Poisson's Ratio for Stretched Vulcanized Natural Rubber

1969 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sekiguchi ◽  
M. Kakiuchi ◽  
T. Morimoto ◽  
K. Fujimoto ◽  
N. Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Large Deformation ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Poisson Ratio ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Infinitesimal Deformation ◽  
Carbon Black Content ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber

Abstract Changes in the Poisson's ratio of natural vulcanized rubber due to elongation were investigated experimentally. The following results were obtained: If infinitesimal deformation at any instant during elongation is considered, it appears to be correct to take the Poisson's ratio at such instants as 0.5. If the apparent Poisson ratio when a certain standard mark is taken and a large deformation imparted is considered, and the elongation ratio is made α, the Poisson's ratio decreases from 0.5 in accordance with the equation log10 (1/m)=0.0204α2−0.261α−0.0628. This equation is valid for subsequent elongations, no matter what elongation situation is taken for the standard marks. These two results do not vary with the carbon black content or on repeated stretching.

Structure and Properties of Loaded Rubber Mditures. XII. Dielectric Properties of Natural Rubber-Carbon Black Mditures

1955 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
A. I. Lukomskaya ◽  
B. A. Dogadkin
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Dielectric Losses ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Carbon Black Content ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Direct Current Conductivity ◽  
Frequency Curves

Abstract 1. The temperature and frequency curves of dielectric constant ε′ and coefficient of dielectric loss ε″ of unvulcanized natural rubber and simple rubber-carbon black mixtures, and also vulcanizates of natural rubber containing various proportions of thermal black or channel black, were studied in the frequency range from 50 to 2.5×107 cycles per second at 20° C, and in the temperature range from −75° to 152° C at frequencies of 103 to 4×104 cycles per second. 2. As in the case of sodium-butadiene mixtures, the addition of carbon black to the rubber leads to three kinds of dielectric losses, viz., a loss due to the nonuniformity of the dielectric, a loss due to the passage of a direct current (conductivity), and a loss due to structure formation. Vulcanization of rubber leads to the appearance of dipolar dielectric losses, which can be explained by the orientation of the sulfur dipoles in the electric field. Loading of vulcanizates causes a change of the dipolar dielectric properties, which depend both on the content and type of filler and on the type of vulcanized rubber. 3. For all the types of vulcanizates, the dependence of the dielectric properties (a measure of the orientation processes in the rubber phase) on the form factor ( a measure of the structure-forming capacity of the carbon black) corresponds to the dependence of the physical-mechanical properties on the carbon black content.

Effect of Carbon Black on Poisson's Ratio of Elastomers

1975 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Holownia
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Bulk Modulus ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Carbon Black Content ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Incompressible Materials

Abstract The experimental method developed is mostly suitable for measuring K of relatively incompressible materials such as members of the elastomer family. The accuracy of K values are estimated to be within ±3% for all rubber specimens. Its use can be extended to plastics with somewhat reduced accuracy. The results show that bulk modulus K for the four different rubbers tested increases almost linearly with carbon black content while the Young's modulus E increases much more rapidly as shown in Figure 3. It is interesting to note that Poisson's ratio v calculated using K and E does not fall below 0.4940 (Figure 5), and the value of v=0.4997 as quoted in engineering handbooks would be reasonable to use for most practical applications where the carbon black content is not excessive.

Seismic wave velocity investigation at The Geysers‐Clear Lake geothermal field, California

Geophysics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsh K. Gupta ◽  
Ronald W. Ward ◽  
Tzeu‐Lie Lin
Keyword(s):  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Poisson Ratio ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Clear Lake ◽  
Seismic Wave Velocity ◽  
S Waves ◽  
The Geysers

Analysis of P‐ and S‐waves from shallow microearthquakes in the vicinity of The Geysers geothermal area, California, recorded by a dense, telemetered seismic array operated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) shows that these phases are easily recognized and traced on record sections to distances of 80 km. Regional average velocities for the upper crust are estimated to be [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for P‐ and S‐waves, respectively. Poisson’s ratio is estimated at 23 locations using Wadati diagrams and is found to vary from 0.13 to 0.32. In general, the Poisson’s ratio is found to be lower at the locations close to the steam production zones at The Geysers and Clear Lake volcanic field to the northeast. The low Poisson ratio corresponds to a decrease in P‐wave velocity in areas of high heat flow. The decrease may be caused by fracturing of the rock and saturation with gas or steam.

