scholarly journals Global epidemiology and socio-economic development correlates of the reproductive ratio of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz P Breitling
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Global Epidemiology ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Mortality Ratio

Abstract Background The most commonly cited argument for imposing or lifting various restrictions in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an assumed impact on the reproductive ratio of the pathogen. It has furthermore been suggested that less-developed countries are particularly affected by this pandemic. Empirical evidence for this is lacking. Methods Based on a dataset covering 170 countries, patterns of empirical 7-d reproductive ratios during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic were analysed. Time trends and associations with socio-economic development indicators, such as gross domestic product per capita, physicians per population, extreme poverty prevalence and maternal mortality ratio, were analysed in mixed linear regression models using log-transformed reproductive ratios as the dependent variable. Results Reproductive ratios during the early phase of a pandemic exhibited high fluctuations and overall strong declines. Stable estimates were observed only several weeks into the pandemic, with a median reproductive ratio of 0.96 (interquartile range 0.72–1.34) 6 weeks into the analysis period. Unfavourable socio-economic indicators showed consistent associations with higher reproductive ratios, which were elevated by a factor of 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.15 to 1.46), for example, in the countries in the highest compared with the lowest tertile of extreme poverty prevalence. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has allowed for the first time description of the global patterns of reproductive ratios of a novel pathogen during pandemic spread. The present study reports the first quantitative empirical evidence that COVID-19 net transmissibility remains less controlled in socio-economically disadvantaged countries, even months into the pandemic. This needs to be addressed by the global scientific community as well as international politics.

scholarly journals Challenges and Sustainability of China’s Socio-Economic Stability in the Context of Its Demographic Development

Societies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Andrea Čajková ◽  
Peter Čajka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Demographic Challenges ◽  
Family Behavior ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Impact

Like many developed countries in the world, China currently faces many serious demographic challenges that pose a potential risk to the country’s socio-economic development and stability. The current demographic development and trend is characterized by a change in the reproductive behavior of the population, characterized by a decline in birth rates, a change in family behavior, and a shift in the value system. This paper is aimed at identifying the impact of population policy and the degree of its influence on both the economic and social system of the country. Based on a deterministic approach, the findings reveal and demonstrate the serious demographic challenges facing China, and we are noting that there is no guarantee that parametric adjustments, such as shifting the retirement age, will de facto ensure the financial health of the pension system by preventing bankruptcy. We point out the risks and prospects for the sustainability of China’s socio-economic development based on an analysis of past and current Chinese demographic policy.

Do Development and Democracy Positively Affect Gender Equality in Cabinets?

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN HÖGSTRÖM
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractIt has been argued that economic development and democracy create new opportunities and resources for women to access political power, which should increase gender equality in politics. However, empirical evidence from previous research that supports this argument is mixed. The contribution of this study is to expand the research on gender equality in politics through an in-depth examination of the effect of development and democracy on gender equality in cabinets. This has been completed through separate analyses that include most of the countries in the world across three levels of development (least-developed, developing, and developed) and across different types of political regimes (democracies, royal dictatorships, military dictatorships, and civilian dictatorships). The results demonstrate that economic development and democracy only affect gender equality in cabinets positively in a few environments. Accordingly, the context is important and there seem to be thresholds before development and democracy have any effect. Development has a positive effect in developed countries and in democracies, but it has a negative effect in dictatorships, and the negative effect is strongest in military dictatorships. The level of democracy has a positive effect mainly in dictatorships, and the strongest effect is in civilian dictatorships. The article demonstrates the importance of dividing samples into subsets to increase understanding of what affects women's representation in cabinets in different environments, and I ask scholars to subset samples and run separate analyses more often in comparative studies.

scholarly journals Level of Repression in Altai Regions between 1935 and 1937: An Attempt at Using Statistical and GIS Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-103
Author(s):  
Ekaterina M. Mishina ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
Spatial Factor ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Gis Methods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Individual Cluster

This article focuses on the analysis of the impact of socio-economic development indicators of Altai region and Oyrot autonomous region on the eve of the Great Purge (1935 — first half of 1937) on the regional intensity of repression. Employing statistical methods (regression analysis), the author verifies the hypothesis that in the areas with the highest level of well-being of the population, the level of repression was also higher. It is established that the turnover and expenditures per capita compared with other economic indicators had the greatest influence on repression levels in Altai and Oyrotia regions. Based on the results of the analysis of regional statistics, the author of the article puts forward a theory that the thesis proclaimed by the Bolsheviks to justify the failure of economic development by the actions of the “enemies” in practice seems untenable, since economically lagging regions were characterised by a relatively low level of repression. In the second part of the article, the author presents a typology of districts of Altai and Oyrotia regions based on the results of cluster analysis of various groups of socio-economic development indicators. Additionally, she substantiates the hypothesis about the influence of the spatial factor on the intensity of repression: the groups of regions of each individual cluster consist mainly of adjacent regions.

