CPEC and Food Security: Empirical Evidence From Pakistan

Among the various major issues, food insecurity is one with which Pakistan has to encounter with. According to a report by WFP (2017), about sixty percent of the population in Pakistan is food insecure, access to food is limited or uneven, and malnutrition is widespread. Having an emerging geopolitical prestige, it is expected that through CPEC, Pakistan can get a better foundation of infrastructural -and agricultural economic zones in collaboration with Chinese counterparts which may further support to perk up the food security. Accordingly, the study tries to examine the impact of various CPEC initiatives on food security of Pakistan. The data is randomly collected from stakeholders working in various government sector organizations of Pakistan. The results show that CPEC initiatives would tend to improve the food security status in Pakistan. The research may suggest that developing countries like Pakistan may use economic corridors such as CPEC as a strategic tool to improve the food security situation.

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The Impact of Remittances on Food Security Status in the Global South

REMITTANCES REVIEW ◽

10.33182/rr.v3i2.543 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 135-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Narges Ebadi ◽

Davod Ahmadi ◽

Ibrahim Sirkeci ◽

Hugo Melgar-Quiñonez

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Global South ◽

Face To Face ◽

Logistics Regression ◽

International Remittances ◽

Food Security Status ◽

The Impact ◽

Gallup World Poll

International remittances to developing countries attract increasing attention because of their rise in volume and their impact on the recipient countries. Receiving remittances from outside the country has become a household coping strategy that might reduce poverty, alleviate hunger, promote better diets and increase productive investments. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the link between receiving remittances and the food security status in the Global South countries. This is the first study that examines the association between food security and receiving remittances by using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) for individuals in the Global South. Data were obtained from the 2017 Gallup World Poll (GWP), which interviewed face-to-face 68,463 individuals in more than 60 countries. We have found a significant association between receiving remittances and food security. In the unadjusted logistics regression, irrespective of geography, severe food insecurity was significantly related to not receiving remittances (OR=1.532; P= 0.000). Although receiving remittances seems to positively affect the food security status of individuals in the GS, the association might not apply to all countries in the analyzed sample.

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The Impact of Land Conversion on Income and Food Security Status For Farmer Households in 5 Villages in Temon Sub-District, Kulon Progo District, 2017

JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik) ◽

10.22146/jkap.28199 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 180

Author(s):

Anisa Nurpita ◽

Latri Wihastuti ◽

Ike Yuli Andjani

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Household Income ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Primary Data ◽

Land Conversion ◽

Paired Samples ◽

Food Security Status ◽

Household Incomes ◽

The Impact

Preparation for the construction and development of NYIA airport in Temon sub district, Kulon Progo district, D.I. Yogyakarta province has caused displacement of people for their land, including farmers. Farmers affected are located in five villages that include Jankaran, Palihan, Sindutan, Glagah and Kebon Rejo. The objective of this resrarch is to analyze the impact of land conversion on farmer household incomes and food security status. The research used both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaire. Analysis of data was based on descriptive statistics and test of differences between paired samples. Results showed that land conversion has had a negative and significant influence on incomes of affected farmer households. The decline in household income of farmers in 5 villages in Temon sub district among other factors, is attributable to the reduction in farming land. Secondly, consequently, loss of farmer household income aggravated the vulnerability of the affected households to food insecurity. The number of farmer households that experienced food insecurity increased from 87 percent of all farmer households prior to land conversion to 90 percent after land conversion. Conclusions formed the basis for several policy recommendations to mitigate and if possible overcome the problem.

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Domestic and International Remittances and Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa

REMITTANCES REVIEW ◽

10.33182/rr.v5i1.842 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 37-54

Author(s):

Narges Ebadi ◽

Davod Ahmadi ◽

Hugo Melgar-Quiñonez

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

International Remittances ◽

Food Security Status ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

The Impact

The amount of remittances to developing counties, defined as the flow of monetary and non-monetary goods, has increased globally and has surpassed the amount of money spent on foreign aid in these developing countries. The impact of remittances on households’ purchasing power has been studied; however, its link to food security status is yet to be explored. This paper quantitatively analyses the relationship between food security status (measured using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale) and the receipt of domestic/ international or both remittances on households in sub- Saharan Africa. Data are derived from the Gallup World Poll from the years 2014-2017. Multinomial logistic regression models and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze the data. Results showed that remittance recipients had significantly higher household incomes (especially if the remittance was coming internationally and domestically), lived with significantly more household members (7 or more members), and were more likely to be separated (including divorced or widowed). Households that received domestic remittances had significantly higher odds of being food insecure than households receiving no remittances. Conversely, households receiving remittances internationally or a combination of domestic and international remittances had significantly lower odds of food insecurity compared to non-receivers. This study found that receiving remittances affect the food security status of people living in SSA countries.

