The Risk of Death in 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Hubei Province

Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that cause illness such as respiratory diseases or gastrointestinal diseases. Respiratory diseases can range from the common cold to more severe diseases. A novel coronavirus outbreak was first documented in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic. A global coordinated effort is needed to stop the further spread of the virus. A novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a new strain that has not been identified in humans previously. Once scientists determine exactly what coronavirus it is, they give it a name (as in the case of COVID-19, the virus causing it is SARS-CoV-2).

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Evaluating of the association between ABO blood groups and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Iraqi patients

Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics ◽

10.1186/s43042-020-00097-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ali H. Ad’hiah ◽

Risala H. Allami ◽

Raghdan H. Mohsin ◽

Maha H. Abdullah ◽

Ali J. R. AL-Sa’ady ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Groups ◽

Abo Blood Groups ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Fluorescence Probing ◽

Group A ◽

Risk Of Disease ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Polymorphic System ◽

Made In

Abstract Background Susceptibility to the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has recently been associated with ABO blood groups in patients of different ethnicities. This study sought to understand the genetic association of this polymorphic system with risk of disease in Iraqi patients. Two outcomes of COVID-19, recovery and death, were also explored. ABO blood groups were determined in 300 hospitalized COVID-19 Iraqi patients (159 under therapy, 104 recovered, and 37 deceased) and 595 healthy blood donors. The detection kit for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) RNA (PCR-Fluorescence Probing) was used in the diagnosis of disease. Results Mean age was significantly increased in patients compared to controls (49.8 ± 11.7 vs. 28.9 ± 6.6 years; p < 0.001). A similar observation was made in recovered (42.1 ± 10.4 vs. 28.9 ± 6.6 years; p < 0.001) and deceased (53.6 ± 9.7 vs. 28.9 ± 6.6 years; p < 0.001) cases. The mean age was also significantly increased in deceased cases compared to recovered cases (53.6 ± 9.7 vs. 42.1 ± 10.4 years; p < 0.001). There were gender-dependent differences in COVID-19 prevalence. The percentage of COVID-19 was higher in males than in females (all cases: 59.7 vs. 40.3%; recovered cases: 55.8 vs. 44.2%). Such male-gender preponderance was more pronounced in deceased cases (67.6 vs. 32.4%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that groups AB and B + AB were significantly associated with increased risk to develop COVID-19 (OR = 3.10; 95% CI 1.59–6.05; pc = 0.007 and OR = 2.16; 95% CI 1.28–3.63; pc = 0.028, respectively). No ABO-associated risk was observed in recovered cases. On the contrary, groups A (OR = 14.60; 95% CI 2.85–74.88; pc = 0.007), AB (OR = 12.92; 95% CI 2.11–79.29; pc = 0.042), A + AB (OR = 14.67; 95% CI 2.98–72.33; pc = 0.007), and A + B + AB (OR = 9.67; 95% CI 2.02–46.24; pc = 0.035) were associated with increased risk of death in deceased cases. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that group AB may be a susceptibility biomarker for COVID-19, while group A may be associated with increased risk of death.

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Clinical Features of Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology ◽

10.2215/cjn.04160320 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 1139-1145 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Jun Wu ◽

Jushuang Li ◽

Geli Zhu ◽

Yanxia Zhang ◽

Zhimin Bi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Features ◽

Troponin I ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Cardiac Injury ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Novel Coronavirus

Background and objectivesPrevious reports on the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 were on the basis of data from the general population. Our study aimed to investigate the clinical features of patients on maintenance hemodialysis.Design, setting, participants, & measurements In this retrospective, single-center study, we included 49 hospitalized patients on maintenance hemodialysis and 52 hospitalized patients without kidney failure (controls) with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 at Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University from January 30, 2020 to March 10, 2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiologic characteristics and treatment and outcomes data were analyzed. The final date of follow-up was March 19, 2020.ResultsThe median age of 101 patients was 62 years (interquartile range, 49–72). All patients were local residents of Wuhan. In terms of common symptoms, there were differences between patients on hemodialysis and controls (fatigue [59% versus 83%], dry cough [49% versus 71%], and fever [47% versus 90%]). Lymphocyte counts were decreased (0.8×109/L [patients on hemodialysis] versus 0.9×109/L [controls], P=0.02). Comparing patients on hemodialysis with controls, creatine kinase–muscle and brain type, myoglobin, hypersensitive troponin I, B-type natriuretic peptide, and procalcitonin were increased, and the percentage of abnormalities in bilateral lung was higher in computed tomographic scan (82% versus 69%, P=0.15) and unilateral lung was lower (10% versus 27%, P=0.03). Common complications including shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, arrhythmia, and acute cardiac injury in patients on hemodialysis were significantly higher. Compared with controls, more patients on hemodialysis received noninvasive ventilation (25% versus 6%, P=0.008). As of March 19, 2020, three patients on hemodialysis (6%) were transferred to the intensive care unit and received invasive ventilation. Seven patients on hemodialysis (14%) had died.ConclusionsThe main symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia, including fever and cough, were less common in patients on hemodialysis. Patients on hemodialysis with coronavirus disease 2019 were at higher risk of death.

