Correlation of Reduced Endurance Capacity of Neck Flexor and Extensor in Cigarette Smokers of College Going Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Manasi Rajesh Zele ◽  
Sneha Katke ◽  
Manal Anthikat
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Endurance Test ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction ◽  
College Going ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
College Of Nursing

Background: Muscle endurance is the ability of muscle to contract repeatedly against a load (resistance), generated and sustain tension and resist fatigue over an extended period of time. Smoking causes variety of health diseases and it also affects skeletal muscle dysfunction as well. Cigarette smoke constituents and systemic inflammatory mediators enhance proteolysis and inhibit protein synthesis, leading to loss of muscle mass. Objectives: To find out the correlation between the neck flexor endurance capacity and neck extensor endurance capacity with 1-5 years of smoking history. Methods: Data collection was done from college of physiotherapy and college of nursing using convenient sampling. 60 Male subjects were included in study between the age group of 20-30 years with 1-5 years of smoking history. The score of neck flexor endurance capacity and neck extensor endurance capacity using neck flexor endurance test and neck extensor endurance test, and the data were analyzed. Result: The result of study showed a statistical significance in the neck flexor and extensor endurance capacity (p=<0.001) (r=-0.59 for NFEC, -0.54 for NEEC) using neck flexor endurance capacity test and neck extensor endurance capacity test in subjects with 1-5 years of smoking history. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is reduced endurance capacity of neck flexor and neck extensor muscles in smokers with 1-5 years of smoking history. Key words: Cigarette smoking, muscle strength, neck flexor and extensor endurance test, 1-5 years smoking history.

scholarly journals Long-Term Cryopreservation Does Not Affect Quality of Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Grafts: A Comparative Study of Native, Short-Term and Long-Term Cryopreserved Haematopoietic Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 096368972110360
Author(s):  
Daniel Lysak ◽  
Michaela Brychtová ◽  
Martin Leba ◽  
Miroslava Čedíková ◽  
Daniel Georgiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Cd34 Cells ◽  
Negative Effect

Cryopreserved haematopoietic progenitor cells are used to restore autologous haematopoiesis after high dose chemotherapy. Although the cells are routinely stored for a long period, concerns remain about the maximum storage time and the possible negative effect of storage on their potency. We evaluated the effect of cryopreservation on the quality of peripheral stem cell grafts stored for a short (3 months) and a long (10 years) period and we compared it to native products.The viability of CD34+ cells remained unaffected during storage, the apoptotic cells were represented up to 10% and did not differ between groups. The clonogenic activity measured by ATP production has decreased with the length of storage (ATP/cell 1.28 nM in native vs. 0.63 in long term stored products, P < 0.05). Only borderline changes without statistical significance were detected when examining mitochondrial and aldehyde dehydrogenase metabolic activity and intracellular pH, showing their good preservation during cell storage. Our experience demonstrates that cryostorage has no major negative effect on stem cell quality and potency, and therefore autologous stem cells can be stored safely for an extended period of at least 10 years. On the other hand, long term storage for 10 years and longer may lead to mild reduction of clonogenic capacity. When a sufficient dose of stem cells is infused, these changes will not have a clinical impact. However, in products stored beyond 10 years, especially when a low number of CD34+ cells is available, the quality of stem cell graft should be verified before infusion using the appropriate potency assays.

A longitudinal study of cholinesterase changes in pregnancy.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2249-2252 ◽  
Author(s):  
R T Evans ◽  
J O'Callaghan ◽  
A Norman
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Serum Cholinesterase ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Changes In Pregnancy ◽  
Serum Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Increased Activity

Abstract Serum cholinesterase activity was measured at intervals before, during, and after 44 pregnancies in 43 women. Three patterns of change were seen: (a) A decline in activity after conception, with no return towards pre-conception values before delivery (20 pregnancies). (b) A decline in activity accompanied by a partial or complete return to pre-conception values before delivery (19 pregnancies). (c) Either no discernible decline or increased activity during gestation (five pregnancies). We saw no association between these patterns and either the sex of the child, parity, smoking history, or alcohol intake. However, the continuous decrease in cholinesterase activity occurred in the youngest group of women, a decrease followed by an increase in the intermediate age group, and no decrease at all in the oldest group. Although not all the age-related differences quite reached statistical significance, these findings suggest that the patterns of change may be determined by some aspect of maternal physical maturity.

