scholarly journals Accumulation and distribution of heavy metal cadmium in sweet sorghum

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Tra T. T. Dinh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
High Biomass ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Dough Stage

Many species of plants have been studied, as well as applied for cleansing the environment. Previous research has concluded that sorghum plants are highly tolerant to metal pollution and capable of reaching high biomass values in the presence of metals. However, the distribution of heavy metals in plant’s parts has not been adequately studied. In this study, two varieties of sweet sorghum (Keller and E-Tian) were grown with 5 levels (0, 5, 10, 25 and 50 ppm) of cadmium (Cd) in order to investigate the accumulation of Cd in plant parts at the hard dough stage. The results clearly showed the absence of Cd in the seeds of the above plants. There was the presence of Cd at the second and fifth leaf when the level of Cd reached 25 - 50 ppm. There was a great correlation coefficient between Cd and the position of the internodes, namely 0.86, 0.96, 0.99, 0.98 with KE, and 0.86, 0.92, 0.94, 0.94 with ET at 5, 10, 25 and 50 ppm Cd (P < 0.01), respectively. The greater the internodes, the lower the accumulation of Cd. The aforementioned plants recorded the high accumulation of Cd in their roots, peaking at 23.27 μg/g (dried weight, dw) in Keller and 21.69 μg/g in E-Tian. Based on these results, it is concluded that the distribution of Cd in the studied sweet sorghum can be arranged in the following order: > stem > old leaves > young leaves

scholarly journals Evaluating the growth capacity and heavy metal absorption of sweet sorghum and grain sorghum at the seedling stage

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Tra T. T. Dinh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Stem Leaf

In recent years, the use of plants for clean-up and recovery (phytoremediation) has been studied and used in many countries of the world. In this study, E-Tian sweet sorghum (ET) and BT x 623 (BT) sorghum were treated with heavy metal cadmium at 5 concentrations (0, 5, 10, 25, 50 mg/kg). The growth of plant; absorption, accumulation of cadmium (Cd) heavy metals in plant parts at the seedling stage have been identified and assessed. The results showed that Cd affected the height and number of leaves of the plant. Especially, Cd accumulation in the plant decreased in sequence: root, stem, leaf. When comparing the heavy metals accumulation in the two cultivars, the results showed that the BT cultivar had higher Cd uptake and accumulation potential than ET. Therefore, BT can be used for phytoremediation of heavy metals in soil but not for providing food and feed.

scholarly journals HEAVY METAL POLLUTION OF AGRICULTURAL SOILS AND VEGETABLES OF BHAKTAPUR DISTRICT, NEPAL

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadhana Pradhanang Kayastha
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Geo Accumulation

The aim of this study was carried out to assess heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd,) in soils as well as vegetables of respective place of the Bhakatpur District (Manohara, Nagadesh, Bode, Hanumanghat, Sipadol, Tathali and Gundu). The leafy vegetables under this study were Spinach, Cauliflower, Carrot, Cabbage and Broad leaf mustard. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in the plants and soils from the Bhakatpur was proportional in the order Zn> Cu>Pb> Cd. Spinach showed the extremely high accumulation tendency towards the heavy metals compare to other vegetables. The geo-accumulation class (Igeo) indicates that the agricultural soil of Hanumanghat, Manohara, Nagadesh and Bode are moderately contaminated of Cd.Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 48-55  

Distribution and Contamination Status of Heavy Metals in the Surface Sediments along Western Coast of Bali Strait, Banyuwangi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Defri Yona ◽  
Syarifah Hikmah Julinda Sari ◽  
Anedathama Kretarta ◽  
Citra Ravena Putri Effendy ◽  
Misba Nur Aini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Geo Accumulation Index ◽  
Geo Accumulation

This study attempted to analyze the distribution and contamination status of heavy metals (Cu, Fe and Zn) along western coast of Bali Strait in Banyuwangi, East Java. Bali Strait is one of the many straits in Indonesia with high fisheries activities that could potentially contributed to high heavy metal pollution. There were five sampling areas from the north to south: Pantai Watu Dodol, Pantai Kalipuro, Ketapang Port, Pantai Boom and Muncar as the fish landing area. Heavy metal pollution in these locations comes from many different activities such as tourism, fish capture and fish industry and also domestic activities. Contamination factor (CF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF) of each heavy metal were calculated to obtain contamination status of the research area. The concentrations of Fe were observed the highest (1.5-129.9 mg/kg) followed by Zn (13.2-23.5 mg/kg) and Cu (2.2-7.8 mg/kg). The distribution of Cu, Fe and Zn showed variability among the sampling locations in which high concentrations of Cu and Zn were higher in Ketapang Port, whereas high concentration of Fe was high in almost all sampling locations. According to the pollution index, contamination factors of Cu, Fe and Zn were low (CF < 1 and Igeo < 1). However, high index of EF (> 50) showed high influence of the anthropogenic activities to the contribution of the metals to the environment. This could also because of the high background value used in the calculation of the index due to the difficulties in finding background value from the sampling areas.Keywords: heavy metals, pollution index, contamination factor, geo-accumulation index, Bali Strait

