scholarly journals Medium-Term Budgetary Framework for Fiscal Efficiency: A Conceptual Analysis of Bangladesh Case

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Sanwar Jahan Bhuiyan ◽  
Shumshunnahar
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Fiscal Discipline ◽  
Fiscal Efficiency ◽  
New Form

Medium-Term Budgetary Framework (MTBF) is one of the most important policy reforms in the fiscal management of both developing and developed countries of the world. Over the last two decades, on advocacy and technical assistance of World Bank and IMF more than 132 countries of the globe successfully implemented this new form of performance-based budgetary mechanism. As a part of public finance management reform, Bangladesh first introduced MTBF in 2004 and piloted the process for FY 2005-2006 in four ministries successfully. From the FY 2011-12 MTBF has already been rolled out to all ministries and agencies of Bangladesh. The paper discusses the conceptual framework of MTBF that has been following in Bangladesh along with a very limited discussion of empirical evidence of achieving fiscal efficiency by some developing countries. The paper is based on secondary data. On reviewing the relevant literature, it is found that the MTBF mechanism is scientifically devised and logically organized where achieving fiscal discipline, allocative and operational efficiency are the main focus of it. The paper also explored that the new form of a budgetary framework is a radical shift from traditional and compliance-based budgetary system to performance-based, result-oriented, priority-focused budgetary mechanism. Finally, the paper places some empirical evidence on fiscal discipline, allocative and operational efficiency that has been achieved by MTBF or MTEF-adopting countries.

scholarly journals Introduction and implementation of the medium-term budget planning system in Ukraine: the experience of Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 78-92
Author(s):  
M. Dubyna ◽  
Yu. Honcharenko ◽  
O. Kalchenko
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Budget Process ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Fiscal Discipline ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Budget Planning ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Rational Distribution

The need for effective budget planning in Ukraine in order to ensure effective and transparent implementation of the budget process generates the necessity for scientific understanding of the transfer of European practice of medium-term budget planning (MTBP) in domestic realities. Despite numerous developments of scientists concerning the possibilities of improving the procedure of medium-term budget planning (MTBP) in Ukraine, it is important to identify the features of its implementation based on the experienceof developed countries, which will allow us, taking into consideration the obtained results, to deepen further scientific and applied aspects of improving the medium-term budget planning system in Ukraine, to increase the efficiency of its implementation. One of such example is Germany's experience in introducing and implementing the medium-term budget planning. The main purpose of the investigation is the analysis of the budget planning in Ukraine, particularly, the factors influencing it, to determine the opportunities of the application of Germany’s experience concerning the introduction and implementation of the medium-term budget planning. The main advantages and disadvantages of using the MTBP procedure over the traditional (annual) budget are summarized in this paper. Factors of the MTBP development in Germany and other EU countries, particularly: effectiveness of regional practice; post-crisis period of national economies and the world economy; purposefulness of countries to the EU integration; significant amounts of public debt; implementation and enforcement of Directive 2011/85/EU in 2011 are established. Combination of all five preconditions available in Ukraine should ensure the accelerated development of the MTBP. It is determined that the use of German experience for the improvement of medium-term budget planning in Ukraine will contribute to rational distribution of budget resources between the budget system levels, increasing the level of predictability of the state budget policy, improving the macroeconomic balance, fiscal discipline and investment attractiveness of the country. It is noted that the non-fulfillment of the planned indicators of the state budget in Ukraine is due to the inefficient organization of the MTBP and the influence of macroeconomic environment factors.

Bagaimana Penganggaran Berbasis Kinerja dan Kerangka Pengeluaran Jangka Menengah mempengaruhi Efisiensi Operasional pada Satuan Kerja ?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puji Agus
Keyword(s):  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Medium Term

1. Satuan Kerja harus lebih memperhatikan penerapan Kerangka Pengeluaran JangkaMenengah (KPJM) / Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) danPenganggaran Berbasis Kinerja (Performance Based Budgeting) dalam penyusunananggaran untuk mencapai peningkatan Efisiensi Operasional (Operational Efficiency),sehingga kinerja satuan kerja dalam penganggaran bisa menjadi lebih baik.2. Para pembuat keputusan anggaran pada Satuan Kerja dapat memaksimalkanEfisiensi Operasional dengan meningkatkan penerapan Kerangka PengeluaranJangka Menengah (KPJM) / Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) danPenganggaran Berbasis Kinerja (Performance Based Budgeting) yang baik.3. Peneliti yang tertarik dengan permasalahan yang sama disarankan untukmeneliti lebih lanjut terutama pada varibel tersebut di wilayah yang berbeda danmenggunakan alat analisis yang berbeda sehingga penelitian tsb dapatdibandingkan.

Does Globalization Cause Inequality in Developed Countries in the Long Run? Empirical Evidence from 25 OECD Economies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Sen ◽  
Gulasekaran Rajaguru ◽  
Sadhana Srivastava ◽  
Pundarik Mukhopadhaya
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Long Run

scholarly journals European Regional Inequalities: The Other Face of Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Celeste Perrucchini ◽  
Hiroshi Ito
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Per Capita

Empirical evidence suggests an overall convergence in terms of GDP and per capita income occurring among the European Union (EU) Member States. Nevertheless, economic inequalities have been increasing at the regional level within European Union countries. Through the review of relevant literature, this study analyzes the increasing inequalities from an economical point of view, focusing on Italy and the UK as examples. First, a general overlook of the empirical evidence of the GDP and per capita income at national and sub-national levels will be presented. Second, an explanation of the possible causes of the results will be proposed through the use of economical and sociological theories. The findings of this research might uncover the relative inefficacy of EU Cohesion policies and point towards the necessity for deeper and more thoughtful measures to continue the convergence of Member States while preserving internal equilibria. This paper ends with discussions for the future directions of the EU.

