scholarly journals Thermal energy in dry snow avalanches

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1819-1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Steinkogler ◽  
B. Sovilla ◽  
M. Lehning
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Flow Regimes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Deposition Area ◽  
Thermal Investigations ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract. Avalanches can exhibit many different flow regimes from powder clouds to slush flows. Flow regimes are largely controlled by the properties of the snow released and entrained along the path. Recent investigations showed the temperature of the moving snow to be one of the most important factors controlling the mobility of the flow. The temperature of an avalanche is determined by the temperature of the released and entrained snow but also increases by frictional processes with time. For three artificially released avalanches, we conducted snow profiles along the avalanche track and in the deposition area, which allowed quantifying the temperature of the eroded snow layers. This data set allowed to calculate the thermal balance, from release to deposition, and to discuss the magnitudes of different sources of thermal energy of the avalanches. For the investigated dry avalanches, the thermal energy increase due to friction was mainly depending on the effective elevation drop of the mass of the avalanche with a warming of approximately 0.3 °C per 100 vertical metres. Contrarily, the temperature change due to entrainment varied for the individual avalanches, from −0.08 to 0.3 °C, and depended on the temperature of the snow along the path and the erosion depth. Infrared radiation thermography (IRT) was used to assess the surface temperature before, during and just after the avalanche with high spatial resolution. This data set allowed to identify the warmest temperatures to be located in the deposits of the dense core. Future research directions, especially for the application of IRT, in the field of thermal investigations in avalanche dynamics are discussed.

scholarly journals Thermal energy in dry snow avalanches

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5793-5824 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Steinkogler ◽  
B. Sovilla ◽  
M. Lehning
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Flow Regimes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Deposition Area ◽  
Thermal Investigations ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract. Avalanches can exhibit many different flow regimes from powder clouds to slush flows. Flow regimes are largely controlled by the properties of the snow released and entrained along the path. Recent investigations showed the temperature of the moving snow to be one of the most important factors controlling the mobility of the flow. The temperature of an avalanche is determined by the temperature of the released and entrained snow but also increases by frictional and collisional processes with time. For three artificially released avalanches, we conducted snow profiles along the avalanche track and in the deposition area, which allowed quantifying the temperature of the eroded snow layers. Infrared radiation thermography (IRT) was used to assess the surface temperature before, during and just after the avalanche with high spatial resolution. This data set allowed to calculate the thermal balance, from release to deposition, and to discuss the magnitudes of different sources of thermal energy of the avalanches. We could confirm that, for the investigated dry avalanches, the thermal energy increase due to friction was mainly depending on the elevation drop of the avalanche with a warming of approximately 0.5 °C per 100 height meters. Contrary, warming due to entrainment was very specific to the individual avalanche and depended on the temperature of the snow along the path and the erosion depth ranging from nearly no warming to a maximum observed warming of 1 °C. Furthermore, we could observe the warmest temperatures are located in the deposits of the dense core. Future research directions, especially for the application of IRT, in the field of thermal investigations in avalanche dynamics are discussed.

Small Business Orientation: A Construct Proposal

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-552
Author(s):  
Rodney C. Runyan ◽  
Jeffrey G. Covin
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Multidimensional Construct ◽  
Small Business Management ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Business Orientation

Entrepreneurship and small business management literatures diverged decades ago, with the former receiving the bulk of subsequent scholarly attention. The concept of a small business orientation (SBO) has not been widely and consistently employed in the literature. We present a conceptual framework aimed at clarifying the construct of SBO, and conceptualize SBO as a firm size- and age-independent phenomenon operating at the individual level, and reflecting manager values about how the business ought to be conducted. We discuss the values-based derivation of SBO, identify elements of this multidimensional construct, its likely consequences, and propose future research directions.

Science for All through Reflective Interactions

2012 ◽  
pp. 102-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Neakrase ◽  
H. Prentice Baptiste ◽  
Ashley N. Ryan ◽  
Elsa Q. Villa
Keyword(s):  
Science Classroom ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Online Environment ◽  
Science Content ◽  
Science Concept ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Online Interactions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Individual

One of the goals of science education is to ensure that the discipline of science is accessible to all individuals. By many organizations this has been termed “Science for All,” and those who promote this idea also advocate the connection to science literacy. Teaching science in the online environment has been one way to offer science content to many different individuals, who do not necessarily need to be in the same location. Discourse in the science classroom is framed under situated cognition theory, whereby interactions between individuals are part of the normal culture of the classroom. For science knowledge to be adequately constructed by a student these interactions must be meaningful ones. This is especially important in an online science course where typically learning occurs through interactions between the students and the instructor, the students with one another, and within the individual themselves. As part of these online interactions, good reflective practice includes the different forms of feedback and the quality of this feedback. However, even with quality reflective interactions, there are barriers to science concept construction in an online environment. These barriers are discussed, and future research directions are suggested based on this review.

scholarly journals Behavioural strategy: Adaptability context

Management ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Piórkowska
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adaptive Performance ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Behavioural Strategy ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Individual

SummaryThe paper is embedded in the following fields: strategic management in terms of behavioural strategy concept, adaptability construct, and micro-foundations realm as well as organizational theory and psychology. Moreover, the paper concerns to some extent a multi-level approach in strategic management involving individual, team, and organizational level. The aim of the paper is to contribute to extend, on one hand, the ascertainment set in the field of behavioural strategy as behavioural strategy encompasses a mindboggling diversity of topics and methods and its conceptual unity has been hard to achieve (Powell, Lovallo, Fox 2011, p. 1371), and on the other hand, to order mixed approaches to adaptability especially to gain insights on micro-level adapting processes (individual adaptability and adaptive performance) in terms of the multi-level approach. The method that has been used is literature studies and the interference is mostly deductive. The structure of the manuscript is four-fold. The first part involves the considerations in the field of adaptability and adaptive performance at the individual level. The issues of adaptability and adaptive performance at the team level have been presented in the second part. The third part encompasses the organizational adaptability assertions. Finally, the conclusion, limitations of the considerations highlighted as well as the future research directions have been emphasized. The overarching key finding is that the behavioural strategy concept may constitute the boundary spanner in exploring and explaining adaptability phenomenon at different levels of analysis.

