scholarly journals Managing Robots in Healthcare

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feride Eşkin Bacaksız ◽  
Metin Yılmaz ◽  
Kalbinur Ezizi ◽  
Handan Alan
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Industrial Evolution ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Autonomous Decision ◽  
Current Usage ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
Robot Cooperation

Industry 4.0, which is expressed with similar words such as Digital Transformation, Digitalizing Industry and Fourth Industrial Evolution, is developing a revolution in the fields of service by affecting the economy and all sectors of the world. As one of the most significant developments of Industry 4.0, human-robot cooperation is used in different business areas, but its use in the health sector is becoming more widespread. Robots, also referred to as iron-collar workers, are becoming more reliable in treatment and care by being equipped with advanced features and skills that people have, therefore their availability is increasing. On the other hand, the use of humanoid robots in nursing care will bring about ethical and moral problems such as employment of nurses, autonomous decision making of robots and being responsible for this. In this article, it was aimed to review the current usage and importance of robots in various sectors; especially in the health sector, the attitude of the employees in working with robot workers and robot managers, the potential advantages and disadvantages of the robots in the sector, and the introduction of current moral and ethical problems that may arise.

scholarly journals Intelligent cyber-social ecosystem of Industry 5.0: definition, essence, model

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-62
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Babkin ◽  
◽  
Elena V. Shkarupeta ◽  
Vladimir A. Plotnikov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Systems Science ◽  
Quadruple Helix ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
German Industry ◽  
Industrial Evolution ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cognitive Transition

Ten years after the first introduction of Industry 4.0 at Hannover trade fair as a concept of German industry efficiency improvement, the European Commission announced a new industrial evolution – Industry 5.0 and revealed an updated representation of Industry 5.0 as a result of attaining of triad forming stability, human-centricity and industry viability. At the nexus of the fourth and fifth phases of industry evolutions, new objects arise – intelligent cyber-social ecosystems that use the strengths of cyber-physical ecosystems, changing under the influence of digital end-to-end technologies, combined with human and artificial intelligence. The purpose of this research is to present a conceptual model of an intelligent (“smart”) cyber-social ecosystem based on multimodal hyperspace within the conditions of Industry 5.0. The research methodology includes systems science, metasystemic, ecosystemic, value-based, cyber-socio-techno-cognitive approaches; concepts of platforms, creator economy, Open innovations 2.0 based on an innovative model of a quadruple helix. As a result of this research, the evolution of the establishment and development of an ecosystemic paradigm in economic science is shown. The study describes a cognitive transition from cyber-physical systems of Industry 4.0 to intelligent cyber-social ecosystems as objects of Industry 5.0. A conceptual model has been originated, in which a cyber-social ecosystem is introduced as an ecosystem of new metalevel (“metasystem”), evolving under the conditions of the transition from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0 based on cyber-social values of human-centricity, stability and viability. The model is notable for its high level of cybernetic hyperconvergence, socioecosystemic, technological and cognitive modality to achieve ethical social goals, sustainable welfare for all humanity and each individual person, taking into account the scope of planetary capacity.

scholarly journals Qualification and Competence of Headmaster as A Supervisor According to Regulation of The Minister of National Education Number 13 of 2007 to Face Industry 4.0

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 348-360
Author(s):  
Astuti Istikaroh
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
School Principal ◽  
Social Competencies ◽  
National Education ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

The principal is the key person in achieving the school's vision, mission and goals. Based on Minister of National Education Regulation Number 13 of 2007 concerning Standards for Principals / Madrasas that the qualifications of principals / madrasas consist of general qualifications and special qualifications. In addition to having to meet the qualifications, a school principal must fulfill personal, managerial, entrepreneurial, supervision and social competencies. Supervision competence is the competence of principals who need to get serious attention including, 1) Planning academic supervision programs, 2) Carrying out academic supervision of teachers by using appropriate supervision approaches and techniques, 3) Following up on academic supervision results. The principal must prepare an academic supervision plan starting from the academic supervision schedule, the techniques to be used in academic supervision and the instruments that will be used in implementing academic supervision. The implementation of supervision can be in the form of performance evaluation by checking various administrative features that have been prepared by the teachers and conducting class visits to observe the course of the learning process. Follow-up results of the implementation of academic supervision carried out by the principal are done through the delivery of the results of the implementation of supervision both related to the advantages and disadvantages.

