scholarly journals Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Diabetes in Medical Students: Observational Study, Experience in Colombia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Mauricio Bados Enriquez ◽  
Karoll Vanessa Ladino Oyola ◽  
Juan Esteban Yucuma Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Moderate Risk

Background: Cardiovascular Disease is a leading cause of preventable death. Cardiovascular risk factors’ identification is the cornerstone for effective and early interventions decreasing the frequency of acute health-threatening events. Since adolescence and youth are very vulnerable stages to develop risky habits, we decided to run this study in the Multidisciplinary Universitary Camp for Research and Service. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in the Multidisciplinary Universitary Camp for Research and Service in which 450 medical students from Colombia were assessed. After a probabilistic random simple sampling (n=50), we applied the World Health Organization test and Finnish Risk Score to calculate Cardiovascular and Diabetes Mellitus risk, respectively. We characterized the population by sociodemographic variables and anthropometric measurements. Results: The study shows that from 18 participating universities (n=50), the mean age of the participants was 21.14 years (SD 7.3) of whom 40% were male and 60% were female. Overall, 92% have a low risk of cardiovascular disease, 6% are at moderate risk and 2% are at high risk. 92% have low risk of diabetes mellitus and 8% are at moderate risk of having diabetes mellitus in the long term. Conclusion: The early identification of and intervention on risk factors could decrease significantly the onset of acute health-threatening cardiovascular pathologies. As medical students, adolescents and young adults are at risk of developing unhealthy habits which increase the incidence of cardiovascular disorders. The use of anthropometric measures and validated risk score scales is an appropriate way to get evidence for starting early interventions.

Cardiovascular risk factors in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 699-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Han Zhang ◽  
Pin Li
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Children

Abstract Objective Cardiovascular disease is a major complication among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This prospective study aimed at examining the presence of cardiovascular risk factors in children with T1DM. Methods We evaluated several cardiovascular risk factors, including atherosclerosis, artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and metabolic responses, in 175 children with T1DM, with 150 non-diabetic children as normal controls. Results The diabetic children had significantly higher carotid IMT (cIMT) and aortic IMT (aIMT), higher values for diastolic wall stress (DWS), incremental elastic modulus (IEM), and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) than the controls. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL4), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and leptin were significantly higher in T1DM patients. In T1DM children, the cIMT and aIMT were correlated with several risk factors, including age, weight, body mass index (BMI), duration of diabetes, waist/hip ratio, as well as levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoprotein B (apoB). In addition to common risk factors, cIMT was also associated with systolic blood pressure (BP). Other risk factors, such as height, diastolic BP, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol ratio, apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) and S-creatinine levels, were not all independent risk factors of cardiovascular disease in T1DM children. Conclusions T1DM is associated with early impairment of the common carotid and aortic artery structure and function, and the diabetic state may be the main risk factor for arterial wall stiffening and thickening.

Increased burden of cardiovascular risk among youth suicide attempters

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yongqi Zhong ◽  
Steven Pham ◽  
Giovanna Porta ◽  
Antoine Douaihy ◽  
Anna Marsland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Score ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Suicide and cardiovascular disease rank among the leading causes of disability and premature mortality worldwide. Young adult suicide attempters are at increased risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease even compared to those with major depressive disorder suggesting an increased burden of cardiovascular risk factors. We compared the cardiovascular risk burden between youth attempters and other high-risk individuals. Methods Participants were from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES), a U.S. population-based study, aged 18–30 years [suicide attempt (SA): n = 303; suicidal ideation (SI): n = 451; controls: n = 3671]; and psychiatric inpatients admitted for a SA (n = 38) or SI (n = 40) and healthy controls (n = 37) aged 15–30 years. We computed a cardiovascular risk score and high- and low-risk latent classes based on risk factors of high blood pressure, obesity, and smoking. Results Suicide attempters showed an increased cardiovascular risk score (CPES: B = 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31–0.54, p < 0.001; inpatient sample: B = 1.61, 95% CI 0.53–2.68, p = 0.004) compared to controls. They were also more likely to be classified in the high cardiovascular risk group (CPES: odds ratio (OR) 3.36, 95% CI 1.67–6.78, p = 0.001; inpatient sample: OR 9.89, 95% CI 1.38–85.39, p = 0.03) compared to those with SI (CPES: OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.55–2.39, p = 0.71; inpatient sample: OR 1.91, 95% CI 0.25–15.00, p = 0.53). Conclusions Youth attempters show an increased burden for cardiovascular risk compared to other high-risk individuals in inpatient and population-based samples. Clinicians should pay particular attention to cardiovascular risk factors among suicide attempters in order to reduce their risk for cardiovascular events.

Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

2014 ◽  
pp. 860-869
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Brown ◽  
Jorge Plutzky
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Diagnostic And Prognostic Value

This chapter focuses on how cardiovascular risk factors contribute to the initiation and progression of coronary heart disease (CHD). Cardiovascular risk factors are currently grouped into traditional and nontraditional types. Traditional risk factors include hyperlipidemia (or dyslipidemia), tobacco use, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, age, male gender, and family history, all of which have been linked to CHD, an association substantiated through multiple large prospective population studies. The categories can be further subdivided into modifiable and nonmodifiable factors: with dyslipidemia, tobacco use, hypertension, and diabetes comprising the former. In spite of their undeniable diagnostic and prognostic value, a portion of the population lacking these traditional risk factors remains at significant residual risk for CHD.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Risk Profile of Apparently Healthy Workers in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Arinola Esan ◽  
◽  
Jokotade Adeleye ◽  
Taoreed Azeez ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Score ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Background: Cardiovascular disease incidence is rising in Nigeria. This study was done to identify cardiovascular risk factors and assess the 10-year cardiovascular risk score of healthcare workers of a tertiary hospital in south-western Nigeria. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, apparently healthy workers of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria were studied. Fifty-two individuals were recruited into the study. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, fasting lipid profile and HbA1c were obtained using the standard protocols. QRISK3 score was also calculated. Results: The Mean±SD age of participants was 44.9±8.1 years. Dyslipidaemia was the most common risk factor among apparently healthy healthcare workers, while glucose intolerance was the least common. Also, 48.1% of the subjects had at least one cardiovascular risk factor and 15.4% had 3 or more cardiovascular risk factors. The 10-year cardiovascular risk using QRISK3 was moderate in 3.8%. There was no statistically significant difference in the 10-year cardiovascular risk score between the clinical and non-clinical healthcare workers (P=0.313; t=0.819). However, male participants had a significantly higher 10-year cardiovascular risk score compared with the females (3.50 vs. 1.56; P<0.001; t=3.741). Conclusion: Cardiovascular risk factors are prevalent among health workers and closer attention needs to be paid to these factors by the hospital management to mitigate cardiovascular disease among the staff.

Microvascular dysfunction and pulse wave reflection characterize different vascular pathologies in patients at cardiovascular risk

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fischer-Rasokat ◽  
Spyridopoulos ◽  
Walter ◽  
Honold ◽  
M. Zeiher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Microvascular Function ◽  
Pulse Wave Reflection

Background: Endothelial function and arterial pulse wave reflections play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. While the endothelium-dependent reactive hyperemia index (RHI) of the digital arteries is considered as a marker of microvascular function, an increased augmentation index (AI) may indicate beginning macrovascular damage. In this study we assessed the interrelationships among these noninvasive measures of vascular function. Patients and methods: In 178 all-comer patients with documented cardiovascular risk factors (22 % female; 65 % coronary artery disease, CAD), we measured radial AI (rAI) by radial applanation tonometry and digital AI (dAI) as well as RHI by using fingertip peripheral arterial tonometry. A modified SMART risk score was calculated in all participants based on cardiovascular risk factors and preexisting vascular disease. Results: dAI and rAI demonstrated a significant and robust overall correlation (Pearson rank coefficient r = 0.63, p < 0.01), which was not affected by age, sex, diabetes mellitus and CAD. In contrast, both parameters demonstrated at most a weak correlation (dAI: r = 0.26, p < 0.01 and rAI: r = 0.12, p = 0.10) with microvascular function (RHI). While dAI and rAI were significantly correlated to female sex, age, low body height, low heart rate and the presence of CAD, RHI was associated with the presence of diabetes mellitus and nicotine use. Finally, only microvascular function was associated with the modified SMART risk score, but not augmentation indices. Conclusions: RHI and increased pulse wave reflection appear to represent two distinct vascular pathologies in patients with cardiovascular risk. In contrast, RHI might be useful to identify patients at highest cardiovascular risk once atherosclerotic disease has been diagnosed.

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