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Food security and COVID-19 in Afghanistan: a two-sided battlefront

Tropical Medicine and Health ◽

10.1186/s41182-021-00370-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Attaullah Ahmadi ◽

Georges Gandour ◽

Hujjatullah Ghaffari ◽

Heba Sati ◽

Anthony Abou Mrad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

International Organizations ◽

Major Element ◽

Poverty Line ◽

Protracted Conflict ◽

Food Security Status ◽

To Come ◽

The Impact

AbstractFood security is a major element for the sustainability, stability and development of a country. However, despite fundamental efforts in fighting poverty, Afghanistan continues to struggle with food insecurity with a large proportion of its population living below the poverty line. With extreme climates, protracted conflict, and now COVID-19, food insecurity has become rampant and is on the rise in the country. Efforts have been reinforced to mitigate this issue, but a spate of obstacles which seems not to come to an end, has contributed to the deterioration of the situation. With the collaboration and efforts of international organizations, there remains a glimmer of hope to potentially reduce the gravity of the food insecurity in the country. This paper aims to highlight the efforts of Afghanistan in alleviating food insecurity with a focus on the impact of COVID-19 on this issue. It also presents recommendations that may help ameliorate the country’s food security status during and after the pandemic.

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Food security status in times of financial and political crisis in Brazil

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/0102-311x00084118 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Luna Rezende Machado de Sousa ◽

Ana Maria Segall-Corrêa ◽

Arlette Saint Ville ◽

Hugo Melgar-Quiñonez

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Socioeconomic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Household Food Security ◽

Political Crisis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Food Security Status ◽

Access To Food

This study sought to describe the changes in the food security status in Brazil before and during its most recent financial and political crisis, as well as to explore associations between food security and socioeconomic factors during the crisis. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from two different sources: the Brazilian National Household Sample Survey for 2004 (n = 112,479), 2009 (n = 120,910), and 2013 (n = 116,192); and the Gallup World Poll for 2015 (n = 1,004), 2016 (n = 1,002), and 2017 (n = 1,001). Household food security status was measured by a shorter version of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, consisting of the first 8 questions of the original 14-item scale. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the changes in food security and their association with socioeconomic factors. Results suggest that during the crisis the percentage of households classified as food secure declined by one third (76% in 2013 to 49% in 2017) while severe food insecurity tripled (4% in 2013 to 12% in 2017). Whereas before the crisis (2013) 44% of the poorest households were food secure, by 2017 this decreased to 26%. Household income per capita was strongly associated with food security, increasing by six times the chances of being food insecure among the poorest strata. Those who reported a low job climate, social support or level of education were twice as likely to be food insecure. Despite significant improvements between 2004 and 2013, findings indicate that during the crisis Brazil suffered from a great deterioration of food security, highlighting the need for emergency policies to protect and guarantee access to food for the most vulnerable.

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Public Agrarian Policies and Food Security in Cameroon: Problems and Challenges towards Agricultural Development

European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences ◽

10.24018/ejsocial.2021.1.4.77 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 22-28

Author(s):

A. Daka ◽

Y. Wang ◽

L. Hu

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Agricultural Policies ◽

Agricultural Community ◽

Local Manifestation ◽

The 1960S ◽

The One ◽

Access To Food ◽

The Impact

The hunger riots that Cameroon experienced in February 2008 were on the one hand a local manifestation of the world food crisis (2007-2008) and on the other hand, a result of ineffective agricultural policies implemented since the 1960s. The analysis of public food security policies in Cameroon from 1960 to 2008, highlights the inability of the latter to fight effectively against food insecurity and to bring Cameroonian agriculture out of the rut. These riots were likely to have a long-term effect on Cameroon's socio-economic trajectory. Because they were food for thought for the Cameroonian government, which ended up realizing that the constraints facing agricultural development felt an immediate need for solutions after the end of the riots. The post-riot strategies implemented by the Cameroonian government boil down to all the measures taken to stem the impact of the crisis and allow food security to all social strata. However, these economic redistribution strategies adopted by the Cameroonian government to allow the poorest to have access to food at an affordable price still fail to stem the situation. Literature relating to the riots of February 2008 in Cameroon abounds, but little is concerned with the analysis of the causes and post-riot government strategies, which is very crucial to understanding the origins of the problems facing the Cameroonian agricultural community today. This article examines the distant and immediate causes of the February 2008 hunger riots in Cameroon, including the post-riot strategies implemented by the Cameroonian government to combat food insecurity and the contribution of international partners.

