Assessment of Fenvalerate in Water, Soil and Vegetable Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Mamta Nirmal ◽  
Prashant Mundeja ◽  
Kalpana Wan ◽  
Vindhiya Patel ◽  
Raisa Khatoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Maximum Absorbance ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Solution Volume

Simple and sensitive spectrophotometric scheme was described for the determination of fenvalerate in environmental samples. The scheme was based on the hydrolysis of 1 N of 5 mL NaOH to form cyanohydrin. The cyanohydrin is reacted with bromine and pyridine to form glutaconic aldehyde, which is then coupled with p-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde to give yellow dye having maximum absorbance at 440 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range of 0.6- 6.2 µg in a nal solution volume of 25 mL. The molar absorptivity of the colored system is 3.84×104 L mol-1cm-1 and Sandell’s sensitivity is 2.4×10-3 µg cm-2. The reproducibility assessed by carrying out seven days replicate analysis of a solution containing 0.6 µg of fenvalerate in a nal solution volume of 25 mL. The standard deviation and relative standard deviation for the absorbance value were found to be ± 3.4×10-3 and 1.5% respectively. The proposed scheme is sensitive and free from the interference of other toxicants. The analytical parameters were optimized and the scheme was applied to the determination of fenvalerate in environmental samples.

scholarly journals Development and validation of spectrophotometric method for phenylephrine hydrochloride estimation in nasal drops formulations

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Savić ◽  
Goran Nikolić ◽  
Vladimir Banković
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Phenylephrine Hydrochloride ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Development And Validation

Simple, accurate and reproducible UV-spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the estimation of phenylephrine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical nasal drops formulations. Phenylephrine hydrochloride was estimated at 291 nm in 1 mol⋅dm-3 sodium hydroxide (pH 13.5). Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 10–100 μg⋅cm−3 (r2 = 0.9990) in the sodium hydroxide medium. The apparent molar absorptivity was found to be 1.63×103 dm3⋅mol−1⋅cm−1. The method was tested and validated for various parameters according to the ICH (International Conference on Harmonization) guidelines. The detection and quantitation limits were found to be 0.892 and 2.969 μg⋅cm−3, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of phenylephrine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical nasal drops formulations. The results demonstrated that the procedure is accurate, precise and reproducible (relative standard deviation < 1 %), while being simple, cheap and less time consuming, and hence can be suitably applied for the estimation of phenylephrine hydrochloride in different dosage forms.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Paraquat in Food and Biological Samples

1997 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Kesari ◽  
Manish Rai ◽  
Vinay Kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Alkaline Medium ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method

Abstract A sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for determination of paraquat, a widely used herbicide. Paraquat was reduced with glucose in an alkaline medium, and the blue radical ion obtained was measured at 600 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed at 0.1–1.2 ppm paraquat. The molar absorptivity was 1.26 × 105 L mol-1 cm-1. The standard deviation and relative standard deviation were ± 0.007 and 2.0%, respectively, for 5 μg paraquat/10 mL analyzed over 7 days. The method was free from interference by other commonly used pesticides and metal ions. The method may be used to the determine paraquat in plants, fruits, grains, water, blood, and urine.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Boron in Dates of Some Cultivars Grown in Saudi Arabia

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Al-Warthan ◽  
S S Al-Showiman ◽  
S A Al-Tamrah ◽  
A A BaOsman
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Spectrophotometric Determination ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method

Abstract The formation of a red complex between boron and the quinalizarin reagent was investigated and used as the basis for a simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for boron in date cultivars. At 620 nm, the absorbance was linear (r= 0.999) over the 0.25-2.5 μg/mL concentration range. The molar absorptivity was found to be 2.23 x 103mol-1cm-1 and the relative standard deviation for 10 replicates (1.0 μg/mL) was 0.97%.

