scholarly journals Prevalence of Reproductive Tract Infections/Sexually Transmitted Infections among Rural Married Women – A Community Based Study Using Syndromic Approach

Healthline ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Anita Punia ◽  
Jyoti Yadav ◽  
Babita ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Jha ◽  
Sanjeet Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Syndromic Approach ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Reproductive Tract Infections (RTIs) and Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to be a major public health problem and affecting women's health. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of RTIs/STIs among married women aged 18-49 years in rural areas and to determine the factors associated with these conditions. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 308 eligible married women aged 18-49 years in rural areas in District Sonipat, Haryana using the WHO-Syndromic Approach for diagnosis of RTIs/STIs. Results: The mean age of study subjects in our study was 32.1 years (SD = ± 8.3 years) with a range from 18 to 49 years. The overall RTIs/STIs prevalence was 49.3%. The most frequent symptom was vaginal discharge (55.3%) followed by pain during micturition (34.2%), dyspareunia (26.9%), pain lower abdomen (24.3%) and vulval itching (16.4%). RTI/STI symptoms were found significantly more among women who had history of any chronic disease, who had irregular menstrual cycles, used cloths as sanitary pads and among those whose husbands were substance users. Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence (49.3%) of RTIs/STIs. Awareness about symptoms of RTIs, menstrual and personnel hygiene, raising literacy level of women, drive against use of addictive substances etc. by husbands is needed for control and prevention of RTIs. Primary health care services in respect of reproductive health should be strengthened and raising awareness among women about reproductive health issues through suitable communication strategies in order to bring about a positive behavior change for effective control of STIs.

COMMUNITY PERCEPTIONS AND TREATMENT-SEEKING BEHAVIOUR REGARDING REPRODUCTIVE TRACT INFECTIONS INCLUDING SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS IN LAO PDR: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMPHOY SIHAVONG ◽  
CECILIA STÅLSBY LUNDBORG ◽  
LAMPHONE SYHAKHANG ◽  
SENGCHANH KOUNNAVONG ◽  
ROLF WAHLSTRÖM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Seek Health Care ◽  
Tract Infections

SummaryCreating community awareness of reproductive tract infections (RTI), including sexually transmitted infections (STI), and how to prevent them is essential to minimize their spread. Data on people's views about RTI/STI are entirely lacking in Laos. The aim of this study was thus to explore people's perceptions, treatment-seeking behaviour and understanding of information about RTI/STI, in urban and rural communities in two provinces in Laos. Fourteen focus group discussions and 20 in-depth interviews were held with 76 women and 56 men, selected purposively to provide diversity of socio-demographic backgrounds. Qualitative content analysis was employed for the data analysis. The major finding was that both male and female participants had a variety of misconceptions about the causes and symptoms of RTI/STI and their cure, and a reluctance to seek health care, which could cause delay in appropriate diagnosis and treatment. The most common treatment-seeking behaviour was self-medication through private pharmacies, following advice mostly given by friends and drug sellers. The main reasons for not going to health facilities were fear of social discrimination or shyness of genital examination. Complaints were also made about clinicians' negative attitudes towards ‘dirty disease’. Although condom use was mentioned as a way to prevent RTI/STI, an unwillingness to use condoms was commonly expressed. The main media sources of RTI/STI information were radio and television, and access to health information was more difficult in rural areas. The health messages provided were mostly understood, except for some technical terms. The findings indicate that strengthening health education and promotion through interventions at the community level is recommended to improve quality of RTI/STI management. Health education messages should be more accessible in rural areas. There is also an urgent need to improve communication between RTI/STI patients and clinicians.

scholarly journals Treatment seeking behavior for sexually transmitted infections/reproductive tract infections among married women in urban slums of Mumbai, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Poonam P Shingade ◽  
Yasmeen Kazi ◽  
Madhavi LH
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Tract Infections