MODELING OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS: REGIONAL ASPECT

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-473
Author(s):  
Надежда Гуськова ◽  
Nadezhda Guskova ◽  
Сергей Вдовин ◽  
Sergey Vdovin ◽  
Ирина Иванова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Regional Systems ◽  
Regional Aspect ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Stability Of Development ◽  
Design Systems ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Instrumental Methods

Strategic management is aimed at socio-economic development of region at the effective use of his potential. Questions of development of strategy of increase of stability of regional development and forming of mechanism of its realization are actual. Transformation of the territorial systems, development and acceptance of the administrative decisions aimed at providing of their competitive edges and stability of development must be reasonable mathematical and instrumental methods. In this research the methodical approach to prognostication of basic indicators of steady development of the regional systems and ground of administrative decisions on the increase of stability of development of region are worked out, the integral indexes of stability of socio-economic development of subjects of Russian are built, complex estimation is conducted with the use of econometrics design (systems of simultaneous equalizations). Attained results of research allow using the worked out model for an estimation, comparative analysis and prognostication of the regional systems on the level of stability of their development.

scholarly journals Social Economic Development and the Human Resources Management

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
Nada Krypa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Economic Development Plan ◽  
Set Up

Abstract Bratton & Gold (2000) stated that socio economic development is playing crucial role in managing human resource progression in developed and developing countries. In the contemporary era developed countries such as USA, UK, Australia and many other European countries are using such progression strategies. National Socio-Economic Development Plan is one of the major strategies that involve welfare of unemployment, poverty, infrastructural development and transportation up gradation. Moreover, socio economic development also includes set up of hospitals and educational institutions (Bambangi, 2007). Such development statistics and process are outlined in various newspapers, magazines and periodical articles. These informative papers help the local human resource management in gaining proper insights on working and economic policies. In the current study importance and relation between socio-economic development and the human resources management will be outlined.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of higher education competitiveness on the level of socio-economic development of a country

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-383
Author(s):  
Yurii Chentukov ◽  
Volodymyr Omelchenko ◽  
Olha Zakharova ◽  
Tamara Nikolenko
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
System Development ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Impact

The study is devoted to the investigation of the educational determinants as components in shaping the level of socio-economic development of countries around the world, including assessment of the impact of national higher education system development indicators on the determinants of economic development, in particular macroeconomic, innovation, and technology determinants.Based on the grouping of 50 countries, a matrix of relationships between the Universitas 21 index and global competitiveness index was constructed. It is determined that despite the close correlation between the indices as a whole (0.96), there is a certain differentiation of influence in groups. The high impact of education on global competitiveness (0.76) was found in the group of countries with a medium level of competitiveness, moderate impact (0.54) – in the group of highly competitive countries, weak impact (0.38) – in the group of countries with a low level of competitiveness. Based on the correlation-regression analysis, the study proposes a structural-logical graph of the relationship between educational and economic indicators and quantifies it accordingly. The results show that the level of higher education competitiveness is closely correlated with such indicators as the level of global innovation development (0.8 over the period 2012-2020), the level of the knowledge intensity of GDP (0.73), and the level of socio-economic development (0.75). The results will allow changes in education indicators to be taken into account in the context of their impact on economic development and global development strategies.

scholarly journals Rola infrastruktury transportu jako jednego z czynników rozwoju regionalnego

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Jakub Majewski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Infrastructure Investments

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest prezentacja miejsca infrastruktury transportowej w programowaniu rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego oraz analiza charakteru i roli tego czynnika w wybranych teoriach rozwoju regionalnego. Pierwsza część pracy opisuje metodę badań oraz wykorzystywane źródła. Część druga zawiera syntetyczny przegląd literatury z zakresu ekonomiki transportu i wskazuje na elementy kluczowe z punktu widzenia rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego oraz, co za tym idzie, zainteresowania władz publicznych. W części trzeciej opisana jest dyskusja tocząca się wokół oczekiwanej roli inwestycji infrastrukturalnych oraz ich miejsca w wybranych koncepcjach rozwoju regionalnego. Koncentruje się ona wokół dylematu „wyprzedzającego”, bądź „wtórnego” modelu rozbudowy infrastruktury, a także roli tego zagadnienia na tle innych czynników rozwoju regionalnego. Całość zamyka podsumowanie, które zawiera wnioski na temat roli sfery transportu we wspieraniu rozwoju regionów oraz konkluzję, zgodnie z którą infrastruktura transportu stanowi element niezbędny do kreowania dostępności i równolegle wewnętrznego potencjału regionów. The role of transport infrastructure as one of the regional development indicators The aim of this paper is to present the place of transport infrastructure in socio-economic development programming and to analyse the nature and role of this factor in selected theories of regional development. The first part of the paper describes the research method and sources used. The second part contains a synthetic review of the literature on transport economics and indicates the key elements from the point of view of socio-economic development and, consequently, the interest of public authorities. The third part describes the discussion on the expected role of infrastructure investments and their place in selected concepts of regional development. It focuses on the dilemma of the “anticipatory” or “secondary” model of infrastructure development and the role of this issue against the background of other regional development factors. The book closes with a conclusion on the role of the transport sphere in supporting regional development and the conclusion that transport infrastructure is an indispensable element in creating accessibility and, in parallel, the internal potential of regions.

