scholarly journals Study of soil erosion risks using RUSLE Model and remote sensing: case of the Bouregreg watershed (Morocco)

2020 ◽  
Vol 383 ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
Fatima Hara ◽  
Mohammed Achab ◽  
Anas Emran ◽  
Gil Mahe
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Average Annual Rate ◽  
The North ◽  
Spatial Distribution Map ◽  
North Western ◽  
Very High ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. The Bouregreg watershed is located to the north-western center of Morocco, characterized by a semi-arid climate. It covers a total area of approximately 10 000 km2. This basin is a very sensitive area to water erosion. This causes the degradation of its vegetation cover and its land. The most sensitive and poorly protected soils erode much more easily and lose their fertility.The objective of this work is to quantify soil losses by water erosion in the Bouregreg watershed using the Revised Universal Loss Equation (RUSLE) and Geographic Information Systems. The average annual rate of soil erosion in the Bouregreg watrershed are estimated at 20 t ha−1 yr−1. The spatial distribution map of soil erosion show that 71 % of the total area has low risk of soil erosion (<3 t ha−1 yr−1), while 28 % of the study area shows moderate to high risk of erosion (20–60 t ha−1 yr−1). Areas of very high risk of erosion are also present in some sectors of the watershed covering 1 % of the total surface.

scholarly journals Flood risk spatial index analysis in the coastal Pekalongan, Central Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 06028
Author(s):  
Ratna Mustika Anindita ◽  
Indah Susilowati ◽  
Fuad Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Spatial Index ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
High Level ◽  
Spatial Distribution Map ◽  
Very High ◽  
Level Of Risk

The North coast of Java is increasingly exposed to flood risks due to land subsidence and climate change, resulting in sea-level rise. This paper developed a flood risk spatial index model in the coastal Pekalongan. The model was systematically arranged from various flood risk indicators related to the social, economic, and environment of coastal Pekalongan based on surveys and interviews with the communities and regional governments. These indicators are then integrated into hazard and vulnerability as components of risk. Using the index system method and ArcGIS, the risk index is classified into five levels (very high, high, medium, low, very low) and generated into a flood risk spatial distribution map. We found that the risk in the study area varies between a medium to a very high level of risk. The very high level of risk was located in Tratebang, Pecakaran, and Tegaldowo Village. A risk spatial distribution map can be used to evaluate potential risks and flood mitigation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Shallow Tillage on Soil Erosion in a Semi-Arid Vineyard

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Novara ◽  
Giovanni Stallone ◽  
Artemio Cerdà ◽  
Luciano Gristina
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Strip Tillage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Tillage Erosion

Soil erosion has been considered a threat for semi-arid lands due to the removal of solid materials by water and wind. Although water erosion is currently considered the most important process of soil degradation, a growing interest has been drawn to the impact of soil tillage. Although numerous studies on tillage erosion have been carried out on arable land using a moldboard plow, a chisel, and a tandem disc for different crops, there are no studies on the effect of shallow tillage on soil redistribution in vineyards. The aim of this work was to evaluate the soil tillage erosion rate in a vineyard using a 13C natural abundance tracer. A strip of soil (C3-C soil) was removed, mixed with C4-C tracer, and replaced. After the installation of the strip, tillage (upslope in one inter-row and downslope in the other inter-row) was performed with a cultivator and soil was collected along the slope with an interval of 0.2 m from the C4-C strip. Soil organic carbon and δ13C were measured and the total mass of translocated soil (T) soil was calculated. The net effect of tillage after two consecutive operations (downslope and upslope tillage) was a T of 49.3 ± 4.2 kg m−1. The estimated annual erosion rate due to tillage in the studied vineyard was 9.5 ± 1.2 Mg ha−1year−1. The contribution of the soil tillage erosion rate was compared with that of water erosion in the same vineyard, and we conclude that tillage is a threat to soil degradation.

scholarly journals The vegetation of lateritic crusts in Northwestern Benin (Atakora region)

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Robert Sieglstetter ◽  
Rüdiger Wittig ◽  
Karen Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Herbaceous Layer ◽  
Class V ◽  
Shrub Layer ◽  
The North ◽  
Shallow Soils ◽  
North Western ◽  
Very High

Most of the grass savannas on lateritic crusts found in the North-Western of Benin are free of trees and a shrub layer is only sparsely developed. The only constant member of the shrub layer is Terminalia laxiflora. Intermediate constancy show Entada africana and Annona senegalensis. With regard to the herbaceous layer two types can be identified: On very shallow soils (<2 cm) Loudetia togoensis is highly constant and often dominating. The same is true for Andropogon pseudapricus on soils of a little bit more than 2 cm. In those types, Lepidagathis anobrya and Spermacoce filifolia show very high constancy (constancy class V) and Cyanotis lanata and Melliniella micrantha occur with high constancy (IV).

