scholarly journals ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CERTAIN DEMOGRAPHIC INDEXES AND THE NUMBER OF CLINICAL TRIALS IN THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3619-3623
Author(s):  
Liliya Bogdanova ◽  
◽  
Valentina Belcheva ◽  
Evgeni Grigorov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Trial Conduct ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years

Purpose: The number of clinical trials conducted by the industry has increased significantly for the period 2014-2016. They have produced advances in disease prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation for many diseases. This was the main reason to carry a study on the association between certain demographic indexes and the number of clinical trials in the European economic area. Proving a correlation between those two variables could lead to additional research pursued by the industry during the feasibility phase of each study in order to have higher and quicker enrollment for the success of the clinical trial. Materials/Methods: Three demographic factors were considered to have some importance on the clinical trial enrollment – the number of population, life expectancy at age 65 and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY). The numbers were processed with Spearman‘rho, and the read of the results shows a correlation to be present for the number of population and life expectancy at age 65. Results: There is a correlation between the number of clinical trials opened for enrollment of patients and certain demographic indexes, which could lead to favorable conditions for trial conduct in the different countries of EEA. Conclusions: Studying in advance if some demographic factors are significant for conduct of clinical studies is something new that could be used by the industry to avoid the wastefulness of a clinical project.

scholarly journals Impact of infectious diseases on population health using incidence-based disability-adjusted life years (DALYs): results from the Burden of Communicable Diseases in Europe study, European Union and European Economic Area countries, 2009 to 2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Cassini ◽  
Edoardo Colzani ◽  
Alessandro Pini ◽  
Marie-Josee J Mangen ◽  
Dietrich Plass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Total Burden ◽  
And Control

Background and aims The Burden of Communicable Diseases in Europe (BCoDE) study aimed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 31 selected diseases in the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA). Methods: DALYs were estimated using an incidence-based and pathogen-based approach. Incidence was estimated through assessment of data availability and quality, and a correction was applied for under-estimation. Calculation of DALYs was performed with the BCoDE software toolkit without applying time discounting and age-weighting. Results: We estimated that one in 14 inhabitants experienced an infectious disease episode for a total burden of 1.38 million DALYs (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 1.25–1.5) between 2009 and 2013; 76% of which was related to the acute phase of the infection and its short-term complications. Influenza had the highest burden (30% of the total burden), followed by tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/AIDS and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Men had the highest burden measured in DALYs (60% of the total), adults 65 years of age and over had 24% and children less than 5 years of age had 11%. Age group-specific burden showed that infants (less than 1 year of age) and elderly people (80 years of age and over) experienced the highest burden. Conclusions: These results provide baseline estimates for evaluating infectious disease prevention and control strategies. The study promotes an evidence-based approach to describing population health and assessing surveillance data availability and quality, and provides information for the planning and prioritisation of limited resources in infectious disease prevention and control.

scholarly journals Slowing improvements in life expectancy across European Economic Area countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ford ◽  
N Steel ◽  
E Aasheim ◽  
B Devleesschauwer ◽  
A Gallay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Life expectancy improvements have slowed down in several European countries since around 2011. The relative contributions from changes in specific conditions (e.g. cancers) and broader risk factors (e.g. smoking or austerity) remain unclear. We aimed to explore the different potential causes in 17 European Economic Area (EEA) countries. Methods We compared Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study estimates for life expectancy, years of life lost (YLLs) and population attributable fractions (PAFs) for risk factors, for 2005-2011 and 2011-2017 for 17 EEA countries. Three countries with the largest absolute improvements and three with the smallest were selected for analysis by gender, age, condition and risk factors. Results Norway, France and Belgium had the largest improvement in life expectancy (+1.5, +1.2 and +1.2 years respectively) from 2011 to 2017, and Germany, Iceland and the UK the smallest (+0.1, +0.2 and +0.2 years). Life expectancy reduced slightly for women aged over 80 in Germany and UK, men aged over 50 in Germany, and for men in all age groups up to 90 years in Iceland. Norway, France and Belgium saw faster improvements in YLLs from lung cancer and Norway and France for COPD in both men and women, and from self-harm in men, after 2011 than before. PAF for tobacco declined faster after 2011. Germany, Iceland and the UK saw slower improvements in cardiovascular disease and in Germany and the UK lung cancer. In Iceland, YLLs for cancers, self harm, respiratory disease, cirrhosis and dementia all worsened after 2011. PAF for tobacco remained high or declined less after 2011 in all 3 countries. PAFs for alcohol and drug use remained high in Iceland and UK. Conclusions Differential changes in major fatal diseases and risk factors help explain national changes in life expectancies, but national differences in data availability may affect results. Further research is needed into the ‘causes of the causes’, such as the 2008 economic crash in Iceland. Key messages Differential changes in major fatal diseases and risk factors help explain national changes in life expectancies. Norway, France and Belgium had the largest improvement in life expectancy from 2011 to 2017, and Germany, Iceland and the UK the smallest.

scholarly journals Sex-Dependent End-of-Life Mental and Vascular Scenarios for Compensatory Mechanisms in Mice with Normal and AD-Neurodegenerative Aging

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Aida Muntsant ◽  
Francesc Jiménez-Altayó ◽  
Lidia Puertas-Umbert ◽  
Elena Jiménez-Xarrie ◽  
Elisabet Vila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Bidirectional Interactions

Life expectancy decreases with aging, with cardiovascular, mental health, and neurodegenerative disorders strongly contributing to the total disability-adjusted life years. Interestingly, the morbidity/mortality paradox points to females having a worse healthy life expectancy. Since bidirectional interactions between cardiovascular and Alzheimer’s diseases (AD) have been reported, the study of this emerging field is promising. In the present work, we further explored the cardiovascular–brain interactions in mice survivors of two cohorts of non-transgenic and 3xTg-AD mice, including both sexes, to investigate the frailty/survival through their life span. Survival, monitored from birth, showed exceptionally worse mortality rates in females than males, independently of the genotype. This mortality selection provided a “survivors” cohort that could unveil brain–cardiovascular interaction mechanisms relevant for normal and neurodegenerative aging processes restricted to long-lived animals. The results show sex-dependent distinct physical (worse in 3xTg-AD males), neuropsychiatric-like and cognitive phenotypes (worse in 3xTg-AD females), and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activation (higher in females), with higher cerebral blood flow and improved cardiovascular phenotype in 3xTg-AD female mice survivors. The present study provides an experimental scenario to study the suggested potential compensatory hemodynamic mechanisms in end-of-life dementia, which is sex-dependent and can be a target for pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.

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