicting goals.

scholarly journals Cost-Benefit Analysis of Flood Management, a Case Study of Jammu and Kashmir

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kowser Ali Jan
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio

A disaster wrecks those affected. It spares many in the affected areas, yet those spared may be indirectly impacted. Specific risks are often inherent within a social system or physical location, but they can also be created due to unavoidable natural or technological hazards. The consequences, however, can be similar in that they wreak havoc in communities and destroy economic systems. The analytical framework of deterrence and coping has ascertained beneficial in many circumstances, but a cost benefit calculation is a must to infer the feasibility of planning strategy and resource allocation. This study points to the Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) of flood management by District Disaster Management Kulgam. The assessment is established on secondary pooled data collected from administration offices, NGOs, published Journals, and local and national newspapers. It also characterised the strategy, the technique adopted, and the sources of flood damage cost information. The totalled benefits report for 78686.18 lakh of rupees, and that of total costs account for 2218.75lakh of rupees. The Benefit-Cost ratio greater than one (>1) indicates that Flood Management in District Kulgam was economically feasible and successfully governed. The State of Jammu and Kashmir put up with necessary prevention and administration measures to break the spell of devastation due to floods to significant status.

scholarly journals Economic assessment of climate adaptation options for urban drainage design in Odense, Denmark

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1812-1820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Zhou ◽  
K. Halsnæs ◽  
K. Arnbjerg-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Drainage Design ◽  
Adaptation Options

Climate change is likely to influence the water cycle by changing the precipitation patterns, in some cases leading to increased occurrences of precipitation extremes. Urban landscapes are vulnerable to such changes due to the concentrated population and socio-economic values in cities. Feasible adaptation requires better flood risk quantification and assessment of appropriate adaptation actions in term of costs and benefits. This paper presents an economic assessment of three prevailing climate adaptation options for urban drainage design in a Danish case study, Odense. A risk-based evaluation framework is used to give detailed insights of the physical and economic feasibilities of each option. Estimation of marginal benefits of adaptation options are carried out through a step-by-step cost-benefit analysis. The results are aimed at providing important information for decision making on how best to adapt to urban pluvial flooding due to climate impacts in cities.

scholarly journals A Life-cycle Cost-benefit Analysis for Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems in Lightweight Steel-structured Industrial Buildings

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Xinyi Hu ◽  
Junyu Hu ◽  
Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Lightweight Steel ◽  
Industrial Buildings

There is a widespread consensus that energy efficiency of buildings is an essential component of sustainable development  and several kinds of renewable energy technologies have been widely used to achieve this sustainable goal. As a rapidly developing country, China’s manufacturing industry still occupies a prominent position, with a large number of industrial buildings that are also a crucial part of urban planning. Compared with multi-story and high-rise commercial buildings, large industrial sheds have a much more usable roof area, where rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems are increasingly used. However, due to the small structural margins of the lightweight steel-structured (LSS) industrial buildings and the large initial investment of the thin-film PV system, few case studies are available for this kind of industrial buildings. In this research, three representative cities in China, with varying levels of solar radiation availability, are selected as typical external design factors. Taking a typical LSS industrial building with an added thin-film rooftop PV system as an example, a life-cycle cost-benefit analysis is conducted from environmental and economic aspects. The results of the analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of the rooftop thin-film PV system as a means to increase the energy efficiency of the LSS industrial buildings.

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