Sexually Transmitted Infections/Reproductive Tract Infections (STIs/RTIs) are a major public health problem and a leading cause of morbidity among men and women in developing countries. The aim of the study is to explore treatment seeking behavior among the married women of reproductive age presented with symptoms of STI/RTI. A hospital-based observational study was carried out at the STI/RTI Clinic of Urban Health Centre, Shivaji Nagar, Govandi, Mumbai, India. The study involved a total of 273 married females who attended clinic for their symptoms during January to March 2012. Patients were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire to explore the detail of the treatment seeking behavior regarding STIs/RTIs. Out of total women who participated in the study, only 47.6% of the women with STIs/RTIs symptoms sought health care. Among those who did not seek treatment, 58.65 % females were belonging to 21-25 years of age group. Maximum 65.6% females who were illiterate had not sought any treatment for symptoms of these diseases as compared to 65% who had taken treatment for the presented symptoms who were educated up to higher secondary and above level. 62.5% females belonging to class V had never sought treatment as compared to 100% women who were classified to class I. The poor health seeking behavior was associated with literacy and socioeconomic class of the participants. Private sector was the most favored place for taking treatment by them. Commonest reason for not seeking treatment was no female doctor at clinic. Information, Education and Communication (IEC) sessions, about STI symptoms and the benefits of treat-ment, especially targeted at women and low socioeconomic groups might be an immediately feasible measure that will help to reduce the burden of the disease.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.5(2) 2015: 65-70

scholarly journals Prevalence of reproductive tract infections and sexually transmitted infections among married women in the reproductive age group in urban slum of Bidar, Karnataka

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 4182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip S. Rathod ◽  
Ashok D. Shelke ◽  
Dhananjay B. Naik ◽  
Pallavi M. Kesari
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) represent a major public health problem in developing countries. The consequences of RTIs are numerous and potentially devastating. The present study was conducted to give some indication of the likely burden of RTIs in urban slum of Bidar and also highlight some associated factors.Methods: This study was conducted with the objective of assessing the prevalence of various RTIs among married women in the reproductive age group of 15-44 years in an urban slum of Bidar (Karnataka) during September 2015 to February 2016. Total 357 married women in the reproductive age group of 15-44 years were interviewed.Results: The prevalence of RTI was found 36.1% with maximum prevalence of 42% in the age group of 35 years and above. Also the prevalence was high in illiterate women (53.2%), women having one or two children (54.1%), women using IUD (54.5%) and women having per capita income <Rs. 1000/- (46.35%).Conclusions: The prevalence of reproductive tract infections was most commonly associated with increasing age, illiteracy, low income, use of contraceptive methods and higher parity. The commonest reported symptom of RTI/STI was vaginal discharge. The RTI services should be focused on low income groups and health education regarding prevention and control of RTIs should be widely disseminated. 

scholarly journals Reproductive tract infections among women attending gynaecology outpatient department

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
MS Bohara ◽  
AB Joshi ◽  
B Lekhak ◽  
G Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Married Women ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Tract Infections

BACKGROUND: Women often suffer silently with reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and sexually active young women are particularly susceptible to sexually transmitted Infections (STIs). The study aimed to know the prevalence of reproductive tract infections among married women attending Gynecological Outpatients Department of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Kathmandu, Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hospital based crosssectional design was used to investigate RTIs among women attending outpatients department of Gynae and Obstetrics, TUTH from July to November, 2006. A total of 208 samples from 104 women were examined microscopically and culture using standard microbial technique to investigate etiological agents of RTIs. Study samples were selected and examined on the basis of either having discharge or complaints of lower abdominal pain. RESULTS: A total of 208 samples collected from 104 patients were examined and 26% samples were positive for different causative agents of RTIs. Thirty percent of women reported having symptoms related to RTIs and was common in young married women. Nineteen percent had STIs. Thirteen percent had trichomonasis and 7% had gonorrhoea identified in Gram stained smears and cultures. Many women had endogenous RTIs. Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed in 15% and vaginal candidiasis in 25% of women. CONCLUSIONS: Young married women have a high prevalence of RTIs. Education and outreach programs are needed to reduce embarrassment and lack of knowledge related to RTIs. The low socio?economic status of women appears to have influence on high rate of infections. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v1i1.6940Int J Infect Microbiol 2012;1(1):29-33

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