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Evolving epidemiology of novel coronavirus diseases 2019 and possible interruption of local transmission outside Hubei Province in China: a descriptive and modeling study

10.1101/2020.02.21.20026328 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Juanjuan Zhang ◽

Maria Litvinova ◽

Wei Wang ◽

Yan Wang ◽

Xiaowei Deng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Mainland China ◽

The Elderly ◽

Hubei Province ◽

Epidemic Threshold ◽

Epidemic Dynamics ◽

Serial Interval ◽

The Mean ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Local Transmission

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 epidemic originated in Wuhan City of Hubei Province in December 2019 and has spread throughout China. Understanding the fast evolving epidemiology and transmission dynamics of the outbreak beyond Hubei would provide timely information to guide intervention policy.MethodsWe collected individual information on 8,579 laboratory-confirmed cases from official publically sources reported outside Hubei in mainland China, as of February 17, 2020. We estimated the temporal variation of the demographic characteristics of cases and key time-to-event intervals. We used a Bayesian approach to estimate the dynamics of the net reproduction number (Rt) at the provincial level.ResultsThe median age of the cases was 44 years, with an increasing of cases in younger age groups and the elderly as the epidemic progressed. The delay from symptom onset to hospital admission decreased from 4.4 days (95%CI: 0.0-14.0) until January 27 to 2.6 days (0.0-9.0) from January 28 to February 17. The mean incubation period was estimated at 5.2 days (1.8-12.4) and the mean serial interval at 5.1 days (1.3-11.6). The epidemic dynamics in provinces outside Hubei was highly variable, but consistently included a mix of case importations and local transmission. We estimate that the epidemic was self-sustained for less than three weeks with Rt reaching peaks between 1.40 (1.04-1.85) in Shenzhen City of Guangdong Province and 2.17 (1.69-2.76) in Shandong Province. In all the analyzed locations (n=10) Rt was estimated to be below the epidemic threshold since the end of January.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the strict containment measures and movement restrictions in place may contribute to the interruption of local COVID-19 transmission outside Hubei Province. The shorter serial interval estimated here implies that transmissibility is not as high as initial estimates suggested.

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COVID-19 in a Designated Infectious Diseases HospitalOutside Hubei Province,China

10.1101/2020.02.17.20024018 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Qingxian Cai ◽

Deliang Huang ◽

Pengcheng Ou ◽

Hong Yu ◽

Zhibin Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hubei Province ◽

Initial Symptom ◽

Wuhan City ◽

Hospital System ◽

Risk Of Progression ◽

New Type ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Underlying Diseases ◽

Overall Mortality

AbstractBackgroundA new type of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province. Previous investigations reported patients in Wuhan city often progressed into severe or critical and had a high mortality rate.The clinical characteristics of affected patients outside the epicenter of Hubei province are less well understood.MethodsAll confirmed COVID-19 case treated in the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen,from January 11, 2020 to February 6, 2020, were included in this study. We analyzed the epidemiological and clinical features of these cases to better inform patient management in normal hospital settings.ResultsAmong the 298 confirmed cases, 233(81.5%) had been to Hubei while 42(14%) had not clear epidemiological history. Only 192(64%) cases presented with fever as initial symptom. The lymphocyte count decreased in 38% patients after admission. The number (percent) of cases classified as non-severe and severe was 240(80.6%) and 58(19.4%) respectively. Thirty-two patients (10.7%) needed ICU care. Compared to the non-severe cases, severe cases were associated with older age, underlying diseases, as well as higher levels of CRP, IL-6 and ESR. The median (IRQ) duration of positive viral test were 14(10-19). Slower clearance of virus was associated with higher risk of progression to severe clinical condition. As of February 14, 2020, 66(22.1%) patients were discharged and the overall mortality rate remains 0.ConclusionsIn a designated hospital outside the Hubei Province, COVID-19 patients were mainly characterized by mild symptoms and could be effectively manage by properly using the existing hospital system.

