scholarly journals Microbiota of different wine grape berries

10.5219/1047 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslava Kačániová ◽  
Simona Kunova ◽  
Soňa Felsöciová ◽  
Eva Ivanišová ◽  
Attila Kántor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Leuconostoc Mesenteroides ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Issatchenkia Orientalis ◽  
Tryptone Soya Agar ◽  
Alternaria Sp

The wine grape berries share a complex microbial ecology including filamentous fungi, yeasts and bacteria. The microbiota reveals different physiological characteristics and depends on the grape ripening stage and the availability of nutrients with different effect on wine production. The microbiota of grape berries (n = 12) was isolated and identified in the present study. The samples were collected in September 2018. Grape berries were obtained from Vrbovo vineyard located in Slovakia. The grape berries investigated belonged to Blue Frankish, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Dornfelder, Feteasca regala, Green Veltliner, Irsai Oliver, Mūller Thurgau, Pálava, Pinot Blanc, Rhinriesling and Welschriesling varieties. The microorganisms were cultivated on Malt extract agar (MEA) at 25 °C for five days in aerobically for microscopic filamentous fungi and Tryptone Soya agar (TSA) at 37 °C for 24 – 48 h aerobically for bacteria and yeasts. Total bacterial counts on different wine grape berries ranged from 2.57 ±0.09 in Chardonnay to 4.39 ±0.21 log CFU.g-1 in Pálava. Microscopic filamentous fungi count ranged from 1.18 ±0.03 in Blue Frankish to 2.60 ±0.17 log CFU.g-1 in Welschriesling. MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper mass spectrometry was used for identification of microorganisms (bacteria and yeasts) and microscopic filamentous fungi with manuals. The most identified microscopic fungal species was Alternaria sp., for yeasts Issatchenkia orientalis and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides for bacteria.

scholarly journals Isolation of Filamentous Fungi Species Contaminating Some Nigerian Food Commodities

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Augustina Egbuta ◽  
Mulunda Mwanza ◽  
Patrick Berka Njobeh ◽  
Judith Zanele Phoku ◽  
Cynthia Adaku Chilaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Molecular Method ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Identification Of Fungi ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Food Commodities

<p>Samples of maize, rice, cocoa and cocoa-based powder beverage) collected from different stores and markets in south-western Nigeria were screened for filamentous fungi contamination using conventional and molecular methods. Samples were cultured aseptically on potato dextrose agar (PDA), ohio agricultural experimental agar (OEASA), Malt Extract Agar (MEA) and Czapek Yeast Agar (CYA) prior to fungi isolation. Conventional methods comprising of macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of isolated fungi species were implemented in the analysis for identification of fungi species. Molecular method of identification involved DNA extraction, Polymerase chain Reaction (PCR) using ITS-1/ITS-4 primer pair and nucleotide sequencing. Results obtained indicated a range of filamentous fungi genus including <em>Aspergillus</em>, <em>Penicillium</em>, <em>Fusarium</em>, <em>Alternaria,</em> <em>Cladosporium</em> and <em>Rhizopus</em> contaminating the food commodities with <em>Aspergillus</em> and <em>Penicillium</em> species dominating most of the samples. High incidences were recorded for <em>Aspergillus flavus</em>, <em>Aspergillus niger</em> and <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em> in most of the samples screened. The occurrence of these filamentous fungal species pose a reason for concern as most of these fungal species are known producers of toxic substances. This study was carried out to contribute to mycological screening of different Nigerian food commodities for a variety of filamentous fungi species.</p>

Brix, pH and anthocyanin content determination in whole Port wine grape berries by hyperspectral imaging and neural networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 88-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando M. Fernandes ◽  
Camilo Franco ◽  
Ana Mendes-Ferreira ◽  
Arlete Mendes-Faia ◽  
Pedro Leal da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Port Wine ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Content Determination

scholarly journals Molds in museum environments: Biodeterioration of art photographs and wooden sculptures

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Ljaljevic-Grbic ◽  
M. Stupar ◽  
Jelena Vukojevic ◽  
Ivana Maricic ◽  
Natasa Bungur
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Chaetomium Globosum ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Cultural Center ◽  
Fungal Propagules ◽  
Alternaria Sp

Pieces of art stored in museum depots and display rooms are subject to fungal colonization that leads to bio-deterioration processes. Deteriorated wooden sculptures and art photographs temporarily stored in the quarantine room of the Cultural Center of Belgrade were subject to mycological analyses. Twelve fungal species were identified on the wooden substratum and five species were detected on photograph surfaces. Trichoderma viride, Chaetomium globosum and Alternaria sp. were the fungi with proven cellulolytic activity detected on the examined cellulose substrata. Indoor air mycobiota were estimated to 210.09 ? 8.06 CFU m-3, and the conidia of fungus Aspergillus niger were the dominant fungal propagules in the air of the examined room.