scholarly journals Values dependence on generation identification

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 00108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Sivrikova ◽  
Tatyana Ptashko ◽  
Elena Chernikova ◽  
Artem Perebeynos
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Communication Problem ◽  
The People ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mathematical Data Processing

In the article the communication problem between generations is considered in terms of differences of values. The authors generalize the results of research on the problem solved worldwide and provide data of an empirical research of differences in values of the Soviet, Transitional and Post-Soviet generations. At the same time values of the people identifying themselves with different generations are compared. 132 persons (72 women and 60 men) participated in the questionnaire. Sch. Schwartz's questionnaire is applied to studying values of people. Jonckheere-Terpstra test is used for mathematical data processing. Researchers confirmed a hypothesis that the existing differences in values of generations consist in a more impressed orientation of the senior generation to traditions and social norms, and more impressed orientation of the younger generation to the power and receiving pleasure. Results of the research confirm the universal trends in distinctions to values of generations consisting in stronger orientation of younger generations to values expressing interests of the individual and senior generations to values expressing interests of the group. Limitations and future research directions, possible implications of these results are also discussed.

scholarly journals The Maori in the Work Force

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Easton
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Market Theory ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Econometric Study ◽  
The Individual

This paper reports on a study commissioned by Te Puni Kokiri, based on a larger data base mainly from the 1991 Population Census. As well as demonstrating and extending the standard conclusion that Maori are in markedly inferior positions in the labour force compared to the non-Maori, the paper reports an econometric study which suggests that this is primarily due to some 'Maoriness' factor. An example would be that since social networks are the main means by which people obtain jobs, the individual Maori is disadvantaged by her or his network being more jobless. The study goes on to develop the relevance of dual labour market theory to an understanding of Maori labour force performance, and proposes a more elaborate model of the labour market than that which is usually used. The main findings are reported below, and suggested future research directions complete the paper.

Data Visualisation in Business

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Remya Lathabhavan ◽  
K. M. S. V. D. Akshar
Keyword(s):  
Data Visualization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Data Visualisation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Aesthetic Form ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Key Aspects

The main objective of data visualization is to communicate information clearly and effectively through graphical means. It doesn't mean that data visualization needs to look boring to be functional or extremely sophisticated to look beautiful. To convey ideas effectively, both aesthetic form and functionality need to go hand in hand, providing insights into a rather sparse and complex data set by communicating its key-aspects in a more intuitive way. This chapter analyses the following aspects of data visualisation. First, it describes data visualisation. Second, it describes the importance of data visualisation in business. Third, it describes different types of data visualisation methods used in business and familiarises some tools available for data visualisation. Last, it describes the recent developments in data visualisation and its future research directions.

Potential Benefits and Current Limits in the Development of Demand Response

2018 ◽  
pp. 3144-3155
Author(s):  
Clementina Bruno
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Different Sources

This chapter, after defining Demand Response (DR) and its potential benefits, illustrates a set of challenges to DR development. A brief review of recent contributions on DR is provided, illustrating that such challenges can come from different sources. Regulatory, technical or socio-economic challenges are considered and discussed. Finally, inter-disciplinary research is suggested as solution to overcome challenges, and some examples of future research directions with respect to economics and social science are provided.

Personality traits predicting knowledge hiding behaviour: Empirical evidence from academic institutions of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 154-166
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahid Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Atif Ishaq ◽  
Ammara Akram ◽  
Ume Habibah
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The People ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Knowledge Hiding ◽  
The Impact

Knowledge is considered as a source of competitive advantage for the organizations. Organizations put lots of efforts to increase the extent of knowledge sharing among the employees to boost up innovation and creativity. Despite all these measures people still hide their knowledge from others in the workplace. So, this study aims to investigate the individual differences which may cause knowledge hiding and the impact of knowledge hiding on the hurt relationship and future withholding of knowledge. The data was collected from 245 full-time teachers of public and private sector universities of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. PLS-SEM was used for data analysis. The results of the study showed that the people who score high for extroversion and openness to experience don’t hide knowledge as compared to people who have a high score on agreeableness, consciousness, and neuroticism. Implications, Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.

Examining Perceptions of Teammates’ Burnout and Training Hours in Athlete Burnout

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Appleby ◽  
Paul Davis ◽  
Louise Davis ◽  
Henrik Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Athlete Burnout ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Psychological Perceptions ◽  
And Training

Perceptions of teammates and training load have been shown to influence athletes’ physical and psychological health; however, limited research has investigated these factors in relation to burnout. Athletes (N = 140) from a variety of competitive team sports, ranging in level from regional to professional, completed questionnaires measuring individual burnout, perceptions of teammates’ burnout, and training hours per week on two occasions separated by three months. After controlling for burnout at time one, training hours were associated with athletes’ burnout and perceptions of teammates’ burnout at time two. Multilevel modeling indicated actual team burnout (i.e., the average burnout score of the individual athletes in a team) and perceived team burnout were associated with individual’s own burnout. The findings highlight that burnout is dynamic and relates to physiological stressors associated with training and psychological perceptions of teammates’ burnout. Future research directions exploring potential social influences on athlete burnout are presented.

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