Etiologic Factors in Sialolithiasis

2011 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 935-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Huoh ◽  
David W. Eisele
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Diuretic Therapy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Medication History ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
History Of ◽  
Uncommon Condition ◽  
Unclear Etiology

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to investigate etiologic factors for sialolithiasis in a population of patients from the United States. Study Design. Retrospective, cohort study. Setting. Tertiary university. Materials and Methods. Charts for all patients diagnosed with sialolithiasis between January 2001 and February 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic factors, smoking history, comorbid medical conditions, and medication history were recorded. Statistical analyses were then performed on the collected data. Population prevalences of smoking, diuretic usage, cholelithiasis, and nephrolithiasis were obtained through literature review. Results. A total of 153 patients with sialolithiasis were identified. Of these patients, 125 (82%) had submandibular sialolithiasis, and 28 (18%) had parotid sialolithiasis. Positive smoking histories were present in 67 individuals (44%). Both the current rate of smoking and the rate of a history of smoking were higher in our cohort when compared with the general population, although the differences did not reach statistical significance. Smoking history did not correlate with the size of the primary sialolith. Diuretic usage in the cohort was observed at a rate of 20%, higher than reported population rates of diuretic use of 8.7%. The prevalences of cholelithiasis and nephrolithiasis were not different from observed population rates. Conclusions. Sialolithiasis is an uncommon condition of unclear etiology. This study represents an initial attempt to quantify the prevalence of smoking and diuretic therapy in a population of patients with sialolithiasis.

Patterns of Nutritional Deficiency in Head and Neck Cancer

1983 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Bassett ◽  
Robert A. Dobie
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Good Nutrition

A nutritional assessment battery consisting of anthropometric measurements, skin tests, laboratory assessment of visceral and somatic proteins, and a questionnaire was used to characterize the nutritional status of 50 consecutive new head and neck tumor patients. Forty percent of our patients had good nutrition, 20% fair, and 40% poor, with elements of both protein-calorie and protein malnutrition. There was, as expected, a positive relationship between tumor stage and nutritional impairment, but this fell short of statistical significance. There was a just significant tendency for patients with pharyngeal tumors to exhibit poorer scores than did those with oral or laryngeal tumors. Age, sex, smoking history, admitted alcohol consumption, and type of hospital (university, private multispecialty, or Veterans Administration) were not correlated with nutritional status. The best predictor of impaired nutritional status was the patient's description of his recent diet: a normal diet predicted a good score (0–2), and a soft or liquid diet predicted a fair or poor score (3–5), with an overall accuracy of 72%.

scholarly journals Endurance Training Improves Oxygen Uptake and Endurance Capacity in Patients With Moderate to Severe Valvular Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Vonbank ◽  
Daniel Haubenberger ◽  
Raphael Rosenhek ◽  
Matthias Schneider ◽  
Stefan Aschauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Valvular Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Endurance Test ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise

Aim: Peak oxygen uptake (peakVO2) is one of the strongest predictors of survival in patients with valvular heart disease. The purpose of this study was to determine whether endurance training improves peakVO2 and endurance capacity in patients with moderate-severe aortic and mitral valve disease.Methods: 30 patients with moderate-severe valvular heart disease were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of endurance training (TG) (n = 16) or standard care (SC) (n = 14). PeakVO2 and maximum working capacity (Wattmax) were assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing, as well as submaximal endurance test at 80% of peakVO2 at baseline and after 12 weeks.Results: There was a significant improvement in peakVO2 from 27.2 ± 5.9 ml/kg to 30.4 ± 6.3 ml/kg (P &lt; 0.001) in TG compared to the SC (peakVO2 from 24.6 ± 4.4 to 24.7 ± 3.8) and in the Wattmax from 151.8 ± 41.0 Watt to 171.2 ± 49.7 Watt in the TG compared to the SC (152.9 ± 35.6 Watt to 149.2 ± 28.4 Watt). The endurance capacity increased significantly from 17.0 ± 9.4 min to 32.8 ± 16.8 min (p = 0.003) in the TG compared to the SC (11.7 ± 6.2 min to 11.2 ± 7.6 min). The heart rate during the endurance test decreased in the TG from 154 ± 14 b/min to 142 ± 20 b/min for the same workload. No changes could be seen in the SC.Conclusion: Endurance training in patients with moderate to severe valvular heart disease increased significantly the peakVO2 as well as the endurance capacity.

