scholarly journals Prevalence and Determinants of Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Pugalenthi . ◽  
Ndanyuzwe Aime
Keyword(s):  
Family Health ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Married Women ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
National Family

The parts and organs communicate with each other to ensure function of the body properly. Communication among various regions of the body is essential for enabling the organism to respond appropriately to find any changes in the internal and external environments. Communicable and non-communicable disorders are often quite complex involving a mixed picture of hypo secretion and hyper secretion. The objectives are to study the regional variations of communicable and non-communicable diseases among the currently married women; to examine the communicable and non-communicable diseases and the various socio-economic and demographic characteristics and to study predictors of communicable and non-communicable diseases with Principal component analysis (PCA). The present study is being made to analyze from National Family Health Survey (NFHS- III) conducted during 2005-06. Total number of sample was 4102 from the collected sample sizes and particularly those who were answered for the above questions were taken for the analysis to find accurate information. To find the predictors of Diabetics, Asthma and Thyroid, Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was used. The analysis part represents that of the communicable and non-communicable diseases like Asthma was experienced by those who do not use LPG/Electricity. It was about 62 percent of respondents were experienced Asthma than the other two diseases (Thyroid and Diabetics). But those diseases were in higher proportion among those who had the level of education was secondary and higher secondary. It indicates that of the communicable and non-communicable diseases Asthma was experienced by 48.6 percent compared to the other two diseases such as Thyroid and diabetics among the respondents.

scholarly journals The earliest record of fossil solid-wood-borer larvae—immature beetles in 99 million-year-old Myanmar amber

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
CAROLIN HAUG ◽  
GIDEON T. HAUG ◽  
ANA ZIPPEL ◽  
SERITA VAN DER WAL ◽  
JOACHIM T. HAUG
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Shape Analysis ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Fourier Transformation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wood Borer

Interactions between animals and plants represent an important driver of evolution. Especially the group Insecta has an enormous impact on plants, e.g., by consuming them. Among beetles, the larvae of different groups (Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, partly Eucnemidae) bore into wood and are therefore called wood-borer larvae or borers. While adults of these beetle groups are well known in the fossil record, there are barely any fossils of the corresponding larvae. We report here four new wood-borer larvae from Cretaceous Kachin amber (Myanmar, ca. 99 Ma). To compare these fossils with extant wood-borer larvae, we reconstructed the body outline and performed shape analysis via elliptic Fourier transformation and a subsequent principal component analysis. Two of the new larvae plot closely together and clearly in the same area as modern representatives of Buprestidae. As they furthermore lack legs, they are interpreted as representatives of Buprestidae. The other two new larvae possess legs and plot far apart from each other. They are more difficult to interpret; they may represent larvae of early offshoots of either Cerambycidae or Buprestidae, which still retain longer legs. These findings represent the earliest fossil record of larvae of Buprestidae and possibly of Cerambycidae known to date.

scholarly journals The role of body water in the etiology of chronic non-communicable diseases (literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 584-593
Author(s):  
Anatoly A. Stekhin ◽  
Yury A. Rakhmanin ◽  
Galina V. Yakovleva ◽  
Tatyana I. Iksanova
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Water Phase ◽  
Electronic Interaction ◽  
Considerable Difficulty ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Early Introduction

