scholarly journals Automated Detection of Multiple Sclerosis Lesions in Normal Appearing White Matter from Brain MRI: A Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Manoj V. Khatokar ◽  
M. Hemanth Kumar ◽  
K. Chandrahas ◽  
M. D. Swetha ◽  
Preeti Satish
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
The Body ◽  
Normal Appearing White Matter ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Multiple Sclerosis is an inoperable disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS) that irritates the myelin sheath by forming lesions. This affects all organs of the CNS; the vital of them is the brain. This disease can be detected by diagnosis like Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). It is a non-invasive diagnostic test that provides detailed images of the soft tissues of the body. Out of the different variations of MRI, MS lesions are predominantly visible in the DTI (Diffusion Tensor Imaging) variant of MRI. DTI gives enhanced visualization of normal-appearing white matter tracts of the organs, hence providing a better image of the MS lesion. In this paper, the latest methodologies regarding the identification of the MS lesions in MRI scans like T2 FLAIR or DTI, using automated techniques like deep learning, computer vision, neural network and many more are surveyed. Furthermore, this paper consists of a proposed model which would focus on correlating the lesions found in DTI scan with the basic MRI scan like T2. It would identify the MS lesion in DTI scan and eventually highlight that lesion position in the T2 image scan. This would help radiologist in a way to effectively handle multiple MRI scans.

Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: The contribution of occult white matter damage

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 1676-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvino Bisecco ◽  
Giuseppina Caiazzo ◽  
Alessandro d’Ambrosio ◽  
Rosaria Sacco ◽  
Simona Bonavita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Cerebral Peduncle ◽  
Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus ◽  
Normal Appearing White Matter ◽  
External Capsule ◽  
Mri Protocol ◽  
Fatigue Severity ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: A functional cortico-subcortical disconnection has been recognized in fatigued multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Normal appearing white matter (NAWM) damage might contribute to the abovementioned disconnectivity. Objectives: To assess the relationship between fatigue and microstructural NAWM damage in relapsing-remitting (RR) MS. Methods: Sixty RRMS patients and 29 healthy controls (HC) underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Patients with a mean Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) score ⩾ 4 were considered fatigued (fatigued MS (F-MS)). Tract-based spatial statistics were applied for voxel-wise analysis of DTI indices. A correlation analysis was performed between FSS score and DTI indices in the entire MS group. Results: Thirty MS patients were F-MS. Compared to HC, F-MS patients showed a more extensive NAWM damage than not fatigued MS (NF-MS) patients, with additional damage in the following tracts: frontal and occipital juxtacortical fibers, external capsule, uncinate fasciculus, forceps minor, superior longitudinal fasciculus, cingulum, and pons. No differences were found between F-MS and NF-MS patients. Fatigue severity correlated to DTI abnormalities of corona radiata, cingulum, corpus callosum, forceps minor, superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, thalamus and anterior thalamic radiation, cerebral peduncle, and midbrain. Conclusions: Fatigue is associated to a widespread microstructural NAWM damage, particularly in associative tracts connected to frontal lobes.

scholarly journals Selective inversion recovery quantitative magnetization transfer imaging: Toward a 3 T clinical application in multiple sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Bagnato ◽  
Giulia Franco ◽  
Fei Ye ◽  
Run Fan ◽  
Patricia Commiskey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Inversion Recovery ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Normal Appearing White Matter ◽  
Selective Inversion ◽  
Pool Model ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background:Assessing the degree of myelin injury in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is challenging due to the lack of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods specific to myelin quantity. By measuring distinct tissue parameters from a two-pool model of the magnetization transfer (MT) effect, quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) may yield these indices. However, due to long scan times, qMT has not been translated clinically.Objectives:We aim to assess the clinical feasibility of a recently optimized selective inversion recovery (SIR) qMT and to test the hypothesis that SIR-qMT-derived metrics are informative of radiological and clinical disease-related changes in MS.Methods:A total of 18 MS patients and 9 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent a 3.0 Tesla (3 T) brain MRI, including clinical scans and an optimized SIR-qMT protocol. Four subjects were re-scanned at a 2-week interval to determine inter-scan variability.Results:SIR-qMT measures differed between lesional and non-lesional tissue ( p < 0.0001) and between normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) of patients with more advanced disability and normal white matter (WM) of HCs ( p < 0.05). SIR-qMT measures were associated with lesion volumes, disease duration, and disability scores ( p ⩽ 0.002).Conclusion:SIR-qMT at 3 T is clinically feasible and predicts both radiological and clinical disease severity in MS.

