Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that cause illness such as respiratory diseases or gastrointestinal diseases. Respiratory diseases can range from the common cold to more severe diseases. A novel coronavirus outbreak was first documented in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic. A global coordinated effort is needed to stop the further spread of the virus. A novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a new strain that has not been identified in humans previously. Once scientists determine exactly what coronavirus it is, they give it a name (as in the case of COVID-19, the virus causing it is SARS-CoV-2).

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The Risk of Death in 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Hubei Province

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3539655 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Vincent Yi Fong Su ◽

Yao-Hsu Yang ◽

Kuang-Yao Yang ◽

Kun-Ta Chou ◽

Wei-Juin Su ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hubei Province ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Novel Coronavirus

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Evolving epidemiology of novel coronavirus diseases 2019 and possible interruption of local transmission outside Hubei Province in China: a descriptive and modeling study

10.1101/2020.02.21.20026328 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Juanjuan Zhang ◽

Maria Litvinova ◽

Wei Wang ◽

Yan Wang ◽

Xiaowei Deng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Mainland China ◽

The Elderly ◽

Hubei Province ◽

Epidemic Threshold ◽

Epidemic Dynamics ◽

Serial Interval ◽

The Mean ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Local Transmission

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 epidemic originated in Wuhan City of Hubei Province in December 2019 and has spread throughout China. Understanding the fast evolving epidemiology and transmission dynamics of the outbreak beyond Hubei would provide timely information to guide intervention policy.MethodsWe collected individual information on 8,579 laboratory-confirmed cases from official publically sources reported outside Hubei in mainland China, as of February 17, 2020. We estimated the temporal variation of the demographic characteristics of cases and key time-to-event intervals. We used a Bayesian approach to estimate the dynamics of the net reproduction number (Rt) at the provincial level.ResultsThe median age of the cases was 44 years, with an increasing of cases in younger age groups and the elderly as the epidemic progressed. The delay from symptom onset to hospital admission decreased from 4.4 days (95%CI: 0.0-14.0) until January 27 to 2.6 days (0.0-9.0) from January 28 to February 17. The mean incubation period was estimated at 5.2 days (1.8-12.4) and the mean serial interval at 5.1 days (1.3-11.6). The epidemic dynamics in provinces outside Hubei was highly variable, but consistently included a mix of case importations and local transmission. We estimate that the epidemic was self-sustained for less than three weeks with Rt reaching peaks between 1.40 (1.04-1.85) in Shenzhen City of Guangdong Province and 2.17 (1.69-2.76) in Shandong Province. In all the analyzed locations (n=10) Rt was estimated to be below the epidemic threshold since the end of January.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the strict containment measures and movement restrictions in place may contribute to the interruption of local COVID-19 transmission outside Hubei Province. The shorter serial interval estimated here implies that transmissibility is not as high as initial estimates suggested.

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COVID-19 in a Designated Infectious Diseases HospitalOutside Hubei Province,China

10.1101/2020.02.17.20024018 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Qingxian Cai ◽

Deliang Huang ◽

Pengcheng Ou ◽

Hong Yu ◽

Zhibin Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hubei Province ◽

Initial Symptom ◽

Wuhan City ◽

Hospital System ◽

Risk Of Progression ◽

New Type ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Underlying Diseases ◽

Overall Mortality

AbstractBackgroundA new type of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province. Previous investigations reported patients in Wuhan city often progressed into severe or critical and had a high mortality rate.The clinical characteristics of affected patients outside the epicenter of Hubei province are less well understood.MethodsAll confirmed COVID-19 case treated in the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen,from January 11, 2020 to February 6, 2020, were included in this study. We analyzed the epidemiological and clinical features of these cases to better inform patient management in normal hospital settings.ResultsAmong the 298 confirmed cases, 233(81.5%) had been to Hubei while 42(14%) had not clear epidemiological history. Only 192(64%) cases presented with fever as initial symptom. The lymphocyte count decreased in 38% patients after admission. The number (percent) of cases classified as non-severe and severe was 240(80.6%) and 58(19.4%) respectively. Thirty-two patients (10.7%) needed ICU care. Compared to the non-severe cases, severe cases were associated with older age, underlying diseases, as well as higher levels of CRP, IL-6 and ESR. The median (IRQ) duration of positive viral test were 14(10-19). Slower clearance of virus was associated with higher risk of progression to severe clinical condition. As of February 14, 2020, 66(22.1%) patients were discharged and the overall mortality rate remains 0.ConclusionsIn a designated hospital outside the Hubei Province, COVID-19 patients were mainly characterized by mild symptoms and could be effectively manage by properly using the existing hospital system.

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COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Disaster

OIRT Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences ◽

10.53944/ojhss-2103 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 7-8

Author(s):

Solomon Arigwe Joseph ◽

Abuhuraira Ado Musa ◽

Faisal Muhammad ◽

Tijjani Muhammad Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Hubei Province ◽

Public Health Emergency ◽

World Health ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Health Organization

People began to become ill in late December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and the illness was revealed to be a kind of pneumonia with unusual signs and symptoms. It was eventually discovered as a novel coronavirus, a virus that causes widespread sickness in animals and birds. World Health Organization (WHO) named this new viral disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in January 2020.