Assessment of Cymoxanil in Soil, Water and Vegetable Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar Sahu ◽  
Manish Kumar Rai ◽  
Joyce Rai ◽  
Yaman Kumar Sahu ◽  
Deepak Kumar Sahu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Starch Solution ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Coloured Complex

The present work describes a newly developed method for the spectrophotometric determination of cymoxanil in soil, water and vegetable samples. The detection of the target chemical substance is based on the reaction of cyanide released from the hydrolysed product of cymoxanil with potassium iodide-potassium iodate to form a blue-coloured complex in the presence of starch solution. This complex is water-soluble and shows maximum absorbance at 580 nm. For this complex, Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range of 2-50 μg mL−1 with molar absorptivity 1.2×105 L mol-1cm-1 and Sandell’s sensitivity 1.0×10-3 µg cm-2. The reproducibility was assessed by carrying out seven days replicate analysis of a solution containing 10 µgmL-1 of cymoxanil in a final solution of a volume of 10 mL. The standard deviation and relative standard deviation for the absorbance value were found to be ± 2.9×10-3 and 1.6% respectively. The proposed method is free from the interference of other toxicants. The analytical parameters were optimized and the method was applied to the determination of cymoxanil in water, soil, and vegetable samples.

scholarly journals Extractive Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Molybdenum in Steels and Environmental Samples

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rameshwar Dass ◽  
Jitander K. Kapoor ◽  
Sunita Gambhir
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Improved Accuracy

An extractive spectrophotometric method has been developed for microdetermination of molybdenum. At room temperature Mo(VI) was reduced to Mo(V) in 2 M H2SO4using ascorbic acid as a reductant. The Mo(V) formed a yellow-coloured (1 : 2) complex with 6-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-(3′-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran (CHHB). The complex was quantitatively extracted into toluene and absorbed maximum atλmax404 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed over the concentration range of 2.31 μg Mo ml−1with a molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity of5.62×104 L mol−1 cm−1and 0.0016 μg Mo cm−2, respectively. The relative standard deviation was 0.0025 (in absorbance units) for 10 replicate determinations of 1 μg Mo ml−1. The method was free from the interference of large number of analytically important elements. Molybdenum has been determined satisfactorily in different technical, synthetic, and environmental samples with improved accuracy and precision.

A Spectrophotometric Determination of Myclobutanil and it’s Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Ajay kumar Sahu ◽  
Shraddha Ganesh Pandey ◽  
Vindhya Patel ◽  
Raisa Khatoon ◽  
Mamta Nirmal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Final Solution ◽  
Potassium Iodate ◽  
Colored Complex ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Solution Volume

A new spectrophotometric method has been developed for determination of fungicide myclobutanil is based on the bromination of myclobutanil to form dibromo myclobutanil which react with Potassium iodide-Potassium iodate mixture in the presence of leucocrystal voilet (LCV) to form a violet colored complex. The complex shows maximum absorbance at 590 nm. Beer’s law obeyed over the concentration range of 0.5-4.0 µg in final solution volume of 10 mL. The reproducibility assessed by carrying out seven days replicate analysis of a solution containing 10 µg of myclobutanil in a final solution of 10 mL. The molar absorptivity of the coloured system is 1.29×105 L mol-1cm-1 and Sandell’s sensitivity is 1.03×10-3 µg cm-2. The standard deviation and relative standard deviation for the absorbance value were found to be ±0.00652 and 1.14% respectively. The proposed method is free from the interference of other toxicants. The analytical parameters were optimized and the method was applied to the determination of myclobutanil in water, soil and food samples.

An Automated Procedure for the Determination of Ammonia in Tobacco

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.F. Collins ◽  
W.W. Lawrence ◽  
J.F. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Distillation Method ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Tobacco Sample ◽  
Automated Determination

AbstractA procedure for the automated determination of ammonia in tobacco has been developed. Ammonia is extracted from the ground tobacco sample with water and is determined with a Technicon Auto Analyser system which employs separation of the ammonia through volatilization followed by colourimetry using the phenate-hypochlorite reaction. The procedure has been applied to a variety of tobaccos containing from 0.02 to 0.5 % ammonia with an overall relative standard deviation of 2 %. The accuracy of the procedure as judged by recovery tests and by comparison to a manual distillation method is considered adequate

scholarly journals Indirect and Direct Determination of the Casein Content of Milk by Kjeldahl Nitrogen Analysis: Collaborative Study