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COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Disaster

OIRT Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences ◽

10.53944/ojhss-2103 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 7-8

Author(s):

Solomon Arigwe Joseph ◽

Abuhuraira Ado Musa ◽

Faisal Muhammad ◽

Tijjani Muhammad Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Hubei Province ◽

Public Health Emergency ◽

World Health ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Health Organization

People began to become ill in late December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and the illness was revealed to be a kind of pneumonia with unusual signs and symptoms. It was eventually discovered as a novel coronavirus, a virus that causes widespread sickness in animals and birds. World Health Organization (WHO) named this new viral disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in January 2020.

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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat ◽

10.52206/jsmc.2020.10.1.269 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wasil Khan

Keyword(s):

Hubei Province ◽

Animal Pathogens ◽

Novel Coronavirus

Coronaviruses are important human and animal pathogens. At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus was identified as the cause of a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, a city in the Hubei Province of China.

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Homology Models of Wuhan Coronavirus 3CLpro Protease

10.26434/chemrxiv.11637294.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Martin Stoermer

Keyword(s):

Cysteine Protease ◽

Viral Genome ◽

First Generation ◽

Genomic Data ◽

Hubei Province ◽

Rapid Release ◽

Main Protease ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Homology Models

A regional outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China in late 2019 was associated with a novel coronavirus. Rapid release of genomic data for the isolated virus enabled the construction of first-generation homology models of the new CoV 3CL<sup>pro</sup> cysteine protease. Whilst the overall viral genome was most closely associated with bat coronaviruses, the main protease is most closely related (96% identity) to SARS CoV protease.

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Highland of COVID-19 outside Hubei: epidemic characteristics, control and projections of Wenzhou, China

10.1101/2020.02.25.20024398 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Liangde Xu ◽

Jian Yuan ◽

Yaru Zhang ◽

Guosi Zhang ◽

Fan Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care Workers ◽

Hubei Province ◽

Transmission Model ◽

Unknown Aetiology ◽

Expected Number ◽

Coastal City ◽

Care Workers ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

And Control ◽

Epidemiologic Characteristics

In late December 2019, Chinese authorities reported a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown aetiology in Wuhan, China1. A novel strain of coronavirus named Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was isolated and identified on 2 January 2020 2. Human-to-human transmission have been confirmed by a study of a family cluster and have occurred in health-care workers 3,4. Until 10 February 2020, 42638 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have been confirmed in China, of which 31728 came from Hubei Province (Figure). Wenzhou, as a southeast coastal city with the most cases outside Hubei Province, its policy control and epidemic projections have certain references for national and worldwide epidemic prevention and control. We described the epidemiologic characteristics of COVID-19 in Wenzhou and made a transmission model to predict the expected number of cases in the coming days.

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A comparison of COVID-19, SARS and MERS

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.9725 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e9725 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tingting Hu ◽

Ying Liu ◽

Mingyi Zhao ◽

Quan Zhuang ◽

Linyong Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Hubei Province ◽

World Health ◽

Atypical Pneumonia ◽

Organization Studies ◽

Optimal Method ◽

The World ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Health Organization

In mid-December 2019, a novel atypical pneumonia broke out in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and was caused by a newly identified coronavirus, initially termed 2019 Novel Coronavirus and subsequently severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of 19 May 2020, a total of 4,731,458 individuals were reported as infected with SARS-CoV-2 among 213 countries, areas or territories with recorded cases, and the overall case-fatality rate was 6.6% (316,169 deaths among 4,731,458 recorded cases), according to the World Health Organization. Studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 is notably similar to (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) SARS-CoV that emerged in 2002–2003 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that spread during 2012, and these viruses all contributed to global pandemics. The ability of SARS-CoV-2 to rapidly spread a pneumonia-like disease from Hubei Province, China, throughout the world has provoked widespread concern. The main symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) include fever, cough, myalgia, fatigue and lower respiratory signs. At present, nucleic acid tests are widely recommended as the optimal method for detecting SARS-CoV-2. However, obstacles remain, including the global shortage of testing kits and the presentation of false negatives. Experts suggest that almost everyone in China is susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to date, there are no effective treatments. In light of the references published, this review demonstrates the biological features, spread, diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 as a whole and aims to analyse the similarities and differences among SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV to provide new ideas and suggestions for prevention, diagnosis and clinical treatment.

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