scholarly journals Monumente zu Ehren Kaiser Josephs II. Ökonomisierung und Standardisierung im Denkmalkult

2021 ◽  
pp. 625-647
Author(s):  
Werner Telesko
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Full Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Religious Policy ◽  
Casting Technology ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
High Esteem ◽  
The One ◽  
Joseph Ii

Monuments in Honour of Emperor Joseph II. Economization and Standardization in the Cult of Monuments. The Habsburg Emperor Joseph II (r. 1765–1790) was commemorated in the late 19th century in the Austrian hereditary lands, especially in Lower Austria, and in Bohemia, by means of numerous full-length monuments, whereby the ruler was held in high esteem above all because of his religious policy and the liberation of the peasantry he initiated. Most of the statues come from the Moravian foundry in Blansko and do not show elaborate iconographic programmes, but were intended to popularise the regent in the form of generally understandable, easily recognisable solutions. This production demonstrates on the one hand the economization of the cult of monuments directly linked to casting technology, and on the other hand the politicizing coding of entire regions characteristic of the late 19th century which – far from the major metropolises – became hotly contested sites of the Habsburg culture of remembrance.

Character

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Murphet
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Literary Theory ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Literary Characters ◽  
The One

Character is a property of narrative and discursive textuality, even as it is also a moral and ethical category referring to individual and collective norms of behavior and motive. This double valence has affected the concept since Aristotle and Plato first began the unfinished, centuries-long project of literary theory. On the one hand, stemming from Aristotle, there has been a tradition of formalist conceptions of character, understanding it as a device used by writers to drive narrative momentum and effect transformations within the discourse. The domain of action, and its variously entailed reactions and consequences, was thought to belong to the agents of narrative discourse by rights, while what was generally called their “character” typically concerned the incidental qualifications and explanations of their actions in speech and thought. Once that distinction is made, however, there are smaller and smaller units into which agency can logically be subdivided, and more and more arbitrary and capricious qualities of character used to flesh out an abstract narratological principle. The histories of formalism, structuralism, and poststructuralism attest to this labor of specialization and fissiparous subdivision of the bound concepts of agent and character. On the other hand, stemming from Plato, we see a centuries-long interest in the mutually interactive relations between imaginary persons, or fictional selves, and the fashioning of public or social selves in regimes of education and discipline. The question of the role of literary characters in the formation of good citizens, or indeed delinquent ones, is one that refuses to go away, since it has proven impossible to separate fiction from reality in the complex processes of self-fashioning through which every subject must go. One last matter of interest has exerted more theoretical influence over the concept in recent years, and that is the topic of affects: the qualities and intensities of human feelings can be seen to have had a major bearing on the writing and elaboration of fictional beings, and vice versa, at least since the late 19th century.

scholarly journals Astronomy and astronomers in Jules Verne's novels

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S260) ◽  
pp. 321-326
Author(s):  
Jacques Crovisier
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Jules Verne ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All

AbstractAlmost all the Voyages Extraordinaires written by Jules Verne refer to astronomy. In some of them, astronomy is even the leading theme. However, Jules Verne was basically not learned in science. His knowledge of astronomy came from contemporaneous popular publications and discussions with specialists among his friends or his family. In this article, I examine, from the text and illustrations of his novels, how astronomy was perceived and conveyed by Jules Verne, with errors and limitations on the one hand, with great respect and enthusiasm on the other hand. This informs us on how astronomy was understood by an “honnête homme” in the late 19th century.

scholarly journals Kant, Nietzsche and the idealization of friendship into nihilism

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (128) ◽  
pp. 401-417
Author(s):  
Paul van Tongeren
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Literary Imagination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Articles Of Faith ◽  
The 19Th Century

Is friendship still possible under nihilistic conditions? Kant and Nietzsche are important stages in the history of the idealization of friendship, which leads inevitably to the problem of nihilism. Nietzsche himself claims on the one hand that only something like friendship can save us in our nihilistic condition, but on the other hand that precisely friendship has been unmasked and become impossible by these very conditions. It seems we are struck in the nihilistic paradox of not being allowed to believe in the possibility of what we cannot do without. Literary imagination since the 19th century seems to make us even more skeptical. Maybe Beckett provides an illustration of a way out that fits well to Nietzsche's claim that only "the most moderate, those who do not require any extreme articles of faith" will be able to cope with nihilism.

