scholarly journals The effect of an anti-slip surface on objective measures of tongue strength in healthy adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Nancy Solomon ◽  
◽  
Heather Clark
Keyword(s):  
Slip Surface ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Tongue Strength ◽  
Oral Performance ◽  
Maximum Effort ◽  
Neurologically Normal ◽  
Main Effects

Purpose: Instrumental assessments of tongue strength have provided clinicians with the ability to obtain quantitative measures to document lingual weakness. A technical challenge with a common instrument is that the surface of the of the bulb-shaped sensor is smooth and can be slippery when contacted by the tongue. This study evaluated whether adding a textured layer to the bulb leads to enhanced strength measures in neurologically normal adults. Methods: Maximum-effort maneuvers for anterior and posterior tongue elevation, right and left tongue lateralization, and tongue protrusion were available from 62 healthy adults using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). The IOPI tongue bulb was either bare or covered with a single layer of gauze. The maximum pressure (Pmax) exerted on the bulb from three trials was used as the outcome variable for each task. Results: In addition to significant main effects for both bulb-cover and task, there was a significant interaction between the use of gauze and the direction of the tongue-strength maneuver. Pmax was significantly greater when a gauze-covered bulb was used for tongue lateralization and protrusion but not for tongue elevation maneuvers. Conclusion: Using a single-layer of gauze on the smooth tongue-bulb helped reduce slippage of the tongue and resulted in greater Pmax values when evaluating tongue strength in the lateral and protrusive directions, but not for tongue elevation. Efforts to develop a more permanent solution to texturizing the bulb’s surface are needed.

scholarly journals Standard reference values of weight and maximum pressure distribution in healthy adults aged 18–65 years in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ohlendorf ◽  
K. Kerth ◽  
W. Osiander ◽  
F. Holzgreve ◽  
L. Fraeulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Left And Right

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to collect standard reference values of the weight and the maximum pressure distribution in healthy adults aged 18–65 years and to investigate the influence of constitutional parameters on it. Methods A total of 416 healthy subjects (208 male / 208 female) aged between 18 and 65 years (Ø 38.3 ± 14.1 years) participated in this study, conducted 2015–2019 in Heidelberg. The age-specific evaluation is based on 4 age groups (G1, 18–30 years; G2, 31–40 years; G3, 41–50 years; G4, 51–65 years). A pressure measuring plate FDM-S (Zebris/Isny/Germany) was used to collect body weight distribution and maximum pressure distribution of the right and left foot and left and right forefoot/rearfoot, respectively. Results Body weight distribution of the left (50.07%) and right (50.12%) foot was balanced. There was higher load on the rearfoot (left 54.14%; right 55.09%) than on the forefoot (left 45.49%; right 44.26%). The pressure in the rearfoot was higher than in the forefoot (rearfoot left 9.60 N/cm2, rearfoot right 9.51 N/cm2/forefoot left 8.23 N/cm2, forefoot right 8.59 N/cm2). With increasing age, the load in the left foot shifted from the rearfoot to the forefoot as well as the maximum pressure (p ≤ 0.02 and 0.03; poor effect size). With increasing BMI, the body weight shifted to the left and right rearfoot (p ≤ 0.001, poor effect size). As BMI increased, so did the maximum pressure in all areas (p ≤ 0.001 and 0.03, weak to moderate effect size). There were significant differences in weight and maximum pressure distribution in the forefoot and rearfoot in the different age groups, especially between younger (18–40 years) and older (41–65 years) subjects. Discussion Healthy individuals aged from 18 to 65 years were found to have a balanced weight distribution in an aspect ratio, with a 20% greater load of the rearfoot. Age and BMI were found to be influencing factors of the weight and maximum pressure distribution, especially between younger and elder subjects. The collected standard reference values allow comparisons with other studies and can serve as a guideline in clinical practice and scientific studies.

scholarly journals Assessment of tongue weakness and fatigue

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
Nancy Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Tongue Strength ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Bite Block ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Dysarthric Speech ◽  
Neurologically Normal ◽  
Jaw Position