scholarly journals Enhancing GDPR compliance through data sensitivity and data hiding tools

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 650-666
Author(s):  
Xabier Larrucea ◽  
Micha Moffie ◽  
Dan Mor
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Data Hiding ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Architectural Model ◽  
Data Sensitivity

Since the emergence of GDPR, several industries and sectors are setting informatics solutions for fulfilling these rules. The Health sector is considered a critical sector within the Industry 4.0 because it manages sensitive data, and National Health Services are responsible for managing patients’ data. European NHS are converging to a connected system allowing the exchange of sensitive information cross different countries. This paper defines and implements a set of tools for extending the reference architectural model industry 4.0 for the healthcare sector, which are used for enhancing GDPR compliance. These tools are dealing with data sensitivity and data hiding tools A case study illustrates the use of these tools and how they are integrated with the reference architectural model.

Sustaining India's Gig Economy in Industry 4.0

2022 ◽  
pp. 172-189
Author(s):  
Vidushi Vatsa ◽  
Ruchika Gupta ◽  
Priyank Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Gradual Improvement ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Brick And Mortar ◽  
Policy Proposals

Today's corporate landscape is undergoing a transformation process, and India is not untouched by these phases of transition as humans are replaced by computers and brick-and-mortar firms are substituted by e-commerce companies. In the midst of these shifts, issues such as labour dynamics have changed dramatically. One such consequence is the Gig Economy. With the gradual improvement in the labour market and the focus of government on localisation, it remains important to analyse the widespread influence of growing gig culture in making India a self-reliant economy. This chapter of the book therefore seeks to review the different components of the gig economy along with the advantages and disadvantages and how gig can contribute towards a localised and self-reliant Indian economy. The chapter also evaluates the regulatory framework of the gig economy in India. The chapter also proposes a conceptual model incorporating various pillars that could serve as an analytical framework for the rapidly increasing number of concepts and policy proposals.

scholarly journals Insights into Mapping Solutions Based on OPC UA Information Model Applied to the Industry 4.0 Asset Administration Shell

Computers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Cavalieri ◽  
Marco Giuseppe Salafia
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Information Model ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Architecture Model ◽  
Open Platform ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The One

In the context of Industry 4.0, lot of effort is being put to achieve interoperability among industrial applications. As the definition and adoption of communication standards are of paramount importance for the realization of interoperability, during the last few years different organizations have developed reference architectures to align standards in the context of the fourth industrial revolution. One of the main examples is the reference architecture model for Industry 4.0, which defines the asset administration shell as the corner stone of the interoperability between applications managing manufacturing systems. Inside Industry 4.0 there is also so much interest behind the standard open platform communications unified architecture (OPC UA), which is listed as the one recommendation for realizing the communication layer of the reference architecture model. The contribution of this paper is to give some insights behind modelling techniques that should be adopted during the definition of OPC UA Information Model exposing information of the very recent metamodel defined for the asset administration shell. All the general rationales and solutions here provided are compared with the current OPC UA-based existing representation of asset administration shell provided by literature. Specifically, differences will be pointed out giving to the reader advantages and disadvantages behind each solution.

scholarly journals Reasons for Ethical Problems in the Health Sector

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filiz Tepecik ◽  
Ayla Yazıcı
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Health Care Market ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Entrepreneurs ◽  
Effective Use

There are two main reasons of public interventions in the health market. First, the health care market cannot make efficient production on market conditions because of its attributes such as the unequal distribution of knowledge, being a public good, the presence of positive and negative externalities. Second, the public authority has also the aim to achieve justice. These qualities are also the source of ethical problems in the health sector, whether the service is generated, by the public or the private sector. Almost in all countries the health sector is usually provided by the public sector because of externalities. But because the side effects of the production of health services by the public sector emerged in recent years, the participation of the private sector was ensured to minimize these effects. For developing countries such as Turkey and Eurasian countries, a more effective use of the funds used for the health sector is recommended, and the space these expenditures cover in the budget are said can be scaled down with the opening of some areas for private entrepreneurs. However, the unique characteristics of the health sector seem to cause problems regardless whether it is produced by the public or the private sector. In this study it is attempted to give the attributes of the health sector in detail and to establish a relationship with ethical problems in the light of experiences in Turkey.

