scholarly journals The potential of removing toxic elements from red sea water by using functionalised natural zeolite and synthetic zeolite

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-316
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abd ElKarim ◽  
Saif Elmajed
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Synthetic Zeolite

scholarly journals REDUCTION OF METAL CATIONS CONTENT FROM THE AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY SORBENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
pp. 5307-5311
Author(s):  
IVETA PANDOVA ◽  
◽  
MIROSLAV RIMAR ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Metal Cations ◽  
Sorption Kinetics ◽  
Synthetic Zeolite ◽  
Natural Zeolites ◽  
Chemically Treated ◽  
Synthetic Zeolites

The article presents the results of research on reducing the concentration of heavy metals, such as copper and nickel, on natural zeolite in comparison with synthetic zeolite and chemically treated natural zeolite. The reduction of the content of specific types of heavy metals from aqueous solutions was investigated by the method of sorption kinetics. The results indicate the ability of natural zeolites to compete with synthetic zeolites.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal Transformation of Natural Zeolite from Ende-NTT and Its Application as Adsorbent of Cationic Dye

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulius Dala Ngapa ◽  
Sri Sugiarti ◽  
Zaenal Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Synthetic Zeolite ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Isothermal Adsorption ◽  
Hydrothermal Transformation ◽  
Equilibrium Process

A synthetic zeolite was produced from natural zeolite from Ende-Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) by hydrothermal method. This study aims to produce synthetic zeolite from Ende natural zeolite to remove cation dye through the adsorption process. Temperature of crystal formation (ageing) was performed at 60 °C for 6 h and hydrothermal process was at 100 °C for 24 h. The natural zeolite produced synthetic NaP1 and synthetic Faujasite. Based on the research results, the synthesis of zeolite by the hydrothermal method can enhance the adsorption capacity and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). The adsorption capacity in the natural zeolites of type ZG, ZL and ZC before the hydrothermal process were 17.289, 17.276, and 16.483 mg/g, respectively, and after hydrothermal they increased to 37.398, 37.369 and 37.362 mg/g, respectively. In addition, the CEC increased from 84.154, 81.042, and 77.474 cmol/kg, respectively, to 244.063, 216.354, and 211.432 cmol/kg, respectively. The Langmuir model most closely matched the isothermal adsorption equilibrium process.

scholarly journals The life cycle of submesoscale eddies generated by topographic interactions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Morvan ◽  
Pierre L'Hégaret ◽  
Xavier Carton ◽  
Jonathan Gula ◽  
Clément Vic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Mesoscale Eddies ◽  
Shear Instability ◽  
Gulf Of Oman ◽  
Coherent Vortices ◽  
Persian Gulf Water ◽  
The Persian Gulf

Abstract. The Persian Gulf Water and Red Sea Water are salty and dense waters recirculating at subsurface in the Gulf of Oman and the Gulf of Aden respectively, under the influence of mesoscale eddies which dominate the surface flow in both semi-enclosed basins. In situ measurements combined with altimetry indicate that the Persian Gulf Water is driven by mesoscale eddies in the form of filaments and submesoscale structures. In this paper, we study the formation and the life cycle of intense submesoscale vortices and their impact on the spread of Persian Gulf Water and Red Sea Water. We use a three-dimensional hydrostatic model with submesoscale-resolving resolution to study the evolution of submesoscale vortices. Our configuration is an idealized version of the Gulf of Oman and Aden: a zonal row of mesoscale vortices interacting with north and south topographic slopes. Intense submesoscale vortices are generated in the simulations along the continental slopes due to two different mechanisms. The first mechanism is due to frictional generation of vorticity in the bottom boundary layer, which detaches from the topography, forms an unstable vorticity filament, and undergoes horizontal shear instability that leads to the formation of submesoscale coherent vortices. The second mechanism is inviscid and implies arrested topographic Rossby waves breaking and forming submesoscale coherent vortices where a mesoscale anticyclone interacts with the topographic slope. Submesoscale vortices subsequently drift away, merge and form larger vortices. They can also pair with opposite signed vortices and travel across the domain. They can weaken or disappear via several mechanisms, in particular fusion into the larger eddies or erosion on the topography. Particle patches are advected and sheared by vortices and are entrained into filaments. Their size first grows as the square root of time, a signature of the merging processes, then it increases linearly with time, corresponding to their ballistic advection by submesoscale eddies. On the contrary, witout intense submesoscale eddies, particles are mainly advected by mesoscale eddies; this implies a weaker dispersion of particles than in the previous case. This shows the important role of submesoscale eddies in spreading Persian Gulf Water and Red Sea Water.