Diffusion tensor imaging in multiple sclerosis: a tool for monitoring changes in normal-appearing white matter

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Cassol ◽  
Jean-Philippe Ranjeva ◽  
Danielle Ibarrola ◽  
Claude Mékies ◽  
Claude Manelfe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Lesion Load ◽  
Normal Appearing White Matter ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
One Year ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Dti

Our objectives were to determine the reproducibility of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in volunteers and to evaluate the ability of the method to monitor longitudinal changes occurring in the normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). DTI was performed three-mo nthly for one year in seven MS patients: three relapsing-remitting (RRMS), three secondary progressive (SPMS) and one relapsing SP. They were selected with a limited cerebral lesion load. Seven age- and sex-matched controls also underwent monthly examinations for three months. Diffusivity and anisotropy were quantified over the segmented whole supratentorial white matter, with the indices of trace (Tr) and fractional anisotropy (FA). Results obtained in volunteers show the reproducibility of the method. Patients had higher trace and lower anisotropy than matched controls (P B-0.0001). O ver the follow-up, both Tr and FA indicated a recovery after the acute phase in RRMS and a progressive shift towards abnormal values in SPMS. A lthough this result is not statistically significant, it suggests that DTI is sensitive to microscopic changes occurring in tissue of normal appearance in conventional images and could be useful for monitoring the course of the disease, even though it was unable to clearly distinguish between the various physiopathological processes involved.

scholarly journals Evaluation of white matter in patients with multiple sclerosis through diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging

2007 ◽  
Vol 65 (3a) ◽  
pp. 561-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Maia de Andrade ◽  
Emerson L. Gasparetto ◽  
Luiz Celso Hygino Cruz Jr. ◽  
Fabiana Brito Ferreira ◽  
Roberto Cortês Domingues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Appearing White Matter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Normal White Matter

OBJECTIVE: To study the white matter of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with diffusion tensor magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (DTI). METHOD: Forty patients with clinical-laboratorial diagnosis of relapsing-remitting MS and 40 age- and sex-matched controls, who underwent conventional and functional (DTI) MR imaging, were included in the study. The DTI sequences resulted in maps of fractional anisotropy (FA) and regions of interest were placed on the plaques, peri-plaque regions, normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) around the plaques, contralateral normal white matter (CNWM) and normal white matter of the controls (WMC). The FA values were compared and the statistical treatment was performed with the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The mean FA in plaques was 0.268, in peri-plaque regions 0.365, in NAWM 0.509, in CNWM 0.552 and in WMC 0.573. Statistical significant differences in FA values were observed in plaques, peri-plaque regions and in NAWM around the plaques when compared to the white matter in the control group. There was no significant difference between the FA values of the CNWM of patients with MS and normal white matter of controls. CONCLUSION: Patients with MS show difference in the FA values of the plaques, peri-plaques and NAWM around the plaques when compared to the normal white matter of controls. As a result, DTI may be considered more efficient than conventional MR imaging for the study of patients with MS.

scholarly journals In vivo detection of connectivity between cortical and white matter lesions in early MS

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 973-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Mendelt Tillema ◽  
Stephen D Weigand ◽  
Jay Mandrekar ◽  
Yunhong Shu ◽  
Claudia F Lucchinetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Cortical Lesion ◽  
In Vivo Detection ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: The relationship between cortical lesions (CLs) and white matter lesions (WMLs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is poorly understood. Pathological studies support a topographical association between CLs and underlying subcortical WMLs and suggest CLs may play a role in both disease initiation and progression. We hypothesized that cortical MS lesions are physically connected to white matter MS lesions via axonal connections. Objective: To assess the presence of CL-WML connectivity utilizing novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methodology. Methods: In all, 28 relapsing-remitting MS patients and 25 controls received 3 T MRI scans, including double inversion recovery (DIR) for CL detection coupled with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). CL and WML maps were created, and DTI was used to calculate inter-lesional connectivity and volumetric connectivity indices. Results: All patients showed inter-lesional WML connectivity (median 76% of WMLs connected to another WML; interquartile range (IQR), 58%–88%). On average, 52% of detected CLs per patient were connected to at least one WML (IQR, 42%–71%). Volumetric connectivity analysis showed significantly elevated cortical lesion ratios in MS patients (median, 2.3; IQR, 1.6–3.3) compared to null MS and healthy control datasets ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: These findings provide strong evidence of inter-lesional connectivity between CLs and WMLs, supporting our hypothesis of intrinsic CL-WML connectivity.

