scholarly journals A flood geodatabase and its climatological applications: the case of Catalonia for the last century

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Barnolas ◽  
M. C. Llasat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Information System ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Material Damage ◽  
Flood Risk Assessment ◽  
Ne Spain

Abstract. Floods are the natural hazards that produce the highest number of casualties and material damage in the Western Mediterranean. An improvement in flood risk assessment and study of a possible increase in flooding occurrence are therefore needed. To carry out these tasks it is important to have at our disposal extensive knowledge on historical floods and to find an efficient way to manage this geographical data. In this paper we present a complete flood database spanning the 20th century for the whole of Catalonia (NE Spain), which includes documentary information (affected areas and damage) and instrumental information (meteorological and hydrological records). This geodatabase, named Inungama, has been implemented on a GIS (Geographical Information System) in order to display all the information within a given geographical scenario, as well as to carry out an analysis thereof using queries, overlays and calculus. Following a description of the type and amount of information stored in the database and the structure of the information system, the first applications of Inungama are presented. The geographical distribution of floods shows the localities which are more likely to be flooded, confirming that the most affected municipalities are the most densely populated ones in coastal areas. Regarding the existence of an increase in flooding occurrence, a temporal analysis has been carried out, showing a steady increase over the last 30 years.

scholarly journals Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5369
Author(s):  
Rajesh Khatakho ◽  
Dipendra Gautam ◽  
Komal Raj Aryal ◽  
Vishnu Prasad Pandey ◽  
Rajesh Rupakhety ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Hazard Risk ◽  
Urban Fire ◽  
Hazard Risk Assessment

Natural hazards are complex phenomena that can occur independently, simultaneously, or in a series as cascading events. For any particular region, numerous single hazard maps may not necessarily provide all information regarding impending hazards to the stakeholders for preparedness and planning. A multi-hazard map furnishes composite illustration of the natural hazards of varying magnitude, frequency, and spatial distribution. Thus, multi-hazard risk assessment is performed to depict the holistic natural hazards scenario of any particular region. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, multi-hazard risk assessments are rarely conducted in Nepal although multiple natural hazards strike the country almost every year. In this study, floods, landslides, earthquakes, and urban fire hazards are used to assess multi-hazard risk in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is then integrated with the Geographical Information System (GIS). First, flood, landslide, earthquake, and urban fire hazard assessments are performed individually and then superimposed to obtain multi-hazard risk. Multi-hazard risk assessment of Kathmandu Valley is performed by pair-wise comparison of the four natural hazards. The sum of observations concludes that densely populated areas, old settlements, and the central valley have high to very high level of multi-hazard risk.

scholarly journals Application of Geographical Information System Techniques to Determine High Crash-Prone Areas in the Fort Peck Indian Reservation

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-185
Author(s):  
Sahima Nazneen ◽  
Mahdi Rezapour ◽  
Khaled Ksaibati
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Indian Reservation ◽  
Road Segments

Background: Historically, Indian reservations have been struggling with higher crash rates than the rest of the United States. In an effort to improve roadway safety in these areas, different agencies are working to address this disparity. For any safety improvement program, identifying high risk crash locations is the first step to determine contributing factors of crashes and select corresponding countermeasures. Methods: This study proposes an approach to determine crash-prone areas using Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques through creating crash severity maps and Network Kernel Density Estimation (NetKDE). These two maps were assessed to determine the high-risk road segments having a high crash rate, and high injury severity. However, since the statistical significance of the hotspots cannot be evaluated in NetKDE, this study employed Getis-Ord Gi* (d) statistics to ascertain statistically significant crash hotspots. Finally, maps generated through these two methods were assessed to determine statistically significant high-risk road segments. Moreover, temporal analysis of the crash pattern was performed using spider graphs to explore the variance throughout the day. Results: Within the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, some parts of the US highway 13, BIA Route 1, and US highway 2 are among the many segments being identified as high-risk road segments in this analysis. Also, although some residential roads have PDO crashes, they have been detected as high priority areas due to high crash occurrence. The temporal analysis revealed that crash patterns were almost similar on the weekdays reaching the peak at traffic peak hours, but during the weekend, crashes mostly occurred at midnight. Conclusion: The study would provide tribes with the tool to identify locations demanding immediate safety concerns. This study can be used as a template for other tribes to perform spatial and temporal analysis of the crash patterns to identify high risk crash locations on their roadways.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Urban Crime Pattern and its Implication for Abuja Municipal Area Council, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Taiye Oluwafemi Adewuyi ◽  
Patrick Ali Eneji ◽  
Anthonia Silas Baduku ◽  
Emmanuel Ajayi Olofin
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Urban Crime ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Crime Pattern

This study examined the spatio-temporal analysis of urban crime pattern and its implication for Abuja Municipal Area Council of the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria; it has the aim of using Geographical Information System to improve criminal justice system. The aim was achieved by establishing crime incident spots, types of crime committed, the time it occurred and factors responsible for prevailing crime. The methods for data collection involved Geoinformatics through the use of remote sensing and Global Positioning Systems (GPS) for spatial data. Questionnaires were administered for other attribute information required. The analysis carried out in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment especially for mapping and the establishment of spatial patterns.  The results indicated that the main types of crime committed were theft and house breaking (42.9%), followed by assault (12.4%), mischief (11.3%), forgery (10.5%), car snatching (9.05%), armed robbery (8.5%), trespass (5.2%) and culpable homicide (0.2%). In terms of hot spots the districts recorded the following: Garki (27.62%), Maitama (25.7%), Utako (24.3%), Wuse (20.9%) and Asokoro district (1.4%) respectively with most of the crime committed during the day time. Many attributed the crimes to mainly high rate of unemployment and poverty (79.1%). Consequently to reduce the crime rate, the socio-economic situation of the city must be improved through properly constructed interventions scheme in areas known to quickly generate employment such as agriculture, small and medium scale enterprises, mining and tourism. 