scholarly journals A Review of the Recent Developments of Green Banking in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1904
Author(s):  
Fatema Khairunnessa ◽  
Diego A. Vazquez-Brust ◽  
Natalia Yakovleva
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Developed Countries

This paper aims to explore the emergence of ‘Green Banking’ in Bangladesh, with a focus on the role of financial regulation and regulators in greening the financial sector. It also examines the contribution and involvement of banks and non-bank financial institutions in promoting green economic transition. The study is based on the review of secondary data collected from various sources, such as quarterly reports, annual reports, websites of the central bank of Bangladesh, and other commercial banks and non-bank financial institutions as well as various articles, and newspapers reports on green banking in Bangladesh. The collected data is reviewed using descriptive statistics. The research results reveal that the central bank of Bangladesh played a major role in greening the financial system of the country by implementing various green policies and regulatory measures. Although Bangladesh is still far behind the developed countries in terms of environmental performance, the country has made a remarkable progress in initiating and expanding green banking practices, infrastructure development, and accelerating green growth in recent years.

scholarly journals Global epidemiology and socio-economic development correlates of the reproductive ratio of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz P Breitling
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Global Epidemiology ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Mortality Ratio

Abstract Background The most commonly cited argument for imposing or lifting various restrictions in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an assumed impact on the reproductive ratio of the pathogen. It has furthermore been suggested that less-developed countries are particularly affected by this pandemic. Empirical evidence for this is lacking. Methods Based on a dataset covering 170 countries, patterns of empirical 7-d reproductive ratios during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic were analysed. Time trends and associations with socio-economic development indicators, such as gross domestic product per capita, physicians per population, extreme poverty prevalence and maternal mortality ratio, were analysed in mixed linear regression models using log-transformed reproductive ratios as the dependent variable. Results Reproductive ratios during the early phase of a pandemic exhibited high fluctuations and overall strong declines. Stable estimates were observed only several weeks into the pandemic, with a median reproductive ratio of 0.96 (interquartile range 0.72–1.34) 6 weeks into the analysis period. Unfavourable socio-economic indicators showed consistent associations with higher reproductive ratios, which were elevated by a factor of 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.15 to 1.46), for example, in the countries in the highest compared with the lowest tertile of extreme poverty prevalence. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has allowed for the first time description of the global patterns of reproductive ratios of a novel pathogen during pandemic spread. The present study reports the first quantitative empirical evidence that COVID-19 net transmissibility remains less controlled in socio-economically disadvantaged countries, even months into the pandemic. This needs to be addressed by the global scientific community as well as international politics.

scholarly journals The Impact of Development Aid on the International Migrations in the African, Caribbean, and Pacifi c Group of States

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Gregl ◽  
Klavdij Logožar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Donor Side ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
African Caribbean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Development aid, one of the most important mechanisms for the redistribution of global wealth, represents financial flows that have economic growth and social improvement as their main objective. It has also frequently been described as an instrument which is able to diminish international migrations and is used by several developed countries. Recently, much empirical evidence and several contributors have argued that connection and set out other grounds. This paper explores the interaction between development aid and migrations from developing to developed countries. We want to determine, if the amount of development aid has any impact on migrations from African, Caribbean, and the Pacific Group of States. Our results show that development aid does not have a direct effect on migrations and therefore, in terms of international migrations, is not effective. Moreover, we will argue that the donor side should use different policies and other mechanisms to manage migrations from those countries

scholarly journals Nurses’ Perceptions of Barriers and Facilitators to Implement EBP in the Maldives

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathimath Shifaza ◽  
David Evans ◽  
Helen Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Healthcare Organisation ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Insufficient Time ◽  
Nurses Perceptions

This study aims to explore the barriers to evidence based practice (EBP) experienced by nurses working in a Maldivian healthcare organisation. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed to nurses in 5 healthcare facilities and 198 completed questionnaires were returned. The results of this study show that the perceived barriers by the nurses in the Maldives are not significantly different from those reported in developed countries. For healthcare organisations in the Maldives, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the barriers and facilitators to research practice in order to implement EBP. The study showed that the major barriers to research use were that “the relevant literature is not compiled in one place,” there is “insufficient time on the job to implement new ideas,” and “administration will not allow implementation.” The key facilitating factors for EBP include support, encouragement, and recognition by the management and administration. The findings of this study can be useful for determining strategies that can be introduced in the clinical setting to use EBP. Healthcare organisations must continue their support in order to decrease the barriers and optimise care in healthcare facilities.

Board demographic diversity, firm performance and strategic change

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1110-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kipkirong Tarus ◽  
Federico Aime
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Strategic Change ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Demographic Diversity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
High Level

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of boards’ demographic diversity on firms’ strategic change and the interaction effect of firm performance. Design/methodology/approach – This paper used secondary data derived from publicly listed firms in Kenya during 2002-2010 and analyzed the data using fixed effects regression model to test the effect of board demographic and strategic change, while moderated regression analysis was used to test the moderating effect of firm performance. Findings – The results partially supported board demographic diversity–strategic change hypothesis. In particular, results indicate that age diversity produces less strategic change, while functional diversity is associated with greater levels of strategic change. The moderated regression results do not support our general logic that high firm performance enhances board demographic diversity–strategic change relationship. In effect, the results reveal that at high level of firm performance, board demographic diversity produces less strategic change. Originality/value – Despite few studies that have examined board demographic diversity and firm performance, this paper introduces strategic change as an outcome variable. This paper also explores the moderating role of firm performance in board demographic diversity–strategic change relationship, and finally, the study uses Kenyan dataset which in itself is unique because most governance and strategy research uses data from developed countries.

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