scholarly journals Impact of Organic Micropollutants Causing Mass Mortality of the Clams (Mactra aequisulcata) Due to Charactersitic Distribution at Karachi Coast, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-156
Author(s):  
Safia Khanam ◽  
Alia Bano Munshi ◽  
Hina Ahsan ◽  
Razia Begum
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Heptachlor Epoxide ◽  
Portunus Pelagicus ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Pen Shell ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane ◽  
Atrina Pectinata

  Mass mortality of bivalve clams along with some other marine fauna was observed during the month of May 2016, mainly consisting of the clams (Mactra aequisulcata) of family Veneridae surfaced over the Clifton coast. The occurrence of mass mortality of the venerid clams Mactra aequisulcata and other marine life has been studied due to the toxicity of chlorinated hydrocarbons (DDTs, HCHs, hexa chloro benzene (HCB), chlordane, dieldrin (4-chlorophenyl), methanol (TCPMOH) and heptachlor epoxide and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Significant compositional characteristics of PCBs and DDTs were found in all dead clams and other fauna including fish (Johnius carutta), crabs (Portunus pelagicus), gastropods (Babylonia spirata), bivalves (Anadara antiquata), (Mactra aequisulcata) and the pen shell (Atrina pectinata) from Karachi coast, Pakistan. Mean concentrations (ranges) of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in crab (Portunus pelagicus) and fish samples were 1.1 (<0.01-1.5), 0.22 (<0.01-1.1) and 0.14 (<0.01-1.3) /µg/g. Those in, bivalves (Anadara antiquata) and pen shell (Atrina pectinata), clams (Mactra aequisulcata) were 0.09 (<0.02-1.2), 0.22 (<0.02-1.3) /µg and 0.13 (<0.01-0.27), respectively. The heptachlor epoxide was found in highest concentration in clam samples (25.00 ± 30.92) µg/g, (wet weight) however, in bivalves, (2.30 µg/g, (wet weight), which were higher than those in other gastropods. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) concentrations were also measured in the same samples of gastropods (Babylonia spirata), fish (Johnius carutta), crab (Portunus pelagicus), clams (Mactra aequisulcata), bivalves (Anadara antiquata) and the pen shell (Atrina pectinata) to determine the possible cause of mass mortality. The DDT to metabolites (DDD & DDE) concentration ratios exceeded upto 1.0 in the sessile fauna that is clams (Mactra aequisulcata) and the pen shell (Atrina pectinata) from Karachi coast. These organisms also exhibited dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) inputs, whereas dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDD) was found to be in degraded component and PCBs were generally in low concentrations. The concentrations of DDTs were higher than the ERL guidelines in the coastal areas of Karachi, suggesting that there is potential of ecological risk present in the prevailing environment.    

Pesticide Residues in Milk and Fish Samples Collected from Upper Egypt

1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 872-874
Author(s):  
Salwa M Dogheim ◽  
Monir M Almaz ◽  
Samir N Kostandi ◽  
Mohamed E Hegazy
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Buffalo Milk ◽  
Heptachlor Epoxide ◽  
Upper Egypt ◽  
Chromatographic Techniques ◽  
Hch Isomers ◽  
Fish Samples

Abstract In Egypt, buffalo milk is much preferred by consumers over cow's milk, while small catfish and bolti fish are common in the diet of farmers. Samples of buffalo milk, catfish, and bolti fish collected from Beni-Suef Governorate (Upper Egypt) were analyzed for organochlorines and polychlorinated biphenyls. The results obtained by gas chromatography and confirmed by thin-layer chromatographic techniques revealed high amounts of organochlorines in milk; residues were lower but occurred more frequently in fish samples. Pesticide contaminants found most often were HCH isomers including lindane, DDT complex, aldrin and dieldrin, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide, hexachlorobenzene, and oxychlordane. Polychlorinated biphenyls were not detected in any of the analyzed samples.

Effect of acidic pH on antibacterial action of peptide isolated from Korean pen shell ( Atrina pectinata )

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suyeon Yoo ◽  
Jin-Young Kim ◽  
Seong-Cheol Park ◽  
Do Young Choi ◽  
Chang Ho Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Action ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Pen Shell ◽  
Atrina Pectinata

scholarly journals Some Aspect on the Biology of Pen Shell Atrina Pectinata (Linneaus, 1767) In Coastal Waters of Maqueda Bay, Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Recruitment Pattern ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Growth Coefficient ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
Pen Shell ◽  
Atrina Pectinata