Experiment on Poisson's Ratio Determination about Corn Kernel

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 799-802
Author(s):  
Fei Dai ◽  
Wu Yun Zhao ◽  
Zheng Sheng Han ◽  
Feng Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Poisson Ratio ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Corn Kernel ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Ratio Determination

Poisson's ratio is one of the important physical parameters in the finite element calculation model of corn kernel. In this study, through the preparation of the test material and test program design, with the loading speed of the testing machine was 2mm/min, through applied different loading (30N, 90N, 120N and 150N) for Poisson's ratio determination about corn kernel with the experiment. The test results showed that the Poisson's ratio average value in 0.399-0.423 when the corn kernel moisture content was 13.2%, the greater loading was applied, and the smaller value in the fluctuation range of the Poisson's ratio was measured. When applied to the indenter loading of 150N, the corn kernel Poisson ratio fluctuation which was between the minimum and maximum value of 5.1%.

Heats of Vulcanization of Synthetic Rubbers

1944 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Bruce ◽  
R. Lyle ◽  
J. T. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Side Reaction ◽  
Heat Evolution ◽  
Butyl Rubber ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Principal Reaction ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
Quantity Of Heat

Abstract 1. The heats of vulcanization for natural rubber and Buna-S are nearly equal. The data for both materials indicate two different chemical reactions during vulcanization. At low sulfur percentages, the principal reaction forms soft vulcanized rubber and is accompanied by little or no heat evolution. Above the 2 per cent sulfur region, a second reaction predominates, forming hard rubber and producing a relatively large quantity of heat. 2. The presence of an accelerator (Santocure) in Buna-S has little, if any, effect on heat of vulcanization. 3. The addition of carbon black to Buna-S lowers the heat of vulcanization in the region above 4 per cent sulfur. The calories evolved in a 10 per cent sulfur compound decrease linearly with percentage of carbon black. 4. The heats of vulcanization of Buna-N (Hycar OR-15) indicate the presence of two chemical reactions. Unlike natural rubber and Buna-S, the ebonite reaction does not predominate until the sulfur concentration is raised above 10 per cent. 5. The heat of vulcanization of Butyl rubber with sulfur is equal to the heat evolved with natural rubber containing 0.6 per cent sulfur. If one sulfur atom reacts per double bond, the maximum amount combining would be 0.72 per cent sulfur. During the vulcanization of Butyl rubber with p-quinone dioxime and lead peroxide, a large amount of heat is evolved by a side reaction between the vulcanizing agents. The reaction involving the Butyl rubber produces about 6 calories per gram, a considerably higher value than the 1 calorie produced by sulfur vulcanization. 6. The heat of vulcanization of Neoprene-GN without added agents corresponds to a value for smoked sheet rubber containing 4.5 per cent sulfur. The addition of zinc oxide and magnesia decreases the heat of vulcanization.

scholarly journals POISSON'S RATIO OF THE VULCANIZED NATURAL RUBBER IN THE STRETCHING

1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 719-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sekiguchi ◽  
M. Kakiuchi ◽  
T. Morimoto ◽  
K. Fujimoto ◽  
N. Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Poisson's Ratio

scholarly journals Universal Scaling Laws of Origami Paper Springs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohua Sun
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Poisson Ratio ◽  
Twist Angle ◽  
Data Fitting ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Universal Scaling ◽  
Spring Force ◽  
Open Question

This letter solves an open question of paper spring risen by Yoneda (2019). Universal scaling laws of a paper spring are proposed by using both dimensional analysis and data fitting. It is found that spring force obeys power square law of spring extension, however strong nonlinear to the total twist angle. Without doing any additional works, we have successfully generalize the scaling laws for Poisson ratio 0.3 to the materials with an arbitrary Poisson's ratio with the help of dimensional analysis.

scholarly journals Structural Modelling of Automotive Engine Mounting from Kenaf Fibre Reinforced Natural Rubber/Thermoplastic Polyurethane “Green” Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S4) ◽  
pp. 445-449
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Automotive Engine ◽  
Ansys Simulation ◽  
New Material ◽  
Stress Simulation

This paper presents an investigation of deformation analysis using ANSYS of automotive engine rubber mount made from kenaf fiber reinforced natural rubber (NR)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites. The modelling of mounting was conducted using CATIA software. To determine the of the Poisson’s ratio of this new material composites is important, which was required data to be filled into the ANSYS software. The Poisson’s ratio was calculated based on the previous data experiment from the stress-strain results. The analysis was focussing on the deformation and stress analysis effected from the pressure that was applied in the modelling and in the ANSYS simulation software which is 250 psi. The deformation and stress simulation results were then identified and discussed and the results were compared to the Natural Rubber material of the same design simulation.

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