scholarly journals COMPARAISON DES RESULTATS DE L’APPROCHE PAP/CAR ET LE MODELE USLE DANS LA CARTOGRAPHIE ET L’ESTIMATION QUALITATIVE DE L’EROSION HYDRIQUE DANS LE BASSIN VERSANT DE L’OUED AMLIL, (PRERIF - MAROC).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hili Aiman ◽  
Yahia El Khalki ◽  
Hanane Reddad ◽  
Jaouad Gartet ◽  
Mohamed Abahrour
Keyword(s):  
Action Plan ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Intense Rainfall ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Natural Data ◽  
Bassin Versant ◽  
Very High

Este trabajo presenta los resultados de nuestro estudio sobre la cartografía y la estimación de la erosión del agua utilizando dos tipos de métodos. El primero es el del PAP/RAC 1998 que actúa en el marco del Plan de Acción para el Mediterráneo (PAM) del PNUMA, el segundo es el del modelo empírico de WISCHMEIER y SMITH 1978 (USLE).En la cuenca del Oued Amlil (153,7 km²) situada al noroeste de Taza (noreste de Marruecos) se dan todas las condiciones para que se desencadene y se acelere la erosión hídrica, las formaciones litológicas margosas blandas e impermeables (71,5%), una cobertura vegetal muy limitada (13,2%) y unas precipitaciones agresivas e intensas. El análisis de los datos naturales de la cuenca por el método PAP/CAR ha identificado cinco tipos principales de erosión (erosión muy alta 23%, erosión alta 48%, la clase de erosión significativa representa el 22%, 6% y 1% para las clases de erosión baja y muy baja respectivamente. Luego, las pérdidas de suelo fueron estimadas por el método USLE, los resultados obtenidos permiten identificar sectores a escala de cuenca donde las pérdidas tienen valores altos de 62.3% (alto riesgo entre 66 y 102 t/ha/año (34%), y muy altos (26.2%) entre 102 y 355.6 t/ha/año) This work presents the results of our study on mapping and estimating water erosion using two types of methods. The first is that of PAP/RAC 1998 acting within the framework of the UNEP Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP), the second is that of the empirical model of WISCHMEIER and SMITH 1978 (USLE). In the catchment area of the Oued Amlil (153.7 km²) located to the North-West of Taza (North-East Morocco), all the conditions for triggering and accelerating water erosion are present, soft and impermeable marl lithological formations (71.5%), very limited vegetation cover (13.2%), and aggressive and intense rainfall. The analysis of the natural data of the watershed by the PAP/CAR method has identified five main types of erosion (very high erosion 23%, high erosion 48%, notable erosion class represents 22%, 6% and 1% for low and very low erosion classes respectively. Then, soil losses were estimated by the USLE method, the results obtained allow the identification of sectors at the basin scale where the losses have high values 62.3% (high risk between 66 and 102 t/ha/year (34%), and very high (26.2%) between 102 and 355.6 t/ha/year). Le présent travail expose les résultats de notre étude concernant la cartographie et l’estimation de l’érosion hydrique selon deux types de méthodes. La première, est celle de PAP/CAR 1998 agisse dans le cadre du Plan d'action pour la Méditerranée (PAM) du PNUE, la seconde est celle du modèle empirique de WISCHMEIER et SMITH 1978 (USLE). Dans le bassin versant de l’Oued Amlil (153.7 km²) situé au Nord-Ouest de Taza (Nord-Est du Maroc), toutes les conditions de déclenchement et d’accélération de l’érosion hydrique sont présentent, des formations lithologiques marneuses tendres et imperméables (71.5%), un couvert végétal très limité (13.2%), et des précipitations agressives et intenses. L'analyse des données naturelles du bassin versant par la méthode de PAP/CAR a permis d’identifier cinq principaux types d’érosion (érosion très élevée 23%, 48% pour l’érosion élevée, la classe d’érosion notable représente 22%, 6% et 1% pour les classes d’érosion faibles et très faible respectivement. Ensuite, les pertes en sol ont été estimées par la méthode d’USLE, les résultats obtenus permettent l’identification des secteurs à l’échelle du bassin où les pertes connaissent des valeurs élevées 62.3% (risque forte entre 66 et 102 t/ha/an (34%), et très fort (26.2%) entre 102 et 355.6 t/ha/an).

scholarly journals On the frescoes of the Bela crkva (white Church) of karan and the contemporary painting of Raska

Zograf ◽  
2006 ◽  
pp. 135-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Vojvodic
Keyword(s):  
Careful Examination ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Artistic Value ◽  
The North ◽  
Art Research ◽  
Contemporary Painting ◽  
The Church ◽  
North Western ◽  
Very High