scholarly journals Climate Change, Flood Risk Prediction and Acute Gastrointestinal Infection in the Republic of Ireland, 2008-2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Boudou ◽  
Eimear Cleary ◽  
Paul Hynds ◽  
Jean O'Dwyer ◽  
Patricia Garvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Flood Risk Assessment ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
Risk Probability ◽  
The Republic

<p>Environmentally associated infectious diseases, including those driven by extreme weather events, represent a critical challenge for public health as their source and transmission are frequently sporadic and associated mechanisms often not well understood. Over the past decade, the Republic of Ireland (ROI) has persistently reported the highest incidence of confirmed verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) and cryptosporidiosis infection in the European Union. Moreover, recent climate projections indicate that the incidence, severity and timing of extreme rainfall events and flooding will increase dramatically over the next century, with Ireland forecast to be the second most affected European country with respect to the mean proportion of the population residing in flood-prone areas by 2100. This study aimed to assess the association(s) between potential flood risk exposure and the spatial occurrence of confirmed VTEC and cryptosporidiosis infection in Ireland over a 10-year period (2008-2017).</p><p>In 2012, the Irish Office of Public Works (OPW) initiated the National Catchment Flood Risk Assessment and Management (CFRAM) Programme within the framework of the Flood Directive (2007/60/CE), with high-resolution flood maps produced for coastal and fluvial risks and three risk scenarios based on calculated return periods (low, medium and high probability). Small area identifiers (national census area centroids) were used to attach anonymised spatially referenced case data to CFRAM polygons using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to produce an anonymised dataframe of confirmed infection events linked to geographically explicit flood risk attributes. Generalised linear modelling with binary link functions (infection presence/absence) were used to calculate probabilistic odds ratios (OR) between flood risk (presence/absence and scenarios) and confirmed human infection.</p><p>Preliminary results indicate a clear relationship between both infections and hydrological risk. Over one third of all infection cases were reported within areas exposed to flood risk (VTEC 948/2755 cases; cryptosporidiosis 1548/4509 cases). Census areas categorised by a high (10-year Return Period) fluvial flood risk probability exhibited significantly higher incidence rates for both VTEC (OR: 1.83, P = 0.0003) and cryptosporidiosis (OR: 1.80, P = 0.0015). Similarly, areas characterised by low (1000-year Return Period) coastal flood risk probability were over twice as likely to report ≥1 confirmed case of cryptosporidiosis during the study period (OR: 2.2, P= 0.003). Space-time scan statistics (temporally-specific spatial autocorrelation) indicate an unseasonal peak of cryptosporidiosis cases occurring during April 2016, a majority of which took place within or adjacent to high flood risk areas (56% of total cases), revealing a potential relationship with the exceptional flooding events experienced during winter 2015-2016 (November-January). Further work will seek to identify the individual/combined flood risk (CFRAM) elements most significantly associated with the incidence of infections.</p><p>Flood risk assessment mapping may represent an innovative approach to assessing the human health impacts of flood risk exposure and climate change. The outcomes of this study will contribute to predictive modelling of VTEC and cryptosporidiosis in Ireland, thus aiding surveillance and control of these diseases in the future, and the causative nature of regional hydrology and climate.   </p>

scholarly journals INFORMATION SYSTEM FRAMEWORK FOR INTEGRATED RISK ASSESSMENT FROM NATURAL DISASTERS

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W4 ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Velev ◽  
P. Zlateva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Information System ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Heterogeneous Databases ◽  
Stochastic Methods ◽  
Integrated Risk Assessment ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Integrated Risk

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In recent years around the world, and in particular in Bulgaria, there is a reported increase in the number and intensity of disasters caused by natural phenomena. An increase is observed in the adverse effects of disasters on social relations, economic growth and sustainable development of the country. The purpose of the paper is to propose a general framework of information system for integrated risk assessment from natural disasters with the help of modern information and communication technologies. Innovative and classical techniques (quantitative and qualitative approaches, deterministic and stochastic methods, intelligent methods as fuzzy logic and neural networks, etc.) are applied in the overall process of the risk assessment (IEC/ISO 31010:2009): risk identification (identification of single and multiple natural disasters), risk analysis (determination of the disaster probability/intensity; interdependence of multiple disasters; exposure; object vulnerabilities; social, ecological and economical consequences) and risk evaluation. The information system is designed on the principle of modules which implement interaction with geographical information system (GIS) and heterogeneous databases containing information about the monitored objects and potential natural disasters in Bulgaria. The information system will use cloud computing and online network for exchange of heterogeneous databases and expertise for the risks from natural disasters. The proposed information system could successfully assist all stakeholders about risk assessment of the monitored objects before, during or after the occurrence of natural disasters. This system could be considered as a unified platform for interdisciplinary research concerning natural disasters.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document