scholarly journals Sustainable socio-economic development and Rainbow Europe Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-421
Author(s):  
Yuriy Petrushenko ◽  
Fedir Zhuravka ◽  
Vladyslav Shapoval ◽  
Lyudmila Khomutenko ◽  
Olena Zhuravka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Learning System ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
The World ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Corruption Index ◽  
The Impact

The issues of recognizing the rights of the LGBTQ+ community around the world and developing appropriate anti-discrimination policies and laws are one of the main topics for discussion in the global agenda. This is due to the commitment of the world community to protect human rights and meet the needs of society. The paper aims to assess the relationship between socio-economic development indicators of some European countries and the Rainbow Europe Index. To find out how discrimination against the LGBTQ+ community affects various social and economic development indicators of some European countries, a data matrix was developed and the Spearman rank correlation coefficient was calculated. The obtained results confirmed a positive relationship between the Rainbow Europe Index and GDP per capita, the Human Development Index, the Corruption Index, and the Index of Happiness. Calculations have shown that the Rainbow Europe Index had a significant impact on these indicators. The study proved the dependence of indicators and demonstrated the need to provide freedoms and rights for LGBTQ+ affiliated members in Ukraine and other European countries. AcknowledgmentThis paper is published as a part of research projects “Convergence of economic and educational transformations in the digital society: modeling the impact on regional and national security” (No. 0121U109553) and “Reforming the lifelong learning system in Ukraine for the prevention of the labor emigration: a coopetition model of institutional partnership” (No. 0120U102001).

Maternal mortality and morbidity

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suni Halder ◽  
Steve Yentis
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Live Births ◽  
The World ◽  
Mortality Ratio

The risk to women’s health is increased during pregnancy, and maternal mortality is used as an indicator of general healthcare provision as well as a target for improving women’s health worldwide. Morbidity is more difficult to define than mortality but may also be used to monitor and improve women’s care during and after pregnancy. Despite international efforts to reduce maternal mortality, there remains a wide disparity between the rate of deaths in developed (maternal mortality ratio less than 10–20 per 100,000 live births) and developing (maternal mortality ratio as high as 1000 or more per 100,000 live births in some countries) areas of the world. Similarly, treatable conditions that cause considerable morbidity in developed countries but uncommonly result in maternal death (e.g. pre-eclampsia (pre-eclamptic toxaemia), haemorrhage, and sepsis) continue to be major causes of mortality in developing countries, where appropriate care is hampered by a lack of resources, skilled staff, education, and infrastructure. Surveillance systems that identify and analyse maternal deaths aim to monitor and improve maternal healthcare through education of staff and politicians; the longest-running and most comprehensive of these, the Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom, was halted temporarily after the 2006–2008 report but is now active again. Surveillance of maternal morbidity is more difficult but systems also exist for this. The lessons learnt from such programmes are thought to be important drivers for improved maternal outcomes across the world.

The Role of the Federal Budgetary Investments in Ensuring the Socio-Economic Development of Russia in 2019–2021

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
R. A. Alandarov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Investment Planning ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Investment Structure

The paper describes the specifics of planning federal budget allocations for budgetary investments in 2019–2021.The relevance of the paper is due to the fact that Presidential Decree No. 204 of May 07.2018 sets the goal for Russia to break into the top five world economies and ensure economic growth rates exceeding the world rates while maintaining the macroeconomic stability. The subject of the research is federal budget allocations for budgetary investments. The purpose of the research was to assess the volume, dynamics, structure and legal support of budgetary investments to ensure their compliance with the objectives of the socio-economic development of Russia. Based on a dynamic structural analysis of the federal budget investments as well as a comparative analysis of fixed investments in Russia and developed countries, it is concluded that there is a need to enhance the fixed asset investments by increasing budgetary investment amounts along with encouraging private investing by the population and businesses. Apart from increasing capital investments from the federal budget, it is also important to update the budgetary investment structure with a focus on the main socioeconomic development targets. The analysis of the legal regulation in the field of budgetary investments showed the necessity to refine the existing legal framework to improve the quality of the budgetary investment planning. Following the analysis of factors hindering the growth of private investing, proposals were made on to how to improve the investment climate in the Russian Federation.

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