1998 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna M Lynch ◽  
David M Barbano ◽  
J Richard Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Milk Casein

Abstract The classic method for determination of milk casein is based on precipitation of casein at pH 4.6. Precipitated milk casein is removed by filtration and the nitrogen content of either the precipitate (direct casein method) or filtrate (noncasein nitrogen; NCN) is determined by Kjeldahl analysis. For the indirect casein method, milk total nitrogen (TN; Method 991.20) is also determined and casein is calculated as TN minus NCN. Ten laboratories tested 9 pairs of blind duplicate raw milk materials with a casein range of 2.42- 3.05℅ by both the direct and indirect casein methods. Statistical performance expressed in protein equivalents (nitrogen ⨯ 6.38) with invalid and outlier data removed was as follows: NCN method (wt%), mean = 0.762, sr = 0.010, SR = 0.016, repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) = 1.287℅, reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) = 2.146%; indirect casein method (wt℅), mean = 2.585, repeatability = 0.015, reproducibility = 0.022, RSDr = 0.560℅, RSDR = 0.841; direct casein method (wt℅), mean = 2.575, sr = 0.015, sR = 0.025, RSDr = 0.597℅, RSDR = 0.988℅. Method performance was acceptable and comparable to similar Kjeldahl methods for determining nitrogen content of milk (Methods 991.20, 991.21,991.22, 991.23). The direct casein, indirect casein, and noncasein nitrogen methods have been adopted by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.

Determination of Nitrate in Water by HPLC

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 406-408
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Xiao Na Ji ◽  
Qing Kai Ren ◽  
Sheng Shu Ai ◽  
Li Jun Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Fast Analysis ◽  
Relative Standard

We established a method fordetermination of nitrate in water by High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC). The sample was analysed by HPLC-ADA and was quantitated by externalstandard method after being simply processed. This methd has the advantages ofhigh separation efficiency and fast analysis. The experiment result showed thatthe linearly dependent coefficient was0.994, the recovery rate was between 98.7%～105.7%,the relative standard deviation（RSD）wasless than 2.1 %, and the lowest detectable limit is 0.01ng (S/N=1.6).

scholarly journals Determination of 1,3-Dichloropropanol in Soy Sauce and Related Products by Headspace Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometric Detection: Interlaboratory Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 1404-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Hasnip ◽  
Colin Crews ◽  
Nicholas Potter ◽  
Paul Brereton ◽  
Henri Diserens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Headspace Gas Chromatography ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Headspace Gas

Abstract An interlaboratory study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of a headspace gas chromatography (GC) method for the determination of 1,3-dichloro-propan-2-ol (1,3-DCP) in soy sauce and related products at levels above 5 ng/g. The test portion is mixed with an internal standard (d5-1,3-DCP) and ammonium sulfate in a sealed headspace vial. After achieving equilibrium, the headspace is sampled either by gas-tight syringe or solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed by GC with mass spectrometric detection. 1,3-DCP is detected in the selected-ion mode (monitoring m/z 79 and 81 for 1,3-DCP and m/z 82 for the deuterated internal standard) and quantified by measurement against standards. Test materials comprising soy, dark soy, mushroom soy, and teriyaki sauces, both spiked and naturally contaminated, were sent to 9 laboratories in Europe, Japan, and the United States; of these, 5 used SPME and 4 used syringe headspace analysis. Test portions were spiked at 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, 100.0, and 500.0 ng/g. The average recovery for spiked blank samples was 108% (ranging from 96–130%). Based on results for spiked samples (blind pairs at 5, 10, 20, 100, and 500 ng/g) as well as a naturally contaminated sample (split-level pair at 27 and 29 ng/g), the relative standard deviation for repeatability (RSDr) ranged from 2.9–23.2%. The relative standard deviation for reproducibility (RSDR) ranged from 20.9–35.3%, and HorRat values of between 1.0 and 1.6 were obtained.

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