Paraboeremia yungensis sp. nov., a new fungal species isolated from Las Yungas, South America, with promising tyrosinase production potential

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 528 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-201
Author(s):  
MARIA PATRICIA PERALTA ◽  
JOAQUÍN ALIAGA ◽  
OSVALDO DANIEL DELGADO ◽  
JULIA INÉS FARIÑA ◽  
BERNARDO ERNESTO LECHNER
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Identification Approach

In the context of a bioprospection programme for tyrosinase/L-DOPA- and melanin-producing fungal strains for biotechnological purposes, a hyperproducer isolate was obtained from Las Yungas rainforest, a relevant biodiverse ecoregion in North-Western Argentina. The selected strain was preliminarily identified as Paraboeremia sp. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first native reported species of this genus in South America. Single-gene and multi-locus analyses of the internal transcribed spacer nuclear ribosomal RNA gene region (ITS), partial large subunit 28S nrDNA region (LSU), RNA polymerase II region (RPB2) and partial β-tubulin gene (TUB2) alignments were carried out to define the phylogenetic identity of this strain. As part of a polyphasic identification approach, these results were combined with morphological studies of active cultures growing on malt extract, oatmeal and potato dextrose agar plates. Incubation was performed under diverse conditions to stimulate sporulation for the subsequent micromorphological analysis. Microphotographs of pycnidia and conidia were taken with a scanning electron microscope. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses supported the location of the strain within the genus Paraboeremia, whilst morphological features allowed distinguishing it from previously described species within this genus. Based on the results herein reported, the new South-American species Paraboeremia yungensis is described and proposed.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Shows Conserved Metabolic Regulation during Production of Secondary Metabolites in Filamentous Fungi

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Christian Nielsen ◽  
Sylvain Prigent ◽  
Sietske Grijseels ◽  
Mhairi Workman ◽  
Boyang Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Fungal Metabolism ◽  
Cell Factories

ABSTRACTFilamentous fungi possess great potential as sources of medicinal bioactive compounds, such as antibiotics, but efficient production is hampered by a limited understanding of how their metabolism is regulated. We investigated the metabolism of six secondary metabolite-producing fungi of thePenicilliumgenus during nutrient depletion in the stationary phase of batch fermentations and assessed conserved metabolic responses across species using genome-wide transcriptional profiling. A coexpression analysis revealed that expression of biosynthetic genes correlates with expression of genes associated with pathways responsible for the generation of precursor metabolites for secondary metabolism. Our results highlight the main metabolic routes for the supply of precursors for secondary metabolism and suggest that the regulation of fungal metabolism is tailored to meet the demands for secondary metabolite production. These findings can aid in identifying fungal species that are optimized for the production of specific secondary metabolites and in designing metabolic engineering strategies to develop high-yielding fungal cell factories for production of secondary metabolites.IMPORTANCESecondary metabolites are a major source of pharmaceuticals, especially antibiotics. However, the development of efficient processes of production of secondary metabolites has proved troublesome due to a limited understanding of the metabolic regulations governing secondary metabolism. By analyzing the conservation in gene expression across secondary metabolite-producing fungal species, we identified a metabolic signature that links primary and secondary metabolism and that demonstrates that fungal metabolism is tailored for the efficient production of secondary metabolites. The insight that we provide can be used to develop high-yielding fungal cell factories that are optimized for the production of specific secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical interest.

Diversified Microbial Community Developed in Different Fruit Juice of Wine Fermentation

2017 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duongruitai Nicomrat ◽  
Siriphatrc Chamutpong
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Wine Fermentation ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Fermented Broth ◽  
Grape Varieties

In the process of grape wine fermentation, it has been long known that different flavor, aroma and taste characteristics are usually from various microbes associated grape strains and grape varieties. In the study, we were interested in understanding diversity of microbial niches of fermented glutinous rice ball developed in variety of fruit wine fermentation. Since different raw materials, fruits together with different microbial consortium associated with fruit surface itself affected various dominant culturable bacterial and fungal species. In the study, freshly prepared juices of fruits; mangoes and apples after processing without the pasteurization at 65°C for 30 min revealed dissimilar pH profiles and reducing sugar contents as well as alcohol production. Under microbiological examination as well as serial dilution agar plate technique, diverse dominant bacterial and fungal isolates were detected in the wine sample of the fruits pasteurized. The nutrients originated in apple sample caused more populations of microbes, including dominant bacilli, detected in the fermented broth since they were found in apples than in mangoes (104-1013 and 104-106 cells/ mL, respectively). From the results, it was shown that different nutrient sources played more important roles in stimulation of variations in microbial assort and possibly more complex in fermented juice qualification. The understanding in microflora consortium involving in wine fermentation for each fruit type should be helpful in monitoring and reflecting the concurrent microbial activity present in the large scale of wine production, reducing the risks of existing spoilage species.