scholarly journals Hypoperfusion of the Cerebral White Matter in Multiple Sclerosis: Possible Mechanisms and Pathophysiological Significance

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1645-1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques De Keyser ◽  
Christel Steen ◽  
Jop P Mostert ◽  
Marcus W Koch
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Perivascular Spaces ◽  
Axonal Loss ◽  
Normal Appearing White Matter ◽  
Demyelinating Lesions ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system characterized by patchy areas of demyelination, inflammation, axonal loss and gliosis, and a diffuse axonal degeneration throughout the so-called normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). A number of recent studies using perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in both relapsing and progressive forms of MS have shown a decreased perfusion of the NAWM, which does not appear to be secondary to axonal loss. The reduced perfusion of the NAWM in MS might be caused by a widespread astrocyte dysfunction, possibly related to a deficiency in astrocytic β2-adrenergic receptors and a reduced formation of cAMP, resulting in a reduced uptake of K+ at the nodes of Ranvier and a reduced release of K+ in the perivascular spaces. Pathologic and imaging studies suggest that ischemic changes might be involved in the development of a subtype of focal demyelinating lesions (type III lesions), and there appears to exist a relationship between decreased white matter perfusion and cognitive dysfunction in patients with MS.

Focal multiple sclerosis lesions abound in ‘normal appearing white matter’

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1313-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niraj Mistry ◽  
Emma C Tallantyre ◽  
Jennifer E Dixon ◽  
Nicolas Galazis ◽  
Tim Jaspan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
High Field ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
7 Tesla ◽  
Ultra High Field ◽  
Rapid Acquisition ◽  
Normal Appearing White Matter ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Image Type

Background: The ‘normal appearing white matter’ (NAWM) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is known to be abnormal using quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) techniques. The aetiology of the changes in NAWM remains debatable. Objective: To investigate whether high-field and ultra high-field T1-weighted magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MPRAGE) MRI enables detection of MS white matter lesions in areas defined as NAWM using high-field T2-weighted fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI; that is, to ascertain whether undetected lesions are likely contributors to the burden of abnormality in similarly defined NAWM. Methods: Fourteen MS patients underwent MRI scans using 3T FLAIR and MPRAGE and 7 Tesla (7T) MPRAGE sequences. Independent observers identified lesions on 3T FLAIR and (7T and 3T) MPRAGE images. The detection of every individual lesion was then compared for each image type. Results: We identified a total of 812 white matter lesions on 3T FLAIR. Using 3T MPRAGE, 186 additional lesions were detected that were not detected using 3T FLAIR. Using 7T MPRAGE, 231 additional lesions were detected that were not detected using 3T FLAIR. Conclusions: MRI with 3T and 7T MPRAGE enables detection of MS lesions in areas defined as NAWM using 3T FLAIR. Focal MS lesions contribute to the abnormalities known to exist in the NAWM.

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Magnetic Resonance Imaging to reduce Gadolinium accumulation in patients with multiple sclerosis: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-428
Author(s):  
Vijay Anant Athavale ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain ◽  
New Onset

Gadolinium (Gd) is a based contrast agent is used for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In India, gadobutrolhas been is approved for MRI of the Central Nervous System (CNS), liver, kidneys, and breast. It has been noted in several studies that the accumulation of gadolinium occurs in different structures in the brain. Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are regularly followed up with MRI scans and MRI with contrast enhancement is the most common method of distinguishing new-onset pathological changes. Developments in technology and methods in artificial intelligence have shown that there is reason to map out the X-ray technician’s work with examinations and medicines administered to patients may be altered to prevent the accumulation of gadolinium.

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