scholarly journals MENILIK PERTUNJUKAN ADU DOMBA DI PRIANGAN PADA MASA KOLONIAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Budi Gustaman
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Sheep Breed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Event ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Other Hand

Adu domba sangat populer di Priangan, khususnya di wilayah Garut. Popularitas adu domba (Garut) tidak bisa dilepaskan dari historisitasnya. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mempertanyakan kemunculan domba Garut serta pertunjukan adu domba pada awal perkembangannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah, dengan memanfaatkan sumber berupa buku dan koran yang diproduksi pada masa kolonial. Temuan utama penelitian ini ialah kemunculan jenis domba Garut dilatarbelakangi impor domba yang diinisiasi oleh K.F. Holle untuk tujuan budidaya wol. Kawin silang domba impor dan domba lokal menghasilkan jenis domba petarung yang lazim disebut domba Garut. Pertunjukan adu domba muncul dari kebiasaan masyarakat pribumi dalam mengadu binatang, hingga berkembang menjadi hiburan yang sering diselenggarakan pada setiap event besar. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah sebagai domba petarung, domba Garut muncul dari ‘ketidaksengajaan’ hingga menjadi populer sejak akhir abad ke-19, dengan diiringi berbagai kecaman dari perspektif orang Eropa perihal esensi permainannya.      Fighting sheep is very popular in Priangan, especially in the Garut region. The popularity of fighting sheep can't be separated from the history that lies behind it. This research is intended to answer the questions about the emergence of Garut sheep and sheep fighting show at the beginning of its development. The method used in this research is the historical method by utilizing sources of books and newspapers produced during the colonial period. The main finding of this study is that the emergence of the Garut sheep breed was motivated by the import of sheep initiated by K.F. Holle for wool cultivation purposes. The crossbreeding of imported sheep and local sheep has resulted in the type of fighting sheep which is now commonly referred to as Garut sheep. The fighting sheep show itself emerged from the indigenous people's habit of fighting animals which later developed into an entertainment that was often held at every major event. The conclusion of this study is that Garut sheep as fighting sheep emerged from an 'accidental habits' and then became popular since the late 19th century. On the other hand, it has also drawn criticism from the perspective of Europeans who are concerned about the essence of the fighting sheep.

scholarly journals Monumente zu Ehren Kaiser Josephs II. Ökonomisierung und Standardisierung im Denkmalkult

2021 ◽  
pp. 625-647
Author(s):  
Werner Telesko
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Full Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Religious Policy ◽  
Casting Technology ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
High Esteem ◽  
The One ◽  
Joseph Ii

Monuments in Honour of Emperor Joseph II. Economization and Standardization in the Cult of Monuments. The Habsburg Emperor Joseph II (r. 1765–1790) was commemorated in the late 19th century in the Austrian hereditary lands, especially in Lower Austria, and in Bohemia, by means of numerous full-length monuments, whereby the ruler was held in high esteem above all because of his religious policy and the liberation of the peasantry he initiated. Most of the statues come from the Moravian foundry in Blansko and do not show elaborate iconographic programmes, but were intended to popularise the regent in the form of generally understandable, easily recognisable solutions. This production demonstrates on the one hand the economization of the cult of monuments directly linked to casting technology, and on the other hand the politicizing coding of entire regions characteristic of the late 19th century which – far from the major metropolises – became hotly contested sites of the Habsburg culture of remembrance.

The Conservation in Lyon and the Long Tradition of Coutume and Usage

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 405-419
Author(s):  
Cornelis M. in ’t Veld
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Legal History ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
Law Merchant

In this contribution I am tracing the legal history of the concepts coutume and usage back from today’s international mercantile law to the Tribunal de la Conservation in early modern Lyon. From the late 19th century some theorists were regarding usage as normative when it could be derived from the consensus between contracting parties. We find this conception of usage, for example, in the CISG. On the other hand, the more romantical strain of theorists on the law merchant was stressing that customary law was normative regardless of the possibility to derive it from the parties’ agreements. In early modern Lyon merchants were invoking usages (and to a lesser extent also coutumes) at the Conservation frequently. Because of the juridification of this tribunal in the late 17th century, we expected that the use of the words coutume and usage was in line with the doctrinal conceptions of their days (according to which coutume was a form of written normative customary law and usage was a non-written normative customary law). This, however, was not always the case: sometimes the judges of the Conservation were using the words in a rather loose sense.