A Total of 379 pen shells Atrinapectinata were collected from February 2017 to January 2018 in the coastal waters of Maqueda Bay. Measurement and analysis of length and weight were done using FiSAT software. Population parameters were assessed to evaluate the stock status which includes the asymptotic length (L∞) and growth coefficient (K) to be 34.65 cm, 0.77 year−1 respectively. Specimens of A. pectinata reached a mean length of 20.98 cm. Length-weight relationship resulted to “negative allometric” 0.0462L2.6533 R2 = 0.7823; signifying pen shells growth was faster in length than on weight. The recruitment pattern was continuous over the year with one major peak during rainy season (July). In addition, the highest catch based on collected sampling date catch was during summer, which suggest as the peak season of the species in the area. Furthermore, the average catch annually of hookah diver was 17.69208. Higher condition index was recorded from April to May, September and January, indicating the high quality of pen shell meat and is recommended as the best period to harvest pen shell whereas June to August and October to December can be concluded as the spawning period of the pen shell and the ideal period to institute close season. Further analysis revealed that the pen shell was nearly facing overexploitation with the exploitation rate (E = 0.46) mainly due to lack of a minimum limit size and also due to an increase in the harvesting effort. The estimated total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F); 1.36 year−1, 1.01year−1 and 0.62 year−1, respectively. Using the mentioned (Z), (M), (F) and (E), the total population resulted to 84725.7 suggesting that half of the population has been exploited due to overfishing

scholarly journals Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Brackish Water Fish in the River Niger, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (17) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Unyimadu ◽  
Oladele Osibanjo ◽  
Joshua O. Babayemi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
River Niger ◽  
Brackish Water Fish

Background. Anthropogenic polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in aquatic environments poses human and ecological health risks in Nigeria. Objectives . This study determined the concentrations of PCBs in brackish water fish in the River Niger to assess the contamination status of fish consumed by the local population. Methods . The sampled fish species included Drepane africana, Mochokus niloticus, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Pristipoma jubelini, Vomer septapinis, Pseudotolithus senegalensis, Mugil cephalus, Pseudotolithus elongatus, Sphyraena piscatorum and Lutjanus goreensis, purchased from landing sites. Six fish from each species were sampled, for a total of 60 samples. Twenty-seven (27) PCB congeners, #8, #18 #28, #44, #52, #60, #77, #81, #101, #105, #114, #118, #123, #126, #128, #138, #153, #156, #157, #167, #169, #170, #180, #185, #189, #195, and #206 were screened in the fish samples using standard methods. The PCBs were identified and quantified using gas chromatography (GC) (Hewlett Packard GC 5890 series 11 with electron capture detector). Confirmation was performed using Shimadzu GCMS QP2010. Results. The sum of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Agency (ΣNOAA) PCBs occurred at the highest concentration of 1830.0±484.0 μg/kg detected in Vomer septapinis, and the lowest in Pseudotolithus senegalensis, with a mean concentration of 795±169.3 μg/kg. The concentration of dioxin-like (DL) PCBs was highest in Pristipoma jubelini (992.0±88.6 μg/kg) and lowest (285.6±81.5 μg/kg) in Drepane africana. The highest mean concentration (418.±177.6 μg/kg) of International Council for the Exploration of the Seas-7 (ICES-7) PCBs was observed in Vomer septapinis. The heavier ICES-7 congeners PCB-138, PCB-153, and PCB-180 occurred at higher concentrations compared to the lighter molecular weight ICES-7: PCB-28, PCB-52, and PCB-101. The European Union (EU) marker PCB limit of 335 μg/kg was exceeded in all the brackish water fishes with the exception of Mochokus niloticus, Pristipoma jubelini and Pseudotolithus senegalensis. Discussion . The total level of PCBs in the brackish fish samples was relatively high at &gt;1000 μg/kg (above the World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) guideline of 1000 μg/kg fresh weight). The EU guideline value for fish (220 μg/kg fresh weight) was exceeded in about 80% of the brackish fish samples studied. Conclusions. Consumption of fish from the River Niger may expose humans to polychlorinated biphenyls. In addition, since contamination of the fish samples is an indication of river contamination, river water quality is of great concern and there is a need for additional PCB data on water quality to be distributed to the community, followed by mitigation measures. Competing interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake and Residues of Organochlorine Pesticides in Foods from Hsinchu, Taiwan

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruey-An Doong ◽  
Chen-Yu Lee ◽  
Yuh-Chang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticide ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Heptachlor Epoxide ◽  
Consumer Health ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Hch Isomers ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Daily Intakes

Abstract The levels of contamination with various organochlorine pesticides (such as total HCH, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, endosulfan, and total DDT) of different foods from 3 traditional markets were determined to estimate Taiwanese daily intake of organochlorine pesticides. Of the 18 organochlorine pesticides investigated, α-HCH, β-HCH, lindane, δ-HCH, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, endrin, α-endosulfan, p,p′-DDE, and p,p′-DDT were detected at concentrations ranging from 0.26 to 10.2 ng/g wet weight. Contamination with organochlorine pesticides followed the order heptachlor &gt; dieldrin &gt; α-endosulfan &gt; HCH isomers &gt; heptachlor epoxide &gt; DDT. Frequencies of detection of organochlorine pesticide residues ranged from 2.0 to 52.3%. α-Endosulfan was the most frequently detected organochlorine pesticide in the foods analyzed, followed by heptachlor epoxide (47.6%) and α-HCH (38.9%). Estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of organochlorine pesticides from foods were 1.137 μg for total HCH, 2.147 μg for heptachlor, 0.702 μg for heptachlor epoxide, 0.624 μg for endosulfan, 0.098 μg for cyclodiene, and 0.541 μg for total DDT. These EDIs were only 0.075% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for lindane, 47.5% of ADI for heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide, 0.045% of ADI for total DDT, and 1.01% of ADI for aldrin and dieldrin. Therefore, consumption of the foods analyzed does not pose a risk to consumer health.

