scholarly journals BIORREMEDIATION OF EMERGING POLLUTANTS WITH THE USE OF STRUCTURED MATERIALS

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (28) ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Mima Sales Loiola ROSA ◽  
Luís Antônio Oliveira NUNES ◽  
Ives Brian Campelo Leite SILVA ◽  
Francisco Cardaso FIGUEIREDO ◽  
José Ribeiro dos SANTOS JUNIOR
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Pollutants ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Chemical Adsorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structured Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Microscopies ◽  
Bioremediation Processes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Human activities in industry, transportation, agriculture and urbanization have been generating the release of emerging pollutants, in other words substances resistant especially in water bodies such as drugs, endocrine disruptors, heavy metals, textile dyes, chloride compounds, nitro phenols and pesticides. For the treatment of systems reached by these emerging pollutants, the bioremediation process has been used worldwide, and consists in using microorganisms that degrade pollutants. This process can be potentiated using structured materials that immobilize the microorganisms by physical or chemical adsorption and transports them to the pollutant. This review highlights the characterization of the structured immobilized or free materials by Scanning Electron Microscopies (SEM) and Transmission (TEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and the influence of the pH on immobilization and bioremediation processes.

Preparation and Characterization of A Composite Obtained through Ti (IV) and Phosphoric Acid

2014 ◽  
Vol 775-776 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Loanda Raquel Cumba ◽  
U.O. Bicalho ◽  
D.R. Carmo
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Titanium Isopropoxide ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Microscopies ◽  
Prepared Material ◽  
Scanning Electron

This paper describes the preparation and complementary characterization of a composite formed from the activation of titanium isopropoxide by phosphoric acid and deionized water (TiP).Techniques such as, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman , electronic (UV-vis) and Scanning electron microscopies (SEM) were used for characterization of this new composite formed. In the X-ray diffractogram of TIP was observed four intense peaks. A strong absorption was observed in the region 362-445 nm. The scanning electron microscopy of TiP, shows that the prepared material consists mostly of a cluster of spherical particles with diameters ranging from 2.35 to 2.60 μm.

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Membran ZSM-5 yang Disintensis dengan Variasi Jenis dan Ukuran Kasa Penyangga

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ana Hidayati Mukaromah ◽  
Tulus Ariyadi ◽  
Inas Hasna Azizah ◽  
Mifbakhuddin Mifbakhuddin
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aisi 316 ◽  
Scanning Electron

<p>Telah dilakukan sintesis dan karakterisasi membran ZSM-5 dengan penyangga kasa jenis 304 ukuran 200 dan 400 mesh dan jenis kasa AISI 316 ukuran 180 mesh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mensintesis membran ZSM-5 dengan penyangga kasa jenis 304 ukuran 200 dan 400 mesh dan jenis kasa AISI 316 ukuran 180 mesh dan mengkarakterisasi membran ZSM-5 hasil sintesis. Sintesis membran dilakukan dengan cara melapiskan prekursor ZSM-5 (<em>coating)</em> pada penyangga kasa yang telah diberi perlakuan dan dipanaskan pada suhu 90 °C selama 4 hari. Selanjutnya, membran yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi engan metoda <em>X-ray diffraction</em> (XRD), <em>scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy</em> (SEM-EDS) dan <em>Fourier-transform infrared</em> (FTIR). Hasil citra SEM-EDS menunjukkan bahwa ukuran membran ZSM-5 yang semakin besar, menghasilkan jumlah lubang atau pori semakin banyak dengan luasan pori yang semakin kecil. Pola difraksi XRD menunjukkan bahwa membran yang dihasilkan mempunyai intensitas tertinggi pada 2 8º dan 23º yang merupakan karakteristik dari ZSM-5. Hasil spektra FTIR menunjukkan adanya serapan pada bilangan gelombang 450 cm<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>yang merupakan ciri khas membran ZSM-5.</p><p class="Text"><strong>Characterization of ZSM-5 Membranes Synthesized by Variation of Support Types and Sizes.</strong> Synthesis and characterization of ZSM-5 membrane were carried out with 304 type 200 and 400 mesh gauze supports and 180 mesh AISI 316 gauze types. The purpose of this study was to synthesize ZSM-5 membrane with 304 type 200 and 400 mesh gauze support and AISI 316 type 180 mesh size 180 mesh and characterize the synthesized ZSM-5 membrane. Membrane synthesis was carried out by coating the pre-treated gauze support with the ZSM-5 precursor and was heated at 90 °C for 4 days. Furthermore, the resulting membrane was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) dan Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). The SEM-EDX analysis shows that the increasing of ZSM-5 membrane size allowed pores number to increase with smaller pore surface area. The X-ray Diffraction pattern (XRD) shows that the resulting membrane has the highest intensity at 2  of 8º and 23º as the characteristics of ZSM-5. The FTIR spectra results show absorption at wavenumbers 450 cm<sup>-1</sup> which is a characteristic of ZSM-5 membranes.</p>

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Structural Characterization of Gallbladder Stones Using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan A. Almarshad ◽  
Sayed M. Badawy ◽  
Abdalkarem F. Alsharari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gallbladder Stones ◽  
Pure Cholesterol ◽  
Scanning Electron

Aim and Objective: Formation of the gallbladder stones is a common disease and a major health problem. The present study aimed to identify the structures of the most common types of gallbladder stones using X-ray spectroscopic techniques, which provide information about the process of stone formation. Material and Method: Phase and elemental compositions of pure cholesterol and mixed gallstones removed from gallbladders of patients were studied using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy combined with scanning electron microscopy analysis and X-ray diffraction. Results: The crystal structures of gallstones which coincide with standard patterns were confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Plate-like cholesterol crystals with laminar shaped and thin layered structures were clearly observed for gallstone of pure cholesterol by scanning electron microscopy; it also revealed different morphologies from mixed cholesterol stones. Elemental analysis of pure cholesterol and mixed gallstones using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the different formation processes of the different types of gallstones. Conclusion: The method of fast and reliable X-ray spectroscopic techniques has numerous advantages over the traditional chemical analysis and other analytical techniques. The results also revealed that the X-ray spectroscopy technique is a promising technique that can aid in understanding the pathogenesis of gallstone disease.

Preliminary Preparation and Characterization Studies of Cellulose from Merbau (Intsia bijuga)

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 314-319
Author(s):  
Nur Amira Mamat Razali ◽  
Fauziah Abdul Aziz ◽  
Saadah Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Preliminary Preparation ◽  
Characterization Studies ◽  
Scanning Electron

Hardwood is wood from angiosperm trees. The characteristic of hardwood include flowers, endosperm within seeds and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. This paper aims to discuss the preparation and characterization of cellulose obtained from hardwood. The hardwood Merbau (Intsia bijuga) was chosen as raw material in this study. Alkaline treatment and delignification methods were used for the preparation of cellulose. Acid hydrolysis was employed to produce cellulose nanocrystal (CNC). The treated and untreated samples were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The final product, from both trated and untreated samples were then compared.

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of BiFeO3 Polyhedral Crystallites

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 508-511
Author(s):  
Lin Lin Yang ◽  
Yong Gang Wang ◽  
Yu Jiang Wang ◽  
Xiao Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

BiFeO3 polyhedrons had been successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The as-prepared products were characterized by power X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The possible mechanisms for the formation of BiFeO3 polyhedrons were discussed. Though comparison experiments, it was found that the kind of precursor played a key role on the morphology control of BiFeO3 crystals.

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