scholarly journals On the Effect of Red Sea and Topography on Rainfall over Saudi Arabia: Case Study

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Al-Mutairi ◽  
Abdel Basset ◽  
Morsy ◽  
Abdeldym
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Sensitivity Experiment ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

This paper aimed to investigate the impact of Red Sea topography and water on the development and rainfall of a case of cyclogenesis occurs over Saudi Arabia during the period 16–18 November 2015 using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The WRF Control Run (WRF-CR) experiment was performed with presence of actual topography and surface water of the Red Sea, while the other three sensitivity experiments were carried out without (i) Red Sea Topography (NRST), (ii) Red Sea Water (NRSW), and (iii) Red Sea Topography and Water (NRSTW). The simulated rainfall in the control experiment depicts in well agreement with Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) rainfall estimates in terms of intensity as well as spatio-temporal distribution. Results demonstrate that rainfall intensity and spatio-temporal distribution significantly changes through each sensitivity experiment compared to the WRF-CR, where the significant variation was found in the NRST experiment. The absence of topography (NRST) leads to formation of strong convergence area over the middle of Red Sea which enhanced uplift motion that further strengthened the low-level jet over Red Sea and the surrounding regions, which enhanced the moisture and temperature gradient and created a conditionally unstable atmosphere that favored the development of the cyclonic system. The absence of Red Sea water (NRSW) changed rainfall spatial distribution and reduced its amount by about 30–40% due to affecting of the dynamics of the upward motion and moisture gradient, suggesting that surface fluxes play an important role in regulating the low-level moist air convergence prior to convection initiation and development.

Recognition and Prevention of Distillate Fuel Emulsions

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Newbound ◽  
A. N. Al-Nasser ◽  
M. P. Sang ◽  
W. J. Carrigan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
High Concentrations

This paper describes a case study involving chronic plugging of 5μm particulate filters in a gas turbine diesel fuel system in a Red Sea refinery. Rapid plugging of the filters was caused by water-in-diesel emulsions generated in diesel fuel supply tanks. Sludge with a wax-like appearance recovered from the 5 μm filters was, in fact, found to be composed of up to 50 percent water with no significant wax content. X-ray studies of the filter catch solids revealed a variety of iron oxide phases, sodium chloride, and high concentrations of sodium sulfate. Microbial cultures inoculated from storage tank ‘rag’ layers yielded moderate to high counts of general aerobic bacteria (GAB), moderate fungal cultures (yeast and molds) and low sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). Elemental analysis of water in supply tanks where microbial activity was highest revealed ion concentrations similar to those found in Red Sea water. Sulfur isotope ratios in sulfate from filter catches suggest that much of the sulfate was derived from microbial metathesis of sulfur-bearing hydrocarbons. Frequent contamination of on-shore liquid hydrocarbon fuel tanks with sea water can cause corrosion and create a favorable environment for bacterial growth. Surfactant byproducts of microbial activity are capable of stabilizing emulsions, suspending water soluble salts such as sodium sulfate, and metals such as lead and copper. Copper is well known to promote gum formation, while all of these contaminants are potentially corrosive to gas turbine hot gas path components.

Boron removal efficiency from Red Sea water using different SWRO/BWRO membranes

2012 ◽  
Vol 423-424 ◽  
pp. 522-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Rahmawati ◽  
Noreddine Ghaffour ◽  
Cyril Aubry ◽  
Gary L. Amy
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Boron Removal

scholarly journals Multidecadal variations in the Early Holocene outflow of Red Sea water into the Arabian Sea

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 658-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. A. Jung ◽  
G. M. Ganssen ◽  
G. R. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Early Holocene
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