Emulsifying Solution Prepared by an AI-based Drug Delivery System (AIDDS™) Has Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Properties to Enhance Bioavailability

Several drug molecules have shown low bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile due to metabolism by enzymes, excretion by the renal system, or due to other physiochemical properties of drug molecules. These problems have resulted in the loss of efficacy and the gain of side effects associated with drug molecules. PEGylation is one of the strategies to overcome these pharmacokinetic issues and has been successful in the clinic. Cell-penetrating Peptides (CPPs) help to deliver molecules across biological membranes and could be used to deliver cargo selectively to the intracellular site or to the drug target. Hence CPPs could be used to improve the efficacy and selectivity of the drug. However, due to the peptidic nature of CPPs, they have a low pharmacokinetic profile. Using PEGylation and CPPs together as a component of a drug delivery system, the and efficacy of drug molecules could be improved. The other important pharmacokinetic properties such as short half-life, solubility, stability, absorption, metabolism, and elimination could be also improved. Here in this review, we summarized PEGylated CPPs or PEGylation based formulations for CPPs used in a drug delivery system for several biomedical applications until August 2019.

Download Full-text

Malfunctioning sufentanil intrathecal pain pump: a case report

Journal of Medical Case Reports ◽

10.1186/s13256-019-2314-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lindsay Warner ◽

Anna Branstad ◽

Lindsay Hunter Guevara ◽

Laura Matzke Bitterman ◽

Matthew Pingree ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Case Report ◽

Drug Delivery System ◽

Delivery System ◽

Pump System ◽

Context Sensitive ◽

Intrathecal Drug Delivery ◽

Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽

Pain Pump ◽

Clinically Significant

Abstract Background Sufentanil is a potent opioid uncommonly used to manage pain and is rarely administered via an intrathecal pain pump system. Case presentation This case illustrates the use of intrathecal sufentanil in a 50-year-old Caucasian man for the management of chronic pain; however, the intrathecal drug delivery system experienced a malfunction which led to 1/100th output of the correct dosage. Interesting aspects of this case report include the uncommon choice of sufentanil use for an intrathecal drug delivery system, as well as the unusual pharmacokinetics of this drug. Specifically, this patient did not experience the major withdrawal that would be expected given significant under dosing of opioid, and this may be explained by the lipophilicity and context-sensitive half-times of sufentanil. Conclusions Because of the absence of a clinically significant withdrawal in this case report, clinicians must be aware of relevant pharmacokinetic properties and unusual intrathecal drug delivery system technologies that influence a patient’s response when device malfunction occurs.

Download Full-text