Character

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Murphet
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Literary Theory ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Literary Characters ◽  
The One

Character is a property of narrative and discursive textuality, even as it is also a moral and ethical category referring to individual and collective norms of behavior and motive. This double valence has affected the concept since Aristotle and Plato first began the unfinished, centuries-long project of literary theory. On the one hand, stemming from Aristotle, there has been a tradition of formalist conceptions of character, understanding it as a device used by writers to drive narrative momentum and effect transformations within the discourse. The domain of action, and its variously entailed reactions and consequences, was thought to belong to the agents of narrative discourse by rights, while what was generally called their “character” typically concerned the incidental qualifications and explanations of their actions in speech and thought. Once that distinction is made, however, there are smaller and smaller units into which agency can logically be subdivided, and more and more arbitrary and capricious qualities of character used to flesh out an abstract narratological principle. The histories of formalism, structuralism, and poststructuralism attest to this labor of specialization and fissiparous subdivision of the bound concepts of agent and character. On the other hand, stemming from Plato, we see a centuries-long interest in the mutually interactive relations between imaginary persons, or fictional selves, and the fashioning of public or social selves in regimes of education and discipline. The question of the role of literary characters in the formation of good citizens, or indeed delinquent ones, is one that refuses to go away, since it has proven impossible to separate fiction from reality in the complex processes of self-fashioning through which every subject must go. One last matter of interest has exerted more theoretical influence over the concept in recent years, and that is the topic of affects: the qualities and intensities of human feelings can be seen to have had a major bearing on the writing and elaboration of fictional beings, and vice versa, at least since the late 19th century.

scholarly journals Astronomy and astronomers in Jules Verne's novels

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S260) ◽  
pp. 321-326
Author(s):  
Jacques Crovisier
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Jules Verne ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All

AbstractAlmost all the Voyages Extraordinaires written by Jules Verne refer to astronomy. In some of them, astronomy is even the leading theme. However, Jules Verne was basically not learned in science. His knowledge of astronomy came from contemporaneous popular publications and discussions with specialists among his friends or his family. In this article, I examine, from the text and illustrations of his novels, how astronomy was perceived and conveyed by Jules Verne, with errors and limitations on the one hand, with great respect and enthusiasm on the other hand. This informs us on how astronomy was understood by an “honnête homme” in the late 19th century.

scholarly journals Joint Jewish and Muslim Holy Places, Religious Beliefs and Festivals in Jerusalem between the Late 19th Century and 1948

Religions ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Menachem Klein
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Holy Places

Whereas the conflict over Palestine’s’ holy places and their role in forming Israeli or Palestinian national identity is well studied, this article brings to the fore an absent perspective. It shows that in the first half of the 20th century Muslims and Jews in Jerusalem shared holy sites, religious beliefs and feasts. Jewish–Muslim encounters of that period went much beyond pre-modern practices of cohabitation, to the extent of developing joint local patriotism. On the other hand, religious and other holy sites were instrumental in the Jewish and Palestinian exclusive nation building process rather than an inclusive one, thus contributing to escalate the national conflict.

A Nabatean port on the Red Sea: note on the pottery finds from al-Qusayr (al-Wajh, Saudi Arabia)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Durand
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Roman Egypt ◽  
Pottery Sherds ◽  
First Time

Al-Qusayr is located 40 km south of modern al-Wajh, roughly 7 km from the eastern Red Sea shore. This site is known since the mid-19th century, when the explorer R. Burton described it for the first time, in particular the remains of a monumental building so-called al-Qasr. In March 2016, a new survey of the site was undertaken by the al-‘Ula–al-Wajh Survey Project. This survey focused not only on al-Qasr but also on the surrounding site corresponding to the ancient settlement. A surface collection of pottery sherds revealed a striking combination of Mediterranean and Egyptian imports on one hand, and of Nabataean productions on the other hand. This material is particularly homogeneous on the chronological point of view, suggesting a rather limited occupation period for the site. Attesting contacts between Mediterranean merchants, Roman Egypt and the Nabataean kingdom, these new data allow a complete reassessment of the importance of this locality in the Red Sea trade routes during antiquity.

scholarly journals Kant, Nietzsche and the idealization of friendship into nihilism

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (128) ◽  
pp. 401-417
Author(s):  
Paul van Tongeren
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Literary Imagination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Articles Of Faith ◽  
The 19Th Century