scholarly journals PEMIKIRAN JAMALUDDIN AL-AFGHANI (JAMAL AD-DIN AL-AFGHANI) (1838 – 1897 M)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Akmal Hawi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
Islamic Reform ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The People ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

The 19th century to the 20th century is a moment in which Muslims enter a new gate, the gate of renewal. This phase is often referred to as the century of modernism, a century where people are confronted with the fact that the West is far ahead of them. This situation made various responses emerging, various Islamic groups responded in different ways based on their Islamic nature. Some respond with accommodative stance and recognize that the people are indeed doomed and must follow the West in order to rise from the downturn. Others respond by rejecting anything coming from the West because they think it is outside of Islam. These circles believe Islam is the best and the people must return to the foundations of revelation, this circle is often called the revivalists. One of the figures who is an important figure in Islamic reform, Jamaluddin Al-Afghani, a reformer who has its own uniqueness, uniqueness, and mystery. Departing from the division of Islamic features above, Afghani occupies a unique position in responding to Western domination of Islam. On the one hand, Afghani is very moderate by accommodating ideas coming from the West, this is done to improve the decline of the ummah. On the other hand, however, Afghani appeared so loudly when it came to the question of nationality or on matters relating to Islam. As a result, Afghani traces his legs on two different sides, he is a modernist but also a fundamentalist. 

scholarly journals MENILIK PERTUNJUKAN ADU DOMBA DI PRIANGAN PADA MASA KOLONIAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Budi Gustaman
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Sheep Breed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Event ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Other Hand

Adu domba sangat populer di Priangan, khususnya di wilayah Garut. Popularitas adu domba (Garut) tidak bisa dilepaskan dari historisitasnya. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mempertanyakan kemunculan domba Garut serta pertunjukan adu domba pada awal perkembangannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah, dengan memanfaatkan sumber berupa buku dan koran yang diproduksi pada masa kolonial. Temuan utama penelitian ini ialah kemunculan jenis domba Garut dilatarbelakangi impor domba yang diinisiasi oleh K.F. Holle untuk tujuan budidaya wol. Kawin silang domba impor dan domba lokal menghasilkan jenis domba petarung yang lazim disebut domba Garut. Pertunjukan adu domba muncul dari kebiasaan masyarakat pribumi dalam mengadu binatang, hingga berkembang menjadi hiburan yang sering diselenggarakan pada setiap event besar. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah sebagai domba petarung, domba Garut muncul dari ‘ketidaksengajaan’ hingga menjadi populer sejak akhir abad ke-19, dengan diiringi berbagai kecaman dari perspektif orang Eropa perihal esensi permainannya.      Fighting sheep is very popular in Priangan, especially in the Garut region. The popularity of fighting sheep can't be separated from the history that lies behind it. This research is intended to answer the questions about the emergence of Garut sheep and sheep fighting show at the beginning of its development. The method used in this research is the historical method by utilizing sources of books and newspapers produced during the colonial period. The main finding of this study is that the emergence of the Garut sheep breed was motivated by the import of sheep initiated by K.F. Holle for wool cultivation purposes. The crossbreeding of imported sheep and local sheep has resulted in the type of fighting sheep which is now commonly referred to as Garut sheep. The fighting sheep show itself emerged from the indigenous people's habit of fighting animals which later developed into an entertainment that was often held at every major event. The conclusion of this study is that Garut sheep as fighting sheep emerged from an 'accidental habits' and then became popular since the late 19th century. On the other hand, it has also drawn criticism from the perspective of Europeans who are concerned about the essence of the fighting sheep.

scholarly journals Religious Policy In Turkestan In The 20s Of The Xx Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (11) ◽  
pp. 261-268
Author(s):  
Isakova Feruza Rakhmanovna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Religious Policy ◽  
Strict Control ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Regions Of Russia

This article reveals the policy of the Soviet government in relation to Islam in the 1920 of the XX century. This policy was initially dual in nature, that is, on the one hand, the Bolsheviks established strict control in the Muslim regions of Russia, on the other hand, until a certain time Muslims were allowed to follow their traditions and customary norms of life. However, in the second half of the 20 after strengthening its position, the Soviet government began to implement the policy of atheism everywhere in order to finally put an end to religion.