scholarly journals Practical Risk Scoring System for Predicting Severity of COVID-19 Disease

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 2632010X2110684
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Petersen ◽  
Darshana Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Risk Scoring ◽  
Risk Scoring System

Objectives: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19 disease, has become an international pandemic with numerous casualties. It had been noted that the severity of the COVID-19 disease course depends on several clinical, laboratory, and radiological factors. This has led to risk scoring systems in various populations such as in China, but similar risk scoring systems based on the American veteran population are sparse, particularly with the vulnerable Veteran population. As a simple risk scoring system would be very useful, we propose a simple Jhala Risk Scoring System (JRSS) to assess the severity of disease risk. Methods: A retrospective review of all SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests collected and performed at the regional Veterans Administration Medical Center (VAMC) serving the Philadelphia and surrounding areas from March 17th, 2020 to May 20th, 2020. Data was collected and analyzed in the same year. These tests were reviewed within the computerized medical record system for demographic, medical history, laboratory test history, and clinical course. Information from the medical records were then scored based on the criteria of the Jhala Risk Scoring System (JRSS). Results: The JRSS, based on age, ethnicity, presence of any lung disease, presence of cardiovascular disease, smoking history, and diabetes history with laboratory parameters correlated and predicted (with statistical significance) which patients would be hospitalized. Conclusion: The JRSS may play a role in informing which COVID-19 positive patients in the emergency room/urgent care for risk stratification.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Relation of Smoking, Gallstones, and Renal Stones With Sialolithiasis in Patients Referred to Oral Medicine and ENT Department of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Pakdel ◽  
Rana Attaran ◽  
Sevda Movafagh ◽  
Zahra Aghazadeh
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Oral Medicine ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
History Of ◽  
Salivary Gland Stones

Background: The exact mechanism of the formation of salivary gland stones is unknown. Elucidating pathophysiology of the formation of salivary stones might prevent both their formation and the need for implementing invasive surgical procedures. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects exerted by some etiological factors on the formation of salivary gland stones. Methods: In this case–control study, the records of 80 patients with sialolithiasis were studied as a census from April 2011 to June 2019. These patients were referred to the Oral Medicine and the ENT departments of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The control group consisted of the same number of the patients with no sialolithiasis. Two groups were compared in terms of stone size, smoking, gallstones, and renal stones. Chi-squared, independent t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test were adopted to examine the quantitative variables. The data were analyzed using SPSS 17. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: Overall, 96.2% of sialoliths were found in the submandibular gland, of which 78.8% were single. Moreover, 32.5% of the patients with a history of sialolithiasis were smokers, whereas this frequency was 23.8% in the control group. In the case and control groups, 2.5% and 5% of the patients had a history of renal stones, respectively. Only one patient who had undergone a surgical procedure to remove salivary gland stones had a history of gallstones, while none of the patients in the control group had a history of gallstones. Conclusions: The results showed that the formation of salivary gland stones was not associated with smoking, history of renal stones, and gallstones. Furthermore, it was found that the numbers and sizes of salivary stones were not affected by smoking.

scholarly journals Agreement among Four Homocysteine Assays and Results in Patients with Coronary Atherosclerosis and Controls