The results of a more careful examination of the painting in Raska from the period of the king and later, of the emperor, Stefan Dusan (1331-1355) render untenable the earlier assessments about its strikingly provincial character and negligible artistic value. The fragmentarily preserved painting of the exonarthex in Djurdjevi stupovi, in Budimlja (spring 1343 - autumn 1345), and St. Nikola in Palez near Studenica (probably the fifth decade of the 14th century), undoubtedly indicate a highly progressive style and very high artistic value. According to their pictorial features, these two monuments are no less sophisticated than the most advanced fresco ensembles of Dusan's times in Macedonia. Besides that, in the painting of the Budimlja exonarthex and the church in Palez, one can also perceive certain iconographic and programmatic novelties, which are characteristic of churches from that period in the south eastern parts of the Serbian state (the Menologion, the elevation of the rulers' portraits to the second zone of the fresco paintings, etc). The coordination of the iconography and the programme with the principles of the Palaiologan high renaissance can also be observed in the fresco painting of some other monuments of Raska from the reign of Stefan Dusan. We refer to the Church of the Annunciation in Dobrun, the exonarthex in Sopocani, the Chuch of St. Nicholas in Baljevac, the so-called Latin Church in Prokuplje, and St. Nicholas in Usee. In the majority of the said monuments, one can notice traces of the rather lively cultural relations with the central and southern parts of the expanded Serbian state. Nevertheless, the painting in the enumerated churches has been only fragmentarily preserved. Consequently, considerations about the fresco painting of the Bela Crkva Karanska (the White Church of Karan) as a rather well preserved monumental ensemble, acquires particular significance for art research in the north western part of Dusan's state.

scholarly journals Mapping erosion prone areas in the Bouhamdane watershed (Algeria) using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation through GIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza Bouguerra ◽  
Abderrazak Bouanani ◽  
Kamel Khanchoul ◽  
Oussama Derdous ◽  
Salah Eddine Tachi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Universal Soil Loss Equation ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Very High ◽  
Soil Loss Equation

Abstract Soil erosion by water is a major problem that the Northern part of Algeria witnesses nowadays; it reduces: the productivity of agricultural areas due to the loss of lands, and leads to the loss of storage capacity in reservoirs, the deterioration of water quality etc. The aim of this study is to evaluate the soil losses due to water erosion, and to identify the sectors which are potentially sensitive to water erosion in the Bouhamdane watershed, that is located in the northeastern part of Algeria. To this end, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was used. The application of this equation takes into account five parameters, namely the rainfall erosivity, topography, soil erodibility, vegetative cover and erosion control practices. The product of these parameters under GIS using the RUSLE mathematical equation has enabled evaluating an annual average erosion rate for the Bouhamdane watershed of 11.18 t·ha-1·y-1. Based on the estimates of soil loss in each grid cell, a soil erosion risk map with five risk classes was elaborated. The spatial distribution of risk classes was 16% very low, 41% low, 28% moderate, 12% high and 3% very high. Most areas showing high and very high erosion risk occurred in the lower Bouhamdane watershed around Hammam Debagh dam. These areas require adequate erosion control practices to be implemented on a priority basis in order to conserve soil resources and reduce siltation in the reservoir.

Investigating the effect of land use changes on soil erosion using RS-GIS and AHP-Fuzzy based techniques (Case Study: Qaresu Watershed, Ardabil, Iran)

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (02) ◽  
pp. 525-538
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Namdar ◽  
Shahla Mahmoudi ◽  
Abazar Esmali Ouri ◽  
Ebrahim Pazira
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Risk Zones ◽  
Dry Farming ◽  
Very High

The intensity of soil erosion to occur in a region depends on multiple factors including climatic conditions, elevation, terrain, soil type, and land use. Among these factors, land use is one of the particular importance as it reflects the outsized role of humans in the exacerbation of erosion condition. This study aimed to investigate the effects of land use changes on soil erosion in Qaresu watershed, using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques, a watershed with an area of ​​4370.8 km2 located in the center of Ardabil province, northwest of Iran. For this purpose, the 1985 and 2015 Landsat images captured by TM and OLI-TIRS sensors were used to develop the land use maps of the watershed area using the maximum likelihood method. The erosion zoning maps were then developed by integrating the maps of land use, slope, lithology, distance from roads, distance from streams, precipitation, and soil using the Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method after an AHP-based weighting stage. The results showed that in the 30-year period from 1985 to 2015, the region has experienced a decrease in the area of forest, dry farming, and rangeland land uses and an increase in the area of land uses defined as urban, barren, irrigated farming, and water cover. In total, dry farming and rangeland were the largest land-uses in the studied area. According to the developed erosion zoning maps, in 1985, 14.4% and 36.84%, and in 2015, 15.64% and 32.3% of the studied area belonged to high and very high risk zones in terms of erosion potential, respectively. In defined two periods, high risk and very high risk zones were mostly positioned over dry and irrigated farmlands.

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