Fillers for Balancing Passenger Tire Tread Properties

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Byers
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
The Many

Abstract Strong demands for lower rolling resistance tires in Europe led to the introduction of a new filler system for auto tire treads in the early 1990s. Silica, in combination with a silane coupling agent, was used as the primary filler system despite the increased costs compared to carbon black. The adoption of silica/silane treads has been slower outside of Europe, but some conversion to silica/silane or alternative filler blends has taken place in North America and Japan. This paper is a review of the many reports related to the silica/silane filler system, as well as alternative approaches — including new carbon blacks — to lower rolling resistance, that have been generated since the introduction of the “green tire” concept in the early 1990s.

Yeast as Coupling Agent for Corn Filler in Tyre Tread Compound

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Agrawal ◽  
S.K. Mandot ◽  
N. Mandal ◽  
S. Bandyopadhyay ◽  
R. Mukhopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Polymer Filler ◽  
Silane Coupling

Tyre manufacturers are continually developing energy efficient, low rolling resistance tyres, using more and more naturally occurring materials, with minimum depletion of petroleum/natural resources. Of all the components of a typical tyre, the tread component contributes most to rolling resistance properties. So continuous efforts are in progress around the globe to develop suitable tread compounds in order to fulfil the above criteria with different filler combinations, including treated fillers. In the present study, the effect of a naturally occurring coupling agent, yeast, was investigated in the context of a corn – carbon black filler system, and the results were compared with those for corn powder treated with a silane coupling agent – carbon black system in a radial passenger tyre tread compound. The yeast increased polymer-filler interaction significantly by modifying the corn surface, giving rise to optimum properties for the tread compound.

Magnesium Silicate Filler in Rubber Tread Compounds

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis González Hernández ◽  
Luis M. Ibarra Rueda ◽  
Celia Chamorro Antón
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Wet Skid Resistance

Abstract The natural magnesium silicate, sepiolite (trade name Pansil), can partially substitute (up to 30%) for carbon black without important losses in physical properties and occasionally can improve them. In the NR-based compounds, as the substitution takes place, vulcanization times and Mooney viscosities decrease. Tear and abrasion resistances are lower. The same effects are observed in the SBR-based compounds, though in this case, the addition of a silane coupling agent (Silane A-189) counteracts the negative effects of the sepiolite, and the obtained values are clearly better than those with only carbon black. According to tan δ behavior in truck tire tread compounds, this filler type gives a higher wet grip resistance, but rolling resistance would be adversely affected by its use, though the presence of a silane coupling agent diminishes these effects. On the contrary, in passenger tire tread compounds, the partial substitution for carbon black seems to increase the wet resistance too, without a pronounced damage in rolling resistance. In this case, the addition of the silane coupling agent produces an increase in wet skid resistance and a decrease in rolling resistance. Based on laboratory tests, rolling resistance increases in all cases, mainly when the sepiolite was modified with silane. Wet skid resistance showed no variations. Clearly, it would be desirable to confirm our observations by an actual tire test.

Effect of Surface Oxidation of Carbon Black on Its Bonding with Epoxidized Natural Rubber in the Presence of Silane Coupling Agent

1999 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay K. Manna ◽  
P. P. De ◽  
D. K. Tripathy ◽  
S. K. De ◽  
M. K. Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Silyl Ether ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Swelling Studies

Abstract Results of bound rubber determination, Monsanto rheometry, solvent swelling studies and measurement of physical properties reveal that high temperature molding of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) filled with intermediate super abrasion furnace (ISAF) carbon black and surface oxidized ISAF carbon black, in the presence of silane coupling agent, namely, N-(4-vinylbenzyl)-N′-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethane-1,2-diamine monoHCl salt, results in crosslinking of the rubber phase, even in the absence of the vulcanizing agents. Infrared spectroscopic studies show formation of silyl ether, in the case of ISAF carbon black, whereas the oxidized grade forms both silyl ether as well as silyl ester and amide linkage. Oxidation of ISAF carbon black causes an increase in the extent of coupling bond formation.

scholarly journals Comparison between SBR Compounds Filled with In-Situ and Ex-Situ Silanized Silica

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Pilar Bernal-Ortega ◽  
Rafal Anyszka ◽  
Yoshihiro Morishita ◽  
Raffaele di Ronza ◽  
Anke Blume
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Silica Surface ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Silanized Silica

The main advantages of the use of silica instead of carbon black in rubber compounds are based on the use of a silane coupling agent. The use of a coupling agent to modify the silica surface improves the compatibility between the silica and the rubber. There are two different possibilities of modifying the silica surface by silane: ex-situ and in-situ. The present work studies the differences between these processes and how they affect the in-rubber properties of silica filled SBR compounds.

scholarly journals Properties of SBR/NR Blend: The Effects of Carbon Black/Silica (CB/Si) Hybrid Filler and Silane Coupling Agent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand G ◽  
S. Vishvanathperumal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Hybrid Filler ◽  
Hybrid Fillers ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Abstract In the current research, investigation of natural rubber (NR)/styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) reinforced with carbon black (CB)/silica (Si) and with and without silane coupling agent (Si69) was analyzed. The total hybrid filler (CB/Si) concentration in the composite was fixed at 50 phr. Cure characteristics, mechanical properties and surface morphology were examined. The addition of a silane coupling agent improves the mechanical properties of NR/SBR rubber composites reinforced with CB/Si hybrid fillers. Compared with NR/SBR composites with Si69, addition of 0/50 CB/Si resulted in 53% decrease of tensile strength and 81% increase of elongation at break, superior to that of NR/SBR composites without Si69. When Si69 was used as a binding agent, the scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the tensile fractured surface clearly shows the better dispersion of hybrid fillers in the NR/SBR matrix.

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Natural Rubber Latex Modified by Purple Carbon Black

2013 ◽  
Vol 821-822 ◽  
pp. 961-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Fan ◽  
Xiao Xue Liao ◽  
Shuang Quan Liao ◽  
Yan Fang Zhao ◽  
Jie Sun
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Latex Film ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Silane Coupling

Stable aqueous solution of purple carbon black (PCB) was prepared first and then added to prevulcanized natural rubber latex. The effects of the amount of PCB, silane coupling agent and the type of silane coupling agent on the mechanical properties of the vulcanized latex film were researched. The results show that the best mechanical properties were obtained when the vulcanized film was filled with 6 phr PCB modified by KH560. TG shows that thermal stability of the film with PCB modified by KH560 increased. DSC shows that the glass transition temperature of the film increased after adding PCB.

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