scholarly journals Tracking a mass mortality outbreak of pen shell Pinna nobilis populations: A collaborative effort of scientists and citizens

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Cabanellas-Reboredo ◽  
Maite Vázquez-Luis ◽  
Baptiste Mourre ◽  
Elvira Álvarez ◽  
Salud Deudero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Model ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Pinna Nobilis ◽  
Mass Mortality Event ◽  
Virtual Particles ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Pen Shell ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract A mass mortality event is devastating the populations of the endemic bivalve Pinna nobilis in the Mediterranean Sea from early autumn 2016. A newly described Haplosporidian endoparasite (Haplosporidium pinnae) is the most probable cause of this ecological catastrophe placing one of the largest bivalves of the world on the brink of extinction. As a pivotal step towards Pinna nobilis conservation, this contribution combines scientists and citizens’ data to address the fast- and vast-dispersion and prevalence outbreaks of the pathogen. Therefore, the potential role of currents on parasite expansion was addressed by means of drift simulations of virtual particles in a high-resolution regional currents model. A generalized additive model was implemented to test if environmental factors could modulate the infection of Pinna nobilis populations. The results strongly suggest that the parasite has probably dispersed regionally by surface currents, and that the disease expression seems to be closely related to temperatures above 13.5 °C and to a salinity range between 36.5–39.7 psu. The most likely spread of the disease along the Mediterranean basin associated with scattered survival spots and very few survivors (potentially resistant individuals), point to a challenging scenario for conservation of the emblematic Pinna nobilis, which will require fast and strategic management measures and should make use of the essential role citizen science projects can play.

Organochlorine and Organophosphorus Insecticides and Industrial Pollutants in the Milk Supplies of Ontario – 1983

1985 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. FRANK ◽  
H. E. BRAUN ◽  
G. H. SIRONS ◽  
J. RASPER ◽  
G. G. WARD
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Case History ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Heptachlor Epoxide ◽  
Organophosphorus Insecticides ◽  
Industrial Pollutants ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Maximum Residue Limits ◽  
Low Levels

During the spring of 1983, fluid milk samples were collected from 359 bulk transporters representing 16 counties, municipalities and districts of Ontario, and were analyzed for organochlorine and organophosphorus insecticides plus selected halogenated industrial pollutants. Dieldrin, p,p′-DDE, heptachlor epoxide, and α-BHC were found in over 90% of samples, but none exceeded the accepted maximum residue limits. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), lindane and pentachlorophenol (PCP) were found in 83, 68 and 57% of samples, respectively, with four samples exceeding the permissable PCB limit and one sample exceeding the permissable PCP limit. Residues of chlordane, endosulfan, p,p′-TDE, and p,p′-DDT were identified in only 1.9 to 4.7% of samples, and were present at levels only slightly above the detection limits. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was found at low levels in 40% of samples. Mean residues of organochlorines found were as follows (μg/kg butterfat): ∑DDT - 12; α-BHC - 5.3; lindane - 4.0; heptachlor epoxide - 3.9; dieldrin - 6.2; HCB - 0.67; PCB - 24; and PCP - 29. No residues of six organophosphorus insecticides, endrin, methoxychlor or mirex were detected in any samples. This survey was the sixth in a series beginning in 1967. Half-residue disappearance rates were calculated at 3.5, 5.4, 5.6 and 3.0 years for ∑DDT, dieldrin, PCB and HCB, respectively. A case history is included involving the misapplication of fenthion to a dairy herd which revealed a half-residue elimination from milk in approximately 3 d.

scholarly journals Polaribacter atrinae sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of a comb pen shell, Atrina pectinata

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_5) ◽  
pp. 1654-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Wook Hyun ◽  
Na-Ri Shin ◽  
Min-Soo Kim ◽  
Pil Soo Kim ◽  
Mi-Ja Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Unidentified Phospholipid ◽  
Respiratory Quinone ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Pen Shell ◽  
Atrina Pectinata

A novel Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, non-motile, yellow-to-orange carotenoid-type-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain WP25T, was isolated from the intestine of a comb pen shell, Atrina pectinata, which was collected from the South Sea near Yeosu in Korea. The isolate grew optimally at 20 °C, at pH 7 and with 2 % (w/v) NaCl. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain WP25T belonged to the genus Polaribacter in the family Flavobacteriaceae and the highest sequence similarity was shared with the type strain of Polaribacter sejongensis (98.5 %). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C15 : 1ω6c and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH. The main respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-6. The polar lipids of strain WP25T were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and four unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 31.2 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments indicated <12.6 % genomic relatedness with closely related strains. Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and genotypic analyses, strain WP25T represents a novel species in the genus Polaribacter , for which the name Polaribacter atrinae sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain WP25T ( = KACC 17473T = JCM 19202T).

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