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Characteristics associated with changes in food security status among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic

Translational Behavioral Medicine ◽

10.1093/tbm/ibaa110 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jessica Soldavini ◽

Hazael Andrew ◽

Maureen Berner

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Online Survey ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Food Security Status ◽

The Usa ◽

Security Module ◽

Adult Food

Abstract The prevalence of food insecurity in the USA has increased since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic; however, past studies have not examined how the food security status of college students has been impacted. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in the prevalence of food insecurity; determine the proportion of students experiencing a change in food security status; and identify characteristics associated with changes in food security status from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic among a sample of college students. We administered a cross-sectional online survey to students from a large public university in the Southeastern USA. The 10-item U.S. Adult Food Security Module was used to assess food security status during the spring 2020 semester both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and students self-reported a variety of individual characteristics. The overall prevalence of food insecurity increased by approximately one-third during the spring 2020 semester from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic. When examining the types of changes in food security status experienced by students, 12% improved, 68% stayed the same, and 20% worsened. A variety of characteristics were associated with an improvement or worsening of food security status category from before to during the pandemic. Similar to what is seen in other reports, we found that the overall proportion of college students in our sample experiencing food insecurity increased during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, some students showed improvements in food security status. Approaches for addressing food insecurity during and beyond the pandemic are needed.

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High food insecurity in Latinx families and associated COVID-19 infection in the Greater Bay Area, California

BMC Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s40795-021-00419-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Milagro Escobar ◽

Andrea DeCastro Mendez ◽

Maria Romero Encinas ◽

Sofia Villagomez ◽

Janet M. Wojcicki

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

San Francisco ◽

Employment Status ◽

The United States ◽

Household Food Security ◽

Bay Area ◽

Household Food ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Food insecurity impacts nearly one-in-four Latinx households in the United States and has been exacerbated by the novel coronavirus or COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We examined the impact of COVID-19 on household and child food security in three preexisting, longitudinal, Latinx urban cohorts in the San Francisco Bay Area (N = 375 households, 1875 individuals). Households were initially recruited during pregnancy and postpartum at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital (ZSFG) and UCSF Benioff prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. For this COVID-19 sub-study, participants responded to a 15-min telephonic interview. Participants answered 18 questions from the US Food Security Food Module (US HFSSM) and questions on types of food consumption, housing and employment status, and history of COVID-19 infection as per community or hospital-based testing. Food security and insecurity levels were compared with prior year metrics. Results We found low levels of household food security in Latinx families (by cohort: 29.2%; 34.2%; 60.0%) and child food security (56.9%, 54.1%, 78.0%) with differences between cohorts explained by self-reported levels of education and employment status. Food security levels were much lower than those reported previously in two cohorts where data had been recorded from prior years. Reported history of COVID-19 infection in households was 4.8% (95% Confidence Interval (CI); 1.5–14.3%); 7.2% (95%CI, 3.6–13.9%) and 3.5% (95%CI, 1.7–7.2%) by cohort and was associated with food insecurity in the two larger cohorts (p = 0.03; p = 0.01 respectively). Conclusions Latinx families in the Bay Area with children are experiencing a sharp rise in food insecurity levels during the COVID-19 epidemic. Food insecurity, similar to other indices of poverty, is associated with increased risk for COVID-19 infection. Comprehensive interventions are needed to address food insecurity in Latinx populations and further studies are needed to better assess independent associations between household food insecurity, poor nutritional health and risk of COVID-19 infection.

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Measuring household food security: the global experience

Revista de Nutrição ◽

10.1590/s1415-52732008000700004 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 21 (suppl) ◽

pp. 27s-37s ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Hugo Melgar-Quinonez ◽

Michelle Hackett

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

The United States ◽

Household Food Security ◽

United States Department ◽

Department Of Agriculture ◽

Governmental Agencies ◽

Household Food ◽

Food Security Status ◽

New Research

Measuring household food insecurity represents a challenge due to the complexity and wide array of factors associated with this phenomenon. For over one decade, researchers and agencies throughout the world have been using and assessing the validity of variations of the United States Department of Agriculture Household Food Security Supplemental Module. Thanks to numerous studies of diverse design, size, and purpose, the Household Food Security Supplemental Module has shown its suitability to directly evaluate the perceptions of individuals on their food security status. In addition, challenges and limitations are becoming clearer and new research questions are emerging as the process advances. The purpose of this article is to describe the development, validation procedures, and use of the Household Food Security Supplemental Module in very diverse settings. The most common Household Food Security Supplemental Module related studies have been conducted using criterion validity, Rasch modeling and Cronbach-Alpha Coefficient. It is critical that researchers, policy makers, governmental and non-governmental agencies intensify their efforts to further develop tools that provide valid and reliable measures of food security in diverse population groups. Additional work is needed to synthesize a universally applicable tool able to capture the global human phenomenon of food insecurity.

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