Assessment of nonspeech tongue function is common in speech-language pathology. This paper reviews techniques used to determine tongue strength and endurance, and describes a constant-effort task. These techniques are intended to reveal and quantify the presence of weakness or fatigue of the tongue. The consequences of performing these tasks with and without a bite block, used to fix jaw position, are considered. Whether nonspeech tongue impairment is associated with speech dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease is another topic of interest. Past studies indicated reduced tongue strength and endurance in Parkinson’s disease, but these measures did not correlate with speech measures. It was hypothesized that weakness and fatigue need to be impaired to a “critical” level before speech is perceptibly affected. To examine whether experimentally induced tongue fatigue affects speech, normal speakers performed prolonged strenuous tongue exercise. Speech deteriorated following these exercises. A new investigation examines whether 1 hour of speech-like tongue exercise (rapid syllable repetitions) affects dysarthric speech. Preliminary data from 6 participants with Parkinson’s disease, 1 person with bulbar ALS, and 6 neurologically normal control subjects indicate that sentences sound more precise but less natural after the exercises. Surprisingly, results did not differ significantly between the groups. Continued collection of data and refinement of tasks will contribute to our understanding of the potential relationships between weakness, fatigue, and speech.

The Effect of Trial Duration on Single-Limb Stance Postural Control Measures

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Powden ◽  
Matthew Hoch
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Practice Trial ◽  
Trial Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Main Effects

Context:Currently, there are limited guidelines for the trial duration of quiet single-limb postural control tests. However, trial duration may influence the results of postural control assessments.Objective:To examine the effect of trial duration on instrumented measures of postural control in healthy adults.Design:Cross-sectional.Setting:Laboratory.Patients or Other Participants:Ten healthy adults (eight females, two males; age = 22.1 ± 1.5 years; 167.4 ± 9.3 cm; 67.4 ± 12.3 kg).Interventions:Static postural control was assessed using quiet single-limb stance on a force plate. With eyes open and closed, participants stood barefoot on one limb. Instructions were stand with hands on hips and remain as motionless as possible. A practice trial was performed before the collection of three 10 s trials on each limb for each visual condition. The data collected during each trial were analyzed as the initial 2.5 s, the initial 5 s, and 10 s.Main outcome Measures:The independent variables included vision, limb, and trial duration. The dependent variables included postural control examined using time-to-boundary (TTB) variables: mean of TTB minima (TTB-M) and the standard deviation of TTB minima (TTB-SD) in the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions.Results:No significant 3-way or 2-way interactions or limb main effects were identified. Main effects were identified for vision and trial duration in all TTB variables. Post hoc analysis revealed significant differences between all trial durations in all TTB variables.conclusions:Greater TTB values were exhibited during the 10 s trial durations compared with 5 s and 2.5 s, and 5 s trial durations compared with 2.5 s, indicating postural control improved with longer trial durations. This suggests differing aspects of postural control may be examined with different trial durations.

Strength, Endurance, and Stability of the Tongue and Hand in Parkinson Disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Pearl Solomon ◽  
Donald A. Robin ◽  
Erich S. Luschei
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Speech Disorder ◽  
Retrospective Data ◽  
Tongue Strength ◽  
Submaximal Effort ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Neurologically Normal ◽  
Larger Sample

Weakness and fatigue in the orofacial system often are presumed to contribute to the dysarthria associated with neuromotor disorders, although previous research findings are equivocal. In this study, tongue strength, endurance, and stability during a sustained submaximal effort were assessed in 16 persons with mild to severe Parkinson disease (PD) and a perceptible speech disorder. The same measures were taken from one hand for comparison. Only tongue endurance was found to be significantly lower in these participants than in neurologically normal control participants matched for sex, age, weight, and height. Analyses of data from a larger sample comprising the present and retrospective data revealed lower-than-normal tongue strength and endurance in participants with PD. No significant correlations were found between tongue strength and endurance, interpause speech rate, articulatory precision, and overall speech defectiveness for the present and previously studied participants with PD, bringing into question the influence of modest degrees of tongue weakness and fatigue on perceptible speech deficits.

Swallowing and Tongue Function Following Treatment for Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 1011-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy L. Lazarus ◽  
Jeri A. Logemann ◽  
Barbara Roa Pauloski ◽  
Alfred W. Rademaker ◽  
Charles R. Larson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tongue Strength ◽  
Oral Performance ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Oral And Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Primary Radiotherapy