Non-communicable diseases have become the leading cause of death worldwide, the origin of which remains unclear. At the same time, in the methodology of hygienic diagnostics and socio-hygienic monitoring, the search for good indicators testifying to the influence of environmental factors on human health is of considerable difficulty. 85-90% of management errors are recognized due to the unreasonable choice of these indicators. The continued growth of non-infectious morbidity in the Russian population indicates the inefficiency of the existing system of socio-hygienic (epidemiological) monitoring and, in general, the state of hygiene as human health science. To obtain reliable monitoring data, it is necessary to introduce a systematic homeostatic indicator that reflects changes in human health, regardless of the nature and origin of external factors, including vital and social factors. In this regard, the goals of this review were to analyze the systemic homeostatic action of the body’s associated water phase and the mechanisms of its electronic exchange interaction with the environment in a relationship that reflects the root causes of metabolic disorders in cellular structures and the subsequent occurrence of chronic non-infectious human diseases. According to quantum notions, an organism is a macroscopic quantum system, each organ and each cell of which is in electronic interaction with each other and with similar structures in the environment. It is precise because of non local connections that health and diseases are significantly dependent on the electrophysical state of the environment. A systemic indicator that reflects the effectiveness of electronic metabolic processes and human health is the proportion of the associated water phase in the body and the associated intensity of electromagnetic emission in the low-frequency and high-frequency spectral regions. In pathological conditions of organs (disease), adaptation is disrupted, which from a physical perspective is regarded as a “gap” in quantum correlation with external sources of electrons. During this process, a sharp decrease in the proportion of the associated water phase occurs, accompanied by the release of excess heat and metabolic shifts. Electron-deficient environmental conditions require the early introduction of measures to counteract dangerous trends in the nation health and the social and hygienic monitoring methodological aspects revision, which can have a significant impact on the “water factor,” through which realized one of the main ways of electron-deficient states the body compensation is implemented.

scholarly journals Edukasi dan Pemeriksaan Darah dalam Rangka Pencegahan Penyakit Tidak Menular

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Margareta Haiti ◽  
Novita Anggraini ◽  
Victoria Ire Tominik
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Regular Education ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Community Awareness ◽  
Health Checks

Non-communicable diseases (PTM) are a group of chronic diseases, not contagious and can attack all organs of the body, so PTM has a large impact both in terms of morbidity and mortality on public health. Based on information from community leaders from the Sukarami Village, many people experience hypertension, diabetes, rheumatism or pain in the joints so that people are very much expecting help from health workers to provide counseling and health checks in order to prevent disease or attempt to find the cause of the disease. Residents who attended the PKM activities amounted to 138 people. The results of glucose level examination obtained a normal category of 111 people, Prediabetes category as many as 21 people and diabetes category as many as 6 people while the examination of uric acid levels obtained normal results as many as 101 people, abnormal category as many as 36 people and not examined as many as 1 person but the results the measurement of people's blood pressure that came showed 67 (48.6%) more than normal meaning that quite a lot of people tended to suffer from hypertension. It was concluded that community awareness of the importance of checking blood sugar and gout, especially for those aged> 40 years, still needs to be improved through regular education and blood tests to prevent (preventive efforts), especially non-communicable diseases.

scholarly journals Cancer vaccines: a newer front of immunotherapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 5214
Author(s):  
Sonia Puri ◽  
Naveen Krishan Goel ◽  
Veenal Chadha ◽  
Praizy Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Vaccines ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cervical Cancer Vaccine

Vaccines have been used as a promising instrument over the years to combat the dreadful communicable diseases. But now owing to epidemiological transition as the burden of non-communicable diseases has increased, efforts are now being made globally to use this weapon for non-communicable diseases like cancer. Cancer vaccines belong to a class of substances known as “biological response modifiers”. These work by stimulating or restoring the immune system’s ability to fight infections and disease. There are two broad types of cancer vaccines: Preventive (or prophylactic) vaccines and Treatment or therapeutic vaccines. Cancer treatment vaccines are made up of cancer cells, parts of cells or pure antigens. Sometimes a patient’s own immune cells are removed and exposed to these substances in the lab to create the vaccine.  Cancer treatment vaccines differ from the vaccines that work against viruses. These vaccines try to get the immune system to mount an attack against cancer cells in the body. Instead of preventing disease, they are meant to get the immune system to attack a disease that already exists. Preventive vaccines are intended to prevent cancer from developing in healthy people.  And in fact, many evidence-based studies have proven the decrease in morbidity and mortality in various cancers by usage of some of the vaccines like cervical cancer vaccine etc. The biggest challenges currently facing preventive anti-cancer vaccines are clinical, social, and economic in nature.  This article is an effort to   highlight the advances in various cancer vaccines, so done, to use them on preventive and therapeutic front.

scholarly journals Where did all the other non-communicable diseases go?