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Homology Models of Wuhan Coronavirus 3CLpro Protease

10.26434/chemrxiv.11637294.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Martin Stoermer

Keyword(s):

Cysteine Protease ◽

Viral Genome ◽

First Generation ◽

Genomic Data ◽

Hubei Province ◽

Rapid Release ◽

Main Protease ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Homology Models

A regional outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China in late 2019 was associated with a novel coronavirus. Rapid release of genomic data for the isolated virus enabled the construction of first-generation homology models of the new CoV 3CL<sup>pro</sup> cysteine protease. Whilst the overall viral genome was most closely associated with bat coronaviruses, the main protease is most closely related (96% identity) to SARS CoV protease.

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Highland of COVID-19 outside Hubei: epidemic characteristics, control and projections of Wenzhou, China

10.1101/2020.02.25.20024398 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Liangde Xu ◽

Jian Yuan ◽

Yaru Zhang ◽

Guosi Zhang ◽

Fan Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care Workers ◽

Hubei Province ◽

Transmission Model ◽

Unknown Aetiology ◽

Expected Number ◽

Coastal City ◽

Care Workers ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

And Control ◽

Epidemiologic Characteristics

In late December 2019, Chinese authorities reported a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown aetiology in Wuhan, China1. A novel strain of coronavirus named Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was isolated and identified on 2 January 2020 2. Human-to-human transmission have been confirmed by a study of a family cluster and have occurred in health-care workers 3,4. Until 10 February 2020, 42638 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have been confirmed in China, of which 31728 came from Hubei Province (Figure). Wenzhou, as a southeast coastal city with the most cases outside Hubei Province, its policy control and epidemic projections have certain references for national and worldwide epidemic prevention and control. We described the epidemiologic characteristics of COVID-19 in Wenzhou and made a transmission model to predict the expected number of cases in the coming days.

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A comparison of COVID-19, SARS and MERS

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.9725 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e9725 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tingting Hu ◽

Ying Liu ◽

Mingyi Zhao ◽

Quan Zhuang ◽

Linyong Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Hubei Province ◽

World Health ◽

Atypical Pneumonia ◽

Organization Studies ◽

Optimal Method ◽

The World ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Health Organization

In mid-December 2019, a novel atypical pneumonia broke out in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and was caused by a newly identified coronavirus, initially termed 2019 Novel Coronavirus and subsequently severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of 19 May 2020, a total of 4,731,458 individuals were reported as infected with SARS-CoV-2 among 213 countries, areas or territories with recorded cases, and the overall case-fatality rate was 6.6% (316,169 deaths among 4,731,458 recorded cases), according to the World Health Organization. Studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 is notably similar to (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) SARS-CoV that emerged in 2002–2003 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that spread during 2012, and these viruses all contributed to global pandemics. The ability of SARS-CoV-2 to rapidly spread a pneumonia-like disease from Hubei Province, China, throughout the world has provoked widespread concern. The main symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) include fever, cough, myalgia, fatigue and lower respiratory signs. At present, nucleic acid tests are widely recommended as the optimal method for detecting SARS-CoV-2. However, obstacles remain, including the global shortage of testing kits and the presentation of false negatives. Experts suggest that almost everyone in China is susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to date, there are no effective treatments. In light of the references published, this review demonstrates the biological features, spread, diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 as a whole and aims to analyse the similarities and differences among SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV to provide new ideas and suggestions for prevention, diagnosis and clinical treatment.

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COVID-19: Diagnosis, Management and Response

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i40b32276 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 161-170

Author(s):

Ashwini Shalikrao Mhaske ◽

Swaroopa Chakole

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Hubei Province ◽

Positive Patient ◽

The Novel ◽

Wuhan City ◽

Corona Virus ◽

Early Reaction ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Predetermined Number

Background: COVID infection 2019 (COVID-19) is identified as a disease caused by Corona virus formally known as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), which was first detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, amidst of an outbreak of respiratory sickness cases. Summary: As there is no affirmed total course of treatment for the Novel Coronavirus, the best way to handle it is by playing it safe, its administration and early reaction. Segregation and disinfection go inseparably with regards to dealing with a COVID positive patient. In any case, the predetermined number of clinical office accessible is blocking the cycle of control and anticipation for a particularly number of infected patients. Conclusion: As the pandemic is advancing, more examinations and exploration is needed to effectively deal with the spread of the novel Corona virus. Foundation improvement and arrangement of clinical office and gear is the preeminent prerequisite for early reaction and treatment.

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Understanding the Molecular Mechanism(s) of SARS-CoV2 Infection and Propagation in Human to Discover Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Approach

10.31219/osf.io/msygr ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dhruv Kumar

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Molecular Mechanism ◽

Therapeutic Approach ◽

Hubei Province ◽

Human Cells ◽

Huge Number ◽

The World ◽

Novel Coronavirus

In December 2019, outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and exported across the world leading to thousands of deaths and millions of suspected cases. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection into the host undergoes a huge number of complex replicative machineries which still remains unclear. Understanding the mechanism (s) of replication and mode of infection of SARS-CoV2 to human cells will help us in the development of novel vaccines or drugs for the eradication and prevention of the disease. This review compiles the knowledge of SARS-CoV2 replicative machinery, mode of infection to the human cells and the development of drugs and vaccines which are currently under clinical trials.

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