scholarly journals A Molecular Theory of Filler Reinforcement Based upon the Conception of Internal Deformation (A Rough Approximation of the Internal Deformation)

1963 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1081-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyasu Sato ◽  
Junji Furukawa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Molecular Theory ◽  
Theoretical Treatment ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Cavitation Effect ◽  
Rough Approximation ◽  
Internal Mechanism ◽  
Internal Deformation ◽  
Filler Reinforcement

Abstract A molecular theory is presented in this paper which gives a method of analysis for the mechanical properties of filler-reinforced elastomers, based upon the concept of the internal deformation and the statistical theory of rubberlike elasticity. By using a suitable model and a few new concepts a proper analysis for such a heterogeneous system is obtained. From the theory the internal mechanism of filler reinforcement is understood. It is made clear that reinforcement consists of three effects: the volume effect, the surface effect, and the cavitation effect. From the theory, formulae for the tension, swelling tension, Young's moduli, local stress distribution, strain birefreingence, condition for swelling equilibrium, and so on are derived. It has long been recognized that rubbery substances and plastic materials are reinforced by incorporation of suitable powdery substances (reinforcing fillers) which improve their mechanical properties such as elastic modulus, hardness, stiffness, resilience, solvent resistance, plastic viscosity, tensile strength, tear resistance, etc. Although numerous attempts have been made to clarify and systematize the internal mechanism of filler reinforcement, there is at present no distinct picture of the mechanism, much less a satisfactory theoretical treatment of the phenomena.

A Molecular Theory of Filler Reinforcement Based on the Concept of Internal Deformation

1962 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyasu Sato ◽  
Junji Furukawa
Keyword(s):  
Surface Effect ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Volume Effect ◽  
Molecular Theory ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Cavitation Effect ◽  
Swelling Equilibrium ◽  
Internal Mechanism ◽  
Internal Deformation ◽  
Filler Reinforcement

Abstract A molecular theory is presented which gives an analytical method to describe filler-reinforced heterogeneous elastomers and the cavitation therein caused by elongation. By using a suitable model and a new concept a proper method of analysis for a heterogeneous system is obtained. By means of this method the overall internal mechanism of filler reinforcement can be understood; especially it is made clear that reinforcement consists of three effects: a volume effect, a surface effect and a cavitation effect. Also, formulas for several main quantities are derived: tension, swelling tension, Young's modulus, local stress distribution, condition for swelling equilibrium, etc.

scholarly journals Effect of Nanopores on Mechanical Properties of the Shape Memory Alloy

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 529
Author(s):  
Chunzhi Du ◽  
Zhifan Li ◽  
Bingfei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Residual Strain ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strength Limit

Nanoporous Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) are widely used in aerospace, military industry, medical and health and other fields. More and more attention has been paid to its mechanical properties. In particular, when the size of the pores is reduced to the nanometer level, the effect of the surface effect of the nanoporous material on the mechanical properties of the SMA will increase sharply, and the residual strain of the SMA material will change with the nanoporosity. In this work, the expression of Young’s modulus of nanopore SMA considering surface effects is first derived, which is a function of nanoporosity and nanopore size. Based on the obtained Young’s modulus, a constitutive model of nanoporous SMA considering residual strain is established. Then, the stress–strain curve of dense SMA based on the new constitutive model is drawn by numerical method. The results are in good agreement with the simulation results in the published literature. Finally, the stress-strain curves of SMA with different nanoporosities are drawn, and it is concluded that the Young’s modulus and strength limit decrease with the increase of nanoporosity.