Evaluation of Bacterial and Fungal Growth Media for Ability to Neutralize Cosmetic Preservatives

1980 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1200-1204
Author(s):  
Allan M Littell ◽  
Michael J Palmieri ◽  
Neil B Bisciello
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Plate Counts

Abstract Standard methods agar (SMA) and letheen agar (essentially SMA plus lecithin and Tween 80) were compared for bacterial growth and ability to neutralize cosmetic preservatives. Potato dextrose and malt extract agars (each prepared with and without lecithin and Tween 80) were compared with letheen agar and SMA in similar studies with fungi. Twelve bacterial strains, representing 8 species, and 2 fungal species were used as inocula. Plate counts of bacterial cultures (no preservatives present) ranged from 0 to 50% higher on letheen agar than on SMA except for 3 strains of Staphylococcus, which were 8-29% lower. Fungal counts were about the same on all media. Cosmetics (10 g) representing 4 preservative systems (hexachlorophene, benzoin, formaldehyde, and parabens) were inoculated with diluted cultures. Counts at 10−1 and 10−2 dilutions were typically 10-200% higher on letheen agar; however, in one case (benzoin, S. aureus, 10−1) the count was 400 on SMA vs 20 000 on letheen agar. Although differences in fungal counts were not as great, letheen agar partially neutralized the preservatives’ action. Results show that product dilution does not sufficiently reduce the effects of preservative carryover and neutralizers should be incorporated into plating media for this purpose.

Farming System Effect on the Incidence of Aspergillus carbonarius on Kotsifali Grapes and Ochratoxin A Occurrence in Wines of Crete

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 1796-1800
Author(s):  
EMMANOUIL KONTAXAKIS ◽  
IOANNIS FYSARAKIS ◽  
DIMITRIS LYDAKIS ◽  
NARESH MAGAN
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Aspergillus Carbonarius ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
System Effect ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Organic Farming System

ABSTRACT During grape cultivation and wine production, the most effective way to prevent ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination of grapes and wine is to control ochratoxigenic fungal species, especially Aspergillus carbonarius, using appropriate cultivation techniques. In this study, the influence of an organic farming system (OFS) and an integrated farming system (IFS) on the incidence of A. carbonarius on grapes, and OTA contamination of wine, were examined. Mycological analysis of grapes collected from Kotsifali cultivar (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyards and grown under two farming systems (OFS and IFS) was performed over two growing seasons. For the same two growing seasons, OTA levels of representative wine samples from wineries located in the same area, made from the same cultivar (single varietal or covinificated with Mandilari), and grown under the two farming systems were determined. The results showed that the farming system had a significant influence on the incidence of A. carbonarius, with IFS being the most effective in the control of the fungus and the prevention of OTA occurrence in wine. This knowledge could offer viticulturists a useful tool to produce safer grapes, giving winemakers an incentive to make low-OTA wine. HIGHLIGHTS

A CAPS test allowing a rapid distinction of Penicillium expansum among fungal species collected on grape berries, inferred from the sequence and secondary structure of the mitochondrial SSU-rRNA

2006 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Garcia ◽  
Stéphane La Guerche ◽  
Bello Mouhamadou ◽  
Cyril Férandon ◽  
Jacques Labarère ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Grape Berries

scholarly journals Does Prolonged Exposure of Environmental Fungi to Ultraviolet Irradiation Change the Pattern of Drug Resistance?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ensieh Lotfali ◽  
Behshad Valizadeh ◽  
Reza Ghasemi ◽  
Seyed Amir Hossein Feghhi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Uv C ◽  
Scanning Electron

Background: The pathogenic and opportunistic fungal species cause life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. The ultraviolet (UV) germicidal irradiation is a well-known method for inactivating a significant number of microorganisms and has wide application for sterilization. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of ultraviolet C (UV-C) irradiation on the antifungal susceptibility pattern of some filamentous fungi. Methods: The effect of UV-C on the antifungal susceptibility pattern of itraconazole, voriconazole, fluconazole, and amphotericin B against filamentous fungi was examined. Changes in the morphological features of resistant strains following UV-C irradiation were also evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Results: The results revealed a significant decrease in the number of the surviving spores of strains with the prolongation of UV-C irradiation (0 - 10 to 20 min; P < 0.05). Concerning the morphology of resistant Aspergillus spp., the results of scanning electron microscopy showed a significant increase in the length of irradiated hyphae compared to the non-irradiated hyphae (P < 0.05). In addition, colony count showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05). The findings revealed that UV-C radiation exposure could alter the antifungal susceptibility pattern of Aspergillus spp., such as increasing the minimum inhibitory concentration. Conclusions: Aspergillus spp. can cause systemic infections among lab technicians exposed to different doses of radiation. Moreover, this increase in susceptibility pattern can directly affect the duration of treatment.

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