Smartphone-based interventions in German language in affective disorders – a review about currently available products (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederike Fellendorf ◽  
Carlo Hamm ◽  
Martina Platzer ◽  
Nina Dalkner ◽  
Susanne Astrid Bengesser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
New Products ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
German Language ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Study Protocols ◽  
Mood Stabilization ◽  
Google Play

BACKGROUND Currently, numerous new products such as applications (apps) for smartphones are being marketed in the electronic (e)-health sector. Mood-graphs, diagnostic questions, mindfulness exercises and chat-therapy affect psychiatric treatment of affective disorders (ADs) positively. The products are easily available and allow for little control over efficacy and adverse effects. OBJECTIVE A systemic review was performed in order to examine the currently available apps that advertise for supporting people with AD and anxiety disorders. METHODS The keywords “psychiatry”, “depression”, “bipolar”, “anxiety”, “mood” in German language were entered in Google Play Store and IOS iTunes and all available products were examined. Furthermore, the current research on these apps should be listed transparently at clinicaltrials.com and PubMed. RESULTS Depending on keywords and app store, respectively, 98 to 250 products were spotted. 56 of the apps were included in this paper as they are related to AD. However, only nine of them are supported by scientific research or federal authorities. Five products are currently study subjects in clinical trials, but no publication was available at the time of research. Moreover, five publications of study protocols of other German-language apps, as well as five publications about evaluated products in PubMed were found. CONCLUSIONS Diverse free apps with potentially favorable effects on mood stabilization are available for people suffering from ADs. As currently only a very small number of them have been scientifically evaluated, there is an urgent need for research in the mobile e-health sector. In addition, physicians and psychotherapists should talk to their patients about the advantages and disadvantages of apps and inform them about the lack of evidence.

Factors influencing Industry 4.0 adoption

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabai Khin ◽  
Daisy Mui Hung Kee
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
The Right

PurposeThe digital transformation towards Industry 4.0 (I4.0) has become imperative for manufacturers, as it makes them more flexible, agile and responsive to customers. This study aims to identify the factors influencing the manufacturing firms’ decision to adopt I4.0 and develop a triadic conceptual model that explains this phenomenon.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a qualitative exploratory study design based on multiple case studies (n = 15) from the manufacturing industry in Malaysia by conducting face-to-face interviews. The data were analysed using NVivo. The conceptual model was developed based on grounded theory and deductive thematic analysis.FindingsResults demonstrate that driving, facilitating and impeding factors play influential roles in a firms’ decision-making to adopt I4.0. The major driving factors identified are expected benefits, market opportunities, labour problem, customer requirements, competition and quality image. Furthermore, resources, skills and support are identified as facilitating factors and getting the right people, lack of funding, lack of knowledge, technical challenges, training the operators and changing the mindset of operators to accept new digital technologies are identified as impeding factors.Research limitations/implicationsDue to its qualitative design and limited sample size, the findings of this study need to be supplemented by quantitative studies for enhanced generalizability of the proposed model.Practical implicationsKnowledge of the I4.0 decision factors identified would help manufacturers in their decision to invest in I4.0, as they can be applied to balancing advantages and disadvantages, understanding benefits, identifying required skills and support and which challenges to expect. For policymakers, our findings identify important aspects of the ecosystem in need of improvement and how manufacturers can be motivated to adopt I4.0.Originality/valueThis study lays the theoretical groundwork for an alternative approach for conceptualizing I4.0 adoption beyond UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology). Integrating positive and negative factors enriches the understanding of decision-making factors for I4.0 adoption.

Prevention of Unethical Actions in Nursing Homes

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Merethe Solum ◽  
Åshild Slettebø ◽  
Solveig Hauge
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Discourse Ethics ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Daily Care ◽  
Moral Problems

Ethical problems regularly arise during daily care in nursing homes. These include violation of patients' right to autonomy and to be treated with respect. The aim of this study was to investigate how caregivers emphasize daily dialogue and mutual reflection to reach moral alternatives in daily care. The data were collected by participant observation and interviews with seven caregivers in a Norwegian nursing home. A number of ethical problems linked to 10 patients were disclosed. Moral problems were revealed as the caregivers acted in ways that they knew were against patients' interest. We used a theoretical interpretation according to Habermas' discourse ethics on the importance of dialogue when deciding moral courses of action for patients. This theory has four basic requirements: communicative competence, equality, self-determination, and openness about motives.

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