Role of the surface effect on the structural, electronic and mechanical properties of the carbide MXenes

2015 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 26007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian-Hu Zha ◽  
Kan Luo ◽  
Qiuwu Li ◽  
Qing Huang ◽  
Jian He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Effect

Study on Engineering Mechanical Properties of Mayanpo Slope at Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station

2012 ◽  
Vol 548 ◽  
pp. 511-515
Author(s):  
Jian Hui Sun ◽  
Long Jiang ◽  
Wan Shun Wang ◽  
Chen Lin Xiong ◽  
Zhao Hui Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Strength Reduction ◽  
Hydropower Station ◽  
Weak Interlayer ◽  
Internal Deformation ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Changing Rate

Through the field test of Mayanpo slope at Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station, external deformation, deep deformation, groundwater level and stability of the slope with weak interlayer are analyzed in this paper. The results show that: ① displacement deformation increases with time and decreases with increasing depth. Changes of displacement can be divided into three stages: deformation rapidly increases in the early, and slowly increases in the medium, and becomes gradually stable in the later. Changing rate of displacement decreases with time, and the rate can also be divided into three stages, basically consistent with the displacement changing stage; ② a certain thickness of weak interlayer and evident dislocation exists in slope strata. Dislocation rate first increases and then decreases until basically stable, and local fluctuation is mainly affected by rainfall and dynamic equilibrium adjustment of the slope internal deformation; ③based on the penalty function contact of pile soil and the surface of rock mass, the three-dimensional numerical model of coupling of seepage and strain has been established, and through analyzing and comparing with field test data, it is verified that the model is feasible in the study on slope deformation; ④ through stability analysis of Mayanpo slope by strength reduction FEM, stability coefficient is 1.72.

scholarly journals The Structure and Plastic Properties of the Cell Wall of Nitella in Relation to Extension Growth

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Probine ◽  
NF Barber
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Cellulose Microfibrils ◽  
Theoretical Treatment ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Growing Cell ◽  
Plastic Matrix

The internodal cells of Nitella opaca L. have been used in earlier studies to assess the part which mechanical properties of the wall may play in the control of cell growth (Probine and Preston 1962). The wall is mechanically anisotropic in both its plastic and elastic properties, and it is shown in this paper by an approximate theoretical treatment that a mat of cellulose microfibrils, embedded in a plastic matrix and having a distribution in the plane of the wall like that observed in Nitella, would lead to longitUdinal and transverse plastic extensions in the ratio observed in the growing cell. Factors which would affect cell shape are discussed.

Physical properties of surfaces I - Kinetic friction

1935 ◽  
Vol 234 (741) ◽  
pp. 329-354 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Force ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Kinetic Friction ◽  
Adsorption Of Gases ◽  
Molecular Layers

These papers describe an investigation of the physical and mechanical properties of solid surfaces, and the effect which the surfaces have on matter in their immediate vicinity. It is well known that the properties of gases, liquids and crystallizing solids are profoundly modified in the neighbourhood of a surface. There is, however, some uncertainty as to the magnitude and range of action of this surface force. Most experiments on the adsorption of gases show that the effect is confined to one or two molecular layers at the interface while in the case of liquid crystals we know that the surface effect can extend beyond this and causes an orientation of the crystal aggregates to a distance of several thousand Angstroms. Some workers have claimed that films of air or of alcohol ca . 40,000 A thick apparently possessed sufficient rigidity to resist a steady pressure equal to several grammes weight. It has been shown, J however, that if the surfaces are carefully polished and are free from dust particles there is no evidence for a long range surface effect of this magnitude.

scholarly journals Improving localization precision of Brillouin measurements using spectral autocorrelation analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (06) ◽  
pp. 1742004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eitan Edrei ◽  
Milos Nikolic ◽  
Giuliano Scarcelli
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Autocorrelation Function ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Intrinsic Noise ◽  
Theoretical Treatment ◽  
Autocorrelation Analysis ◽  
Brillouin Spectroscopy ◽  
Localization Precision ◽  
Properties Of Materials

Brillouin spectroscopy is a powerful tool for measuring the mechanical properties of materials without contact. The sensitivity to mechanical changes that a Brillouin spectrometer can detect is determined by the precision to which a spectral peak can be localized. The localization precision is however fundamentally limited by the low number of photons within a Brillouin measurement, as well as by intrinsic noise of the setup. Here, we present a method to improve the spectral sensitivity of Brillouin measurements by exploiting the autocorrelation function of the spectrum. We show that by performing a localization process on the autocorrelation function nearly 20% increase in localization precision can be obtained. This result is consistent between our theoretical treatment, numerical simulation and experimental results. We further study the effect of background noise on the precision improvement for realistic scenarios.

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