Quaternary Research in France

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (03) ◽  
pp. 369-388
Author(s):  
H. Alimen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Evolution Of Mammals ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

Between the two wars, studies on the Quaternary were scarcely in favor in France. However. from the beginning of the 19th century recent terrains had held the attention of our country’s eminent geologists, and later that of the prehistorians, and starting in the 1850s these terrains were given the first chronological classifications based, on the one hand, on the evolution of Mammals. and on the other hand, on the succession of prehistoric civilizations.

scholarly journals Guidance Behind Criticisms: The Good Parenting as Portrayed in the First Malay Autobiography

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Rahimah Hamdan ◽  
Arba’ie Sujud
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Study ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Family ◽  
New Form ◽  
The One ◽  
Harsh Criticism ◽  
The 19Th Century

This paper was aimed at identifying the guidance to parenting that emerged in the first Malay autobiography, the Hikayat Abdullah, and subsequently, to analyse those instructions on parenting in the context of the traditional Malay society of the 19th century. The recognition accorded to Abdullah Munshi as the Father of Modern Malay Literature has attracted various reactions from scholars. Some scholars regard Abdullah Munshi as the one who brought renewal to Malay literature through his courageous criticism of the customs and culture that had been in practice for generations. On the other hand, there are scholars who disapprove of that recognition being given to him and who consider Abdullah Munshi’s criticisms in his works as a deviation from the reality expressed in previous works. Nevertheless, not a single study has suggested that perhaps Abdullah Munshi firmly emphasized those criticisms with the intention of providing some sort of guidance. Hence, by analysing certain texts in the Hikayat Abdullah and by reviewing the evidence from the perspective of Swettenham (1895), who objectively evaluated the thinking and culture of the Malay community, this study was able to rectify the image of Abdullah Munshi, who, all this while, was considered to be pro-British because of his harsh criticism of the Malay community. Moreover, those criticisms were meant to provide guidance for the family institution, especially for parents. This indirectly proves that Abdullah Munshi took a serious view of parenting and believed that improvements were necessary to produce a dignified and civilized generation. In conclusion, the autobiography, the Hikayat Abdullah, was not just a new form of writing that deviated from the conventions of traditional Malay literature, but was the fruit of the wisdom of the author that was meant to benefit his readers.

scholarly journals OCHRONA ORTODOKSYJNEJ WIARY W USTAWODAWSTWIE JUSTYNIANA

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Sławomir Kursa
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Religious Policy ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Church

Protection of the Orthodox Religion in the Legislation of Justinian I Summary The protection of the Orthodox religion was one of the priorities in Justinian’s life and activities. However, his religious policy was not very different from that of previous Christian emperors. The aim of this article is to show that Justinian’s policy was more a result of tendencies in the legal protection of Orthodoxy which had already developed in the postConstantinian age, in other words Justinian only reinforced existing regulations; and likewise his legislation to eradicate heresy and apostasy was similar to earlier provisions. Justinian used legal measures for the protection of the True Faith in an immensely instrumental way. On the one hand he maintained and introduced numerous material sanctions against heretics and apostates; on the other hand he prescribed material advantages for the Orthodox Church and those in communion with her. There were also material incentives for those who returned to the Church. The article shows that Justinian’s measures followed the same line as the religious regulations introduced by previous Christian emperors, especially Theodosius II.

Edward Lear

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Williams
Keyword(s):  
Full Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Proper Place ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Literary Histories ◽  
The One

Edward Lear wrote a well-known autobiographical poem that begins “How pleasant to know Mr Lear!” But how well do we really know him? On the one hand he is, in John Ashbery’s words, “one of the most popular poets who ever lived”; on the other hand he has often been overlooked or marginalized by scholars and in literary histories. This book, the first full length critical study of the poet since the 1980s, sets out to re-introduce Lear and to accord him his proper place: as a major Victorian figure of continuing appeal and relevance, and especially as a poet of beauty, comedy, and profound ingenuity. It approaches Lear’s work thematically, tracing some of its most fundamental subjects and situations. Grounded in attentive close readings, it connects Lear’s nonsense poetry with his various other creative endeavours: as a zoological illustrator and landscape painter, a travel writer, and a prolific diarist and correspondent.

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