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry H Yu ◽  
Rana Joubran ◽  
Muhamad Asmi ◽  
Terence Law ◽  
Anthony Spencer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Hplc Assay ◽  
Total Homocysteine ◽  
Community Controls ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background: Hyperhomocysteinemia has been associated with coronary atherosclerosis in many, but not all, prospective and retrospective studies. Some on these inconsistencies may be attributed to methodological variabilities. Methods: In the present study, three newly commercially available assays and one in-house HPLC assay for total homocysteine (tHcy) were utilized in 99 subjects with angiographically documented atherosclerosis and in 91 community controls matched by age, gender, and smoking history. The in-house assay, a modified Fortin and Genest HPLC method, was compared with the Bio-Rad HPLC assay, the Abbott IMx® fluorescence polarization immunoassay, and a Bio-Rad enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) microtiter method. Results: Correlation coefficient values between the in-house HPLC assay and the Bio-Rad HPLC, the Abbott IMx, and the Bio-Rad EIA assays were 0.95, 0.96 and 0.90, respectively. Although tHcy concentrations were higher in cases compared with controls by all four methods, the difference reached statistical significance only with the in-house HPLC procedure (median, 13.5 ± 6.7 μmol/L in cases vs 10.9 ± 4.8 μmol/L in controls; P &lt;0.01, adjusting for covariates), where it was an independent predictor of case or control status, along with hypertension, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. The tHcy distributions in cases and controls demonstrated significant overlap. The number of atherosclerotic major coronary vessels was associated with significantly higher tHcy (P &lt;0.01 for trend) in all four methods. Conclusions: The three commercial assays for tHcy differed in analytical and clinical performance. Analytically, the Abbott IMx method showed the best comparability with the in-house assay, but clinically, the three commercial methods were similar and did not distinguish cases from controls.

STATIC ENDURANCE OF THE BACK EXTENSOR MUSCLES: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PERFORMANCE AND REPORTED REASONS FOR TEST TERMINATION

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidozie E. Mbada ◽  
Olusola Ayanniyi ◽  
Rufus A. Adedoyin ◽  
Olubusola E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Endurance Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Endurance Time ◽  
Hamstring Muscles ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Α Level ◽  
Back Extensor

Purpose: Quite a few studies have reported previously on reasons for terminating tests of back muscles endurance. This study investigated the association between endurance performance and reported reasons for terminating back extensor muscle endurance test in apparently healthy adults. Methods: Three-hundred-and-seventy-six volunteers with the mean age of 38.9 ± 13.5 years participated in this study. All participants underwent modified Biering–Sørensen test of Static Muscular Endurance. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation, Pearson's correlation and Chi-square, ANOVA and ANCOVA were used to analyze the data. The α level was set at 0.05. Results: It is found that 76.1% of the participants terminated the test due to fatigue in the low back, followed by low-back pain (LBP) (12.8%) and fatigue in the gluteal or hamstring muscles (7.4%) respectively. The magnitudes of the endurance time for each reason of termination — fatigue in the low back (121 ± 49.3 sec), fatigue in the gluteal or hamstring muscles (102 ± 44.0 sec), LBP (59 ± 27.4 sec), and behavioral factors (92 ± 34.7 sec) were found to be significantly different (p = 0.001). Test termination due to fatigue in the low back was on the average 62 seconds longer than that due to LBP. Conclusions: Fatigue was the most commonly reported reason for back extensor muscles' endurance test termination. Endurance time was least in those individuals who terminate the test due to complaints of LBP and greatest in those who end the task for fatigue only.

scholarly journals Cortical effects of repetitive finger flexion- vs. extension-resisted tracking movements: a TMS study

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 1009-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasha B. Godfrey ◽  
Peter S. Lum ◽  
Evan Chan ◽  
Michelle L. Harris-Love
Keyword(s):  
Neural Control ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Intracortical Inhibition ◽  
Tracking Task ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Before And After

While the cortical effects of repetitive motor activity are generally believed to be task specific, the task parameters that modulate these effects are incompletely understood. Since there are differences in the neural control of flexor vs. extensor muscles, the type of muscles involved in the motor task of interest may be one important parameter. In addition, the role each muscle plays in the task, such as whether or not it is the prime mover, is another potentially important task parameter. In the present study, use-dependent cortical plasticity was examined in healthy volunteers performing a robotic waveform tracking task with either the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) or flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) acting as the prime mover. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to measure corticospinal excitability (CE) and short-interval intracortical inhibition of lower and higher threshold corticospinal neurons (SICIL and SICIH, respectively) before and after a flexion- or extension-resisted finger tracking task. After repetitive performance of the tracking task, there was a significant decrease in SICIL targeting the EDC, while no change in CE targeting EDC was observed. In contrast, the reverse pattern was observed in the FDS: a significant increase in CE with no change in SICIL. There was also a tendency toward increased SICIH targeting whichever muscle was acting as the prime mover, although this effect did not reach statistical significance. We conclude that there is a difference in patterns of use-dependent plasticity between extrinsic finger flexor and extensor muscles performing the same task.

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