Is friendship still possible under nihilistic conditions? Kant and Nietzsche are important stages in the history of the idealization of friendship, which leads inevitably to the problem of nihilism. Nietzsche himself claims on the one hand that only something like friendship can save us in our nihilistic condition, but on the other hand that precisely friendship has been unmasked and become impossible by these very conditions. It seems we are struck in the nihilistic paradox of not being allowed to believe in the possibility of what we cannot do without. Literary imagination since the 19th century seems to make us even more skeptical. Maybe Beckett provides an illustration of a way out that fits well to Nietzsche's claim that only "the most moderate, those who do not require any extreme articles of faith" will be able to cope with nihilism.

scholarly journals PEMIKIRAN JAMALUDDIN AL-AFGHANI (JAMAL AD-DIN AL-AFGHANI) (1838 – 1897 M)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Akmal Hawi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
Islamic Reform ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The People ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

The 19th century to the 20th century is a moment in which Muslims enter a new gate, the gate of renewal. This phase is often referred to as the century of modernism, a century where people are confronted with the fact that the West is far ahead of them. This situation made various responses emerging, various Islamic groups responded in different ways based on their Islamic nature. Some respond with accommodative stance and recognize that the people are indeed doomed and must follow the West in order to rise from the downturn. Others respond by rejecting anything coming from the West because they think it is outside of Islam. These circles believe Islam is the best and the people must return to the foundations of revelation, this circle is often called the revivalists. One of the figures who is an important figure in Islamic reform, Jamaluddin Al-Afghani, a reformer who has its own uniqueness, uniqueness, and mystery. Departing from the division of Islamic features above, Afghani occupies a unique position in responding to Western domination of Islam. On the one hand, Afghani is very moderate by accommodating ideas coming from the West, this is done to improve the decline of the ummah. On the other hand, however, Afghani appeared so loudly when it came to the question of nationality or on matters relating to Islam. As a result, Afghani traces his legs on two different sides, he is a modernist but also a fundamentalist. 

scholarly journals La critique environnementale dans les récits animaliers de René Maran

Il Tolomeo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Milanesio
Keyword(s):  
Colonial Period ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Native Population ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Rene Maran ◽  
The One

This article aims at analysing René Maran’s five animal novels. In these texts, Maran criticizes the colonial system not only for its cruelty to the native population, but also for its ecological violence against the bush and its non-human inhabitants. In particular, this research will be focusing on the author’s ability to abandon a human (and colonial) point of view in order to adopt an animal one. On the one hand, this new subjectivity – as well as Maran’s comprehension of indigenous naturalist society – allows the writer to condemn the colonial period from an ecocritical perspective. On the other hand, it provides evidence of the existence of culture among the beasts of his novels. Finally, this article will also prove that it is thanks to their culture that Maran’s animals will try to resist the colonial-centred environment and ideology.

scholarly journals El poder subversivo de la fábula en sus diversas manifestaciones diacrónicas

2015 ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Gordana Matic
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Aspect ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Moral Aspect ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Selection Of

<div class="WordSection1"><p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>La fábula ha tenido desde siempre una función retórica e ilustrativa que se ha manifestado a lo largo de la historia de modo dual: mostraba para enseñar, lo que muchas veces implicaba el componente moralizador, o para criticar. Mientras se empeñaba en conseguir una de las dos intencionalidades, o las dos simultáneamente, ha podido ser revestida de un tono humorístico, burlón, irónico o sarcástico. Partiendo de las observaciones sobre el género de Fedro, Rodríguez Adrados o Mireya Camurati, en este trabajo nos proponemos analizar una selección de fábulas clásicas, medievales, dieciochescas y decimonónicas, para demostrar que el aspecto crítico e incluso subversivo del género se mantiene abiertamente activo aun en las épocas en las que se potencia su intención didáctico-moralizante.</p><p>Palabras clave: fábula, definiciones del género, estudio diacrónico, aspecto crítico, aspecto didáctico-moralizante</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The fable has always had a rhetoric and illustrative function that manifested itself during its long history in two different ways: on one hand, it represented an example in order to teach, which usually implied the moral component, or on the other hand, to criticize. While it strived to achieve one of these intentions, or sometimes both simultaneously, it could have been written in a humorous, mocking, ironic or sarcastic tone. In this paper, we analyze a selection of classical and medieval, 18th and 19th century fables written in Spanish, with definitions proposed by Phaedrus, Rodríguez Adrados and Mireya Camurati as starting points, in order to show that the critical aspect of this genre was openly maintained and taken benefit of even in the historical periods when its didactic and moralizing intention was preferred and strongly emphasized.</p></div><p>Key words: fable, definition of genre, diachronic approach, critical aspect, didactic and moral aspect</p><p> </p>

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