Magnesium Silicate Filler in Rubber Tread Compounds

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis González Hernández ◽  
Luis M. Ibarra Rueda ◽  
Celia Chamorro Antón
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Wet Skid Resistance

Abstract The natural magnesium silicate, sepiolite (trade name Pansil), can partially substitute (up to 30%) for carbon black without important losses in physical properties and occasionally can improve them. In the NR-based compounds, as the substitution takes place, vulcanization times and Mooney viscosities decrease. Tear and abrasion resistances are lower. The same effects are observed in the SBR-based compounds, though in this case, the addition of a silane coupling agent (Silane A-189) counteracts the negative effects of the sepiolite, and the obtained values are clearly better than those with only carbon black. According to tan δ behavior in truck tire tread compounds, this filler type gives a higher wet grip resistance, but rolling resistance would be adversely affected by its use, though the presence of a silane coupling agent diminishes these effects. On the contrary, in passenger tire tread compounds, the partial substitution for carbon black seems to increase the wet resistance too, without a pronounced damage in rolling resistance. In this case, the addition of the silane coupling agent produces an increase in wet skid resistance and a decrease in rolling resistance. Based on laboratory tests, rolling resistance increases in all cases, mainly when the sepiolite was modified with silane. Wet skid resistance showed no variations. Clearly, it would be desirable to confirm our observations by an actual tire test.

Fillers for Balancing Passenger Tire Tread Properties

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Byers
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
The Many

Abstract Strong demands for lower rolling resistance tires in Europe led to the introduction of a new filler system for auto tire treads in the early 1990s. Silica, in combination with a silane coupling agent, was used as the primary filler system despite the increased costs compared to carbon black. The adoption of silica/silane treads has been slower outside of Europe, but some conversion to silica/silane or alternative filler blends has taken place in North America and Japan. This paper is a review of the many reports related to the silica/silane filler system, as well as alternative approaches — including new carbon blacks — to lower rolling resistance, that have been generated since the introduction of the “green tire” concept in the early 1990s.

Yeast as Coupling Agent for Corn Filler in Tyre Tread Compound

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Agrawal ◽  
S.K. Mandot ◽  
N. Mandal ◽  
S. Bandyopadhyay ◽  
R. Mukhopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Polymer Filler ◽  
Silane Coupling

Tyre manufacturers are continually developing energy efficient, low rolling resistance tyres, using more and more naturally occurring materials, with minimum depletion of petroleum/natural resources. Of all the components of a typical tyre, the tread component contributes most to rolling resistance properties. So continuous efforts are in progress around the globe to develop suitable tread compounds in order to fulfil the above criteria with different filler combinations, including treated fillers. In the present study, the effect of a naturally occurring coupling agent, yeast, was investigated in the context of a corn – carbon black filler system, and the results were compared with those for corn powder treated with a silane coupling agent – carbon black system in a radial passenger tyre tread compound. The yeast increased polymer-filler interaction significantly by modifying the corn surface, giving rise to optimum properties for the tread compound.

A New Carbon Black-Rubber Coupling Agent to Improve Wet Grip and Rolling Resistance of Tires

1996 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. González ◽  
A. Rodríguez ◽  
J. L. de Benito ◽  
A. Marcos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Dynamic Property ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
New Type ◽  
Wet Grip ◽  
Wet Skid Resistance

Abstract The compound p-aminobenzenesulfonyl azide was developed as a new type of carbon black to rubber coupling agent. Its addition to rubber compounds increases resilience and moduli while reducing abrasion loss. The behavior of this coupling agent is confirmed by the dynamic mechanical response of the vulcanizates—the rubber Tg is shifted to higher temperatures. Rubber compositions containing this coupling agent may be used in tire treads to reduce rolling resistance and improve wet skid resistance. These attributes were estimated from dynamic property measurements.

Effect of Surface Oxidation of Carbon Black on Its Bonding with Epoxidized Natural Rubber in the Presence of Silane Coupling Agent

1999 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay K. Manna ◽  
P. P. De ◽  
D. K. Tripathy ◽  
S. K. De ◽  
M. K. Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Silyl Ether ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Swelling Studies

Abstract Results of bound rubber determination, Monsanto rheometry, solvent swelling studies and measurement of physical properties reveal that high temperature molding of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) filled with intermediate super abrasion furnace (ISAF) carbon black and surface oxidized ISAF carbon black, in the presence of silane coupling agent, namely, N-(4-vinylbenzyl)-N′-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethane-1,2-diamine monoHCl salt, results in crosslinking of the rubber phase, even in the absence of the vulcanizing agents. Infrared spectroscopic studies show formation of silyl ether, in the case of ISAF carbon black, whereas the oxidized grade forms both silyl ether as well as silyl ester and amide linkage. Oxidation of ISAF carbon black causes an increase in the extent of coupling bond formation.

Tire tread rubber compounds with ternary system filler based on carbon black, silica, and metakaolin: Contribution of silica/metakaolin content on the final properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 712-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cléverson Fernandes Senra Gabriel ◽  
Alessandra de Alencar Padua Gabino ◽  
Ana Maria Furtado de Sousa ◽  
Cristina Russi Guimarães Furtado ◽  
Regina Célia Reis Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Lower Heat ◽  
Tread Rubber ◽  
Heat Buildup

Carbon black and high performance silica have been widely employed as binary system filler in tire tread formulations. This study evaluated the total and partial substitution of silica by metakaolin (MK) on the properties of tread rubber composites. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and abrasion tests were conducted as typical assessments of tire tread performance: rolling resistance (fuel consumption), wet traction (safety), and abrasion (durability). Further the energy spent by the equipment during the processing of formulations was also analyzed, as well as rheological and mechanical properties. A significant reduction of rolling resistance was obtained with 75% and 100% of silica substitution by MK, which could lead to lower heat buildup in tire tread applications, without showing negative effects on wet traction, although abrasion showed undesired results. The substitution of silica by MK also lowered energy demanded for processing. No major changes were observed in vulcanization parameters and mechanical properties, which is interesting considering the fact that MK is nonreinforce filler.

Carbon—Silica Dual Phase Filler, a new Generation Reinforcing Agent for Rubber: Part IX. Application to Truck Tire Tread Compound

2001 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Jiao Wang ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Khaled Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Truck Tire ◽  
Reinforcing Agent ◽  
Rubber Part ◽  
Tan Δ ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Wet Skid Resistance

Abstract The application of carbon-silica dual phase fillers (CSDPF) to natural rubber compound was investigated. It was found that these new fillers give significantly better overall performances in comparison with the conventional fillers—carbon black and silica. In a typical truck-tread compound, due to its high polymer—filler interaction and lower filler—filler interaction, the CSDPF E shows a comparable laboratory abrasion resistance and more than 40% reduction in tan δ at 70 °C, a parameter for rolling resistance, compared to compound filled with its carbon black counterpart, N1 10. These properties can, to a certain degree, be further improved by the addition of a small amount of coupling agent, bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfane (TESPT). In the case of wet skid resistance measured using the British Portable Skid Tester, the data show that CSDPF gives better performance than the conventional fillers, with and without coupling agent.

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