This study examined tongue function and its relation to swallowing in 13 subjects with oral or oropharyngeal cancer treated with primary radiotherapy ± chemotherapy and 13 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Measures of swallowing and tongue function were obtained using videofluoroscopy, pretreatment and 2 months posttreatment. Maximum isometric strength and endurance at 50% of maximum strength were obtained with the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). Control subjects were tested once. All subjects with head and neck cancer were evaluated pretreatment and 2 months posttreatment. No significant differences were found for the tongue function measures pre- and 2 months posttreatment in the group with head and neck cancer. Significantly higher tongue strength was observed in the control than in the group with head and neck cancer both pre- and posttreatment. No significant differences were found for the 2 groups for tongue endurance measures. Significant correlations of tongue strength and endurance and some swallow measures were found pre- and posttreatment for the group with head and neck cancer and for the control group. These correlations included oral and pharyngeal temporal swallow measures and oropharyngeal swallow efficiency. Pretreatment differences between the 2 groups in tongue strength were likely related to tumor bulk, pain, and soreness. Two-month posttreatment differences were likely related to radiation ± chemotherapy changes to the oral and pharyngeal mucosa. This study provides support for the hypothesis that tongue strength plays a role in oropharyngeal swallowing, particularly related to the oral phase of the swallow.

scholarly journals Difference in tongue strength using visual feedback in healthy adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 2075-2076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Hoon Kim ◽  
Jae-Wan Choi ◽  
Sang-Hoon Lee ◽  
Young-Seok Cho
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Tongue Strength

scholarly journals Reliability of Measurements of Tongue and Hand Strength and Endurance Using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument with Healthy Adults

Dysphagia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Adams ◽  
Bernice Mathisen ◽  
Surinder Baines ◽  
Cathy Lazarus ◽  
Robin Callister
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Hand Strength ◽  
Oral Performance

scholarly journals Effects of Protein Source and Quantity on Appetite Control, Satiety and Subsequent Food Intake in Healthy Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 409-409
Author(s):  
Charlotte Griffith ◽  
Kamille Piacquadio ◽  
Morgan Braden ◽  
Heather Leidy
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Pea Protein ◽  
Desire To Eat ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Eating Initiation

Abstract Objectives To examine whether consumption of breakfast preloads varying in protein source and quantity affect measures of appetite, satiety and subsequent energy intake in healthy adults. Methods Thirty-seven healthy adults (Age: 26 ± 4; BMI: 23 ± 2) participated in this randomized crossover design study. On 3 consecutive days, participants consumed 325 kcal preload breakfast yogurts, varying in protein quality (Whey vs. Pea) and quantity (20, 30, 40 g) vs. an isocaloric carbohydrate preload (Control). On day 4, participants completed a 5-hr in clinic testing day. At baseline time -15 min, questionnaires assessing hunger, fullness, desire to eat, prospective food consumption, and eating initiation, were completed. At time 0 min, the respective preload was provided, and palatability assessed. At time 15 min, after consumption, similar questionnaires were completed every 30 min during the 4-h postprandial period followed by an ad libitum pizza lunch. There was a 3–7 day washout period between testing days. To assess main effects of protein source, paired sample t-tests of incremental area under the curve (iAUC) were computed for 20g Pea vs. 20g Whey preloads on 4-h hunger, fullness, desire to eat, prospective food consumption, eating initiation and lunch energy intake. To assess main effects of protein quantity, repeated measures ANOVA was computed between control and pea protein preloads of 20g, 30g, and 40g on 4-h hunger, fullness, desire to eat, and prospective food consumption niAUC, eating initiation, and lunch energy intake. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were performed using The R Foundation (R; version 4.0.3). Results No main effects of protein source or quantities were detected for 4-h postprandial hunger, fullness, desire to eat, and prospective food consumption niAUC. On average, participants requested to eat again 2-h after breakfast (134 ± 12 min) and consumed on average 830 ± 10 kcals at lunch with no differences between protein sources or quantities. Conclusions In the context of an acute feeding study, no differences in postprandial appetite, satiety, and subsequent food intake were detected when comparing protein preloads varying in source and quantity. These data suggest that 20 g pea protein is sufficient to elicit satiety effects and can be used as a plant-based alternative for whey protein. Funding Sources Roquette.

scholarly journals Repeated tongue and hand strength measurements in normal adults and individuals with Parkinson's Disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Carol O'Day ◽  
◽  
Elaine Frank ◽  
Allen Montgomery ◽  
Michele Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Hand Strength ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Small Decrease ◽  
Tongue Strength ◽  
Oral Performance ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Normal Adults

Changes in tongue and hand strength measurements of men with Parkinson’s Disease and aged-matched controls across multiple days were examined. The Iowa Oral Performance Instrument measured tongue and hand strength during four consecutive days and at day 11. Peak tongue strength measurements occurred on day 3 with a small decrease on day 4, which was maintained at day 11, indicating a significant increase in tongue strength measurements with task repetition in multiple days. No change in hand strength measurements was noted over days. Significant differences in mean tongue and hand strength measurements between the PD and age-matched control group were found. Tongue and hand strength measurements were lower for the PD group compared with the control group on average across days.

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