scholarly journals Developing community-based scientific priorities and new drilling proposals in the southern Indian and southwestern Pacific oceans

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Robert McKay ◽  
Neville Exon ◽  
Dietmar Müller ◽  
Karsten Gohl ◽  
Michael Gurnis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Ocean Drilling ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Site Survey ◽  
International Ocean Discovery Program ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Australasian Region ◽  
New Phase

Abstract. An International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) workshop was held at Sydney University, Australia, from 13 to 16 June 2017 and was attended by 97 scientists from 12 countries. The aim of the workshop was to investigate future drilling opportunities in the eastern Indian Ocean, southwestern Pacific Ocean, and the Indian and Pacific sectors of the Southern Ocean. The overlying regional sedimentary strata are underexplored relative to their Northern Hemisphere counterparts, and thus the role of the Southern Hemisphere in past global environmental change is poorly constrained. A total of 23 proposal ideas were discussed, with ∼ 12 of these deemed mature enough for active proposal development or awaiting scheduled site survey cruises. Of the remaining 11 proposals, key regions were identified where fundamental hypotheses are testable by drilling, but either site surveys are required or hypotheses need further development. Refinements are anticipated based upon regional IODP drilling in 2017/2018, analysis of recently collected site survey data, and the development of site survey proposals. We hope and expect that this workshop will lead to a new phase of scientific ocean drilling in the Australasian region in the early 2020s.

Political Consumerism for Sustainable Tourism

2018 ◽  
pp. 348-366
Author(s):  
Machiel Lamers ◽  
Jeroen Nawijn ◽  
Eke Eijgelaar
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Political Consumerism ◽  
Global Environmental

Over the last decades a substantial and growing societal and academic interest has emerged for the development of sustainable tourism. Scholars have highlighted the contribution of tourism to global environmental change and to local, detrimental social and environmental effects as well as to ways in which tourism contributes to nature conservation. Nevertheless the role of tourist consumers in driving sustainable tourism has remained unconvincing and inconsistent. This chapter reviews the constraints and opportunities of political consumerism for sustainable tourism. The discussion covers stronger pockets and a key weak pocket of political consumerism for sustainable tourism and also highlights inconsistencies in sustainable tourism consumption by drawing on a range of social theory arguments and possible solutions. The chapter concludes with an agenda for future research on this topic.

scholarly journals Environmental issues and international relations, a new global (dis)order - the role of International Relations in promoting a concerted international system

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Castro Pereira
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
International System ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Subject

Is it possible to talk about the rise of a new global (dis)order founded on the challenges posed by environmental issues? Through the review of the state of the art on the subject, this article analyzes the growing importance of the environment, and natural resources in particular, in international relations; and aims to raise awareness among International Relations scholars to the potential positive impact of the development of the discipline in integration with global environmental change studies.

Applied Archaeology in the Americas

2016 ◽  
pp. 440-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jago Cooper ◽  
Lindsay Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Caribbean

This chapter considers the role of archaeology in creating solutions for coping with the impacts of global environmental change, illustrated by cases from Latin America. Past examples of the practical application of pre-Columbian innovations and techniques are considered, and the key themes of social practice and community engagement discussed. These principles are then applied to the islands of the Caribbean where archaeology can play an important role in accessing and illuminating pre-Columbian lifeways in the region. The comparative resilience of past and present lifeways to the hazards created by extreme weather events, precipitation variability, and sea level changes are discussed, and the role of archaeology as a means of engaging the public, stimulating discussion, and informing debate is considered.

The Biological Impacts of Globalization of Agriculture

2019 ◽  
pp. 108-125
Author(s):  
Nicola P. Randall ◽  
Barbara Smith
Keyword(s):  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Intensive Agriculture ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Biological Impacts ◽  
Global Drivers ◽  
Traditional Crops

While pre-modern agriculture tended to use local resources, modern (often intensive) agriculture uses resources from a much wider area—even global in some cases. This chapter discusses the role of agriculture as a driver of global environmental change, together with issues and opportunities associated with the globalization of agriculture. The topics explored include the introduction and spread of invasive and pest species; reductions in genetic diversity; changes in the type of commodities demanded locally and globally; and loss of traditional crops. The implications of these changes for wider ecosystems are explored. The potential for some of these global drivers to act synergistically with each other and with other drivers (e.g. climate change) to impact on biological systems is also explored.

Embodied interdisciplinarity: what is the role of polymaths in environmental research?

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIETTE C. YOUNG ◽  
MARIELLA MARZANO
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches

SUMMARYInterdisciplinarity can be interpreted broadly as an active, multi-faceted learning process between researchers from different disciplines to create a common ground for a special purpose. Interdisciplinary approaches are regarded as necessary in environmental research, especially in view of global environmental change. However, some argue there is a lack of genuine interdisciplinarity in environmental research. Polymaths can play a potentially important role in environmental research. Environmental polymaths can enhance the effectiveness of interdisciplinarity through their knowledge and understanding of different disciplinary languages, epistemologies and methodologies, and as such, should be acknowledged more explicitly in interdisciplinary discussions.

scholarly journals The role of multiple global change factors in driving soil functions and microbial biodiversity

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (6467) ◽  
pp. 886-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias C. Rillig ◽  
Masahiro Ryo ◽  
Anika Lehmann ◽  
Carlos A. Aguilar-Trigueros ◽  
Sabine Buchert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Microbial Biodiversity ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Change Factors ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Changes In Soil Properties

Soils underpin terrestrial ecosystem functions, but they face numerous anthropogenic pressures. Despite their crucial ecological role, we know little about how soils react to more than two environmental factors at a time. Here, we show experimentally that increasing the number of simultaneous global change factors (up to 10) caused increasing directional changes in soil properties, soil processes, and microbial communities, though there was greater uncertainty in predicting the magnitude of change. Our study provides a blueprint for addressing multifactor change with an efficient, broadly applicable experimental design for studying the impacts of global environmental change.

scholarly journals The Role of the Ecological Worldview Position in Coping with Problems Caused by Global Environmental Change

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Ecological Worldview

The purpose of the study, conducted on the sample of 293 persons, was to identify the role of the ecological worldview position in choosing the ways of coping with problems caused by global environmental change. The ecological worldview position is determined by what exactly is perceived and considered by the person as the basics of his life support: the biosphere/ecological systems or the financial and economic system, represented through commodity and money relations. Using structural equation modeling methods, the influence of the ecological position on the choice of coping strategies as responses to environmental stress was confirmed, as well as its involvement in the regulation of pro-ecological everyday behavior. It was revealed that the ecological worldview position influences the choice of both problem-oriented and emotionally-oriented strategies that allow coping with stressful environmental conditions. The way in which the ecological position influences coping strategies depends on what meanings are decisive in the perception of ecological reality. The dominance of biocentric views promotes the pro-environmental orientation of behavior, while the predominance of monetary and economic meanings enhances non-problem coping. At the same time, the positive influence of the ecological position on problem-focused coping is largely carried out indirectly through the inhibition of deproblematization-focused coping – emotionally oriented coping strategies such as reducing problems and the denial of guilt. The decisive influence of the ecological position on pro-ecological everyday behavior is carried out indirectly – through the strategy of problem solving (positive influence), as well as the strategy of de-emphasizing the threat (negative influence). The direct influence of the ecological position on behavior, as well as an influence exerted indirectly through the denial of guilt is very weak. The negative impact of deproblematization-focused coping on everyday behavior is mediated by the suppression of problem coping.

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