BMJ ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 343 (sep13 2) ◽  
pp. d5785-d5785 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Birbeck
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Other ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Health Services Delivered by Community Health Workers on Outcomes Related to Non-Communicable Diseases among Elderly People in Rural Areas: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vita Widyasari ◽  
Ferry Fadzlul Rahman ◽  
Kuan-Han Lin ◽  
Jiun-Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Other ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Background: The number of elderly and the burden of non-communicable diseases increase with time. Community involvement is expected to be an important prevention agent for their neighbors. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of health services delivered by community health workers (CHWs) which focus on physiological indices related to non-communicable diseases among elderly people and to explain the health services or interventions carried out by CHWs.   Methods: This systematic review was conducted based on the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, ProQuest Science Database, Scopus, EBSCOhost CINAHL, and Web of Science were taken as the source of databases. Manual search was also conducted for articles published before March 2019 without time restriction. The quality of each study was assessed using Critical Checklist by Joanna Briggs Institute. Results: Of the 3,275 initial studies retrieved, 4 studies were included in qualitative synthesis analysis. Three studies arranged a face-to-face interview, while the other study was conducted over the phone. All the 4 studies were intervention studies. Three of them showed a significant improvement in mean systolic blood pressure for the intervention group compared to the control group. The other study showed a significant improvement in weight loss for the intervention group. Conclusion: Health services delivered by CHWs was beneficial to elderly people in rural areas on some physiological indices. It suggested that health services delivered CHWs could contribute toward secondary prevention programs.

scholarly journals Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Married Women’s HIV Status in India, National Family Health Survey- 3

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Tapati Dutta ◽  
S K Singh ◽  
Subrato K Mondal ◽  
Lopamudra Paul
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Married Women ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
National Family ◽  
Women In India

<div><p><em>There are increasing concerns related to feminization of </em><em>human immunodeficiency virus</em><em> (HIV) in India especially its showing up among married women. Nuances of HIV related risk and vulnerability are myriad among them (married women) who are either oblivious to their partner’s risk behavior, unaware of their partners’ or own sero-status and often cannot negotiate safer sex. Dearth of evidence on HIV prevention programs indicating gendered outcomes further obscures the situation. </em><em>National Family Health Survey- 3 data of India were reviewed to identify </em><em>individual and familial correlates in their marital families, which </em><em>might be associated with the </em><em>HIV status among married women in India. </em><em>Bivariate and regression methods were used</em><em>. </em><em>Findings indicated key factors which </em><em>add to the vulnerability of married women’s risk-proneness to contract HIV. It calls </em><em>for more socio-behavioral and implem</em><em>entation research </em><em>addressing HIV transmission and prevention among married women in India, where typically the thrust has been mostly on HIV high risk populations like female sex workers, injecting drug users and men who have sex with men. </em></p></div>

scholarly journals Variability in size and shape in muscovy duck with age: Principal component analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Ogah ◽  
M. Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dependence Structure ◽  
Muscovy Duck ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Size And Shape

Body weight and six linear body measurements, body length (BL), breast circumference (BCC), thigh length (TL), shank length (SL), total leg length (TLL) and wing length were recorded on 150 male and female muscovy ducklings and evaluated at 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 weeks of age. Principal component analysis was used to study the dependence structure among the body measurements and to quantify sex differences in morphometric size and shape variations during growth. The first principal components at each of the five ages in both sexes accounted between 71.54 to 92.95% of the variation in the seven measurements and provided a linear function of size with nearly equal emphasis on all traits. The second principal components in all cases also accounted for between 6.7 to 16.17% of the variations in the dependence structure of the system in the variables as shape, the coefficient for the PCs at various ages were sex dependent with males showing higher variability because of spontaneous increase in size and shape than females. Contribution of the general size factor to the total variance increase with age in both male and female ducklings, while shape factor tend to be stable in males and inconsistent in females.

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