scholarly journals Evaluating ecological risks and tracking potential factors influencing heavy metals in sediments in an urban river

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongping Liu ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Huibin Yu ◽  
Hongjie Gao ◽  
Weining Xu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Urban River ◽  
Ecological Risks ◽  
Background Values ◽  
Potential Factors

Abstract Background Heavy metal pollution of aquatic systems is a global issue that has received considerable attention. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and potential ecological risk index (PERI) have been applied to heavy metal data to trace potential factors, identify regional differences, and evaluate ecological risks. Sediment cores of 200 cm in depth were taken using a drilling platform at 10 sampling sites along the Xihe River, an urban river located in western Shenyang City, China. Then they were divided into 10 layers (20 cm each layer). The concentrations of the As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn were measured for each layer. Eight heavy metals, namely Pb, Zn, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Hg, were measured for each layer in this study. Results The average concentrations of the As, Cd, Cu, Hg, and Zn were significantly higher than their background values in soils in the region, and mainly gathered at 0–120 cm in depth in the upstream, 0–60 cm in the midstream, and 0–20 cm downstream. This indicated that these heavy metals were derived from the upstream areas where a large quantity of effluents from the wastewater treatment plants enter the river. Ni, Pb, and Cr were close or slightly higher than their background values. The decreasing order of the average concentration of Cd was upstream > midstream > downstream, so were Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn. The highest concentration of As was midstream, followed by upstream and then downstream, which was different to Cd. The potential factors of heavy metal pollution were Cd, Cu, Hg, Zn, and As, especially Cd and Hg with the high ecological risks. The ecological risk levels of all heavy metals were much higher in the upstream than the midstream and downstream. Conclusions Industrial discharge was the dominant source for eight heavy metals in the surveyed area, and rural domestic sewage has a stronger influence on the Hg pollution than industrial pollutants. These findings indicate that effective management strategies for sewage discharge should be developed to protect the environmental quality of urban rivers.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution Levels in Sediments and of Ecological Risk by Quality Indices, Applying a Case Study: The Lower Danube River, Romania

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1801
Author(s):  
Valentina Andreea Calmuc ◽  
Madalina Calmuc ◽  
Maxim Arseni ◽  
Catalina Maria Topa ◽  
Mihaela Timofti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Pollution Indices

It is a well–known fact that heavy metal pollution in sediments causes serious problems not only in the Danube basin, but also in the large and small adjacent river streams. A suitable method for assessing the level of heavy metals and their toxicity in sediments is the calculation of pollution indices. The present research aims to assess heavy metal pollution in the Lower Danube surface sediments collected along the Danube course (between 180 and 60 km) up to the point where the Danube River flows into the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve (a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization – UNESCO, protected area). In addition, this monitored area is one of the largest European hydrographic basins. Five heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu) were analyzed in two different seasons, i.e., the autumn of 2018 and the spring of 2019, using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP– MS) technique. Our assessment of heavy metal pollution revealed two correlated aspects: 1. a determination of the potential risks of heavy metals in sediments by calculating the Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI), and 2. an evaluation of the influence of anthropogenic activities on the level of heavy metal contamination in the surface sediments, using three specific pollution indices, namely, the Geo–Accumulation Index (Igeo), the Contamination Factor (CF), and the Pollution Load Index (PLI). The results of this pioneering research activity in the region highlighted the presence of moderate metal (Ni and Cd) pollution and a low potential ecological risk for the aquatic environment.

Assessing Soil and Plant Pollution by Abandoned Rural Waste Dumping Sites in Ningbo, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 138-139 ◽  
pp. 1149-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Dong Guan ◽  
Ye Hong Du ◽  
Zhen Dong Li ◽  
An Cheng Luo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Contamination Assessment ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Plant Pollution

This paper reports the concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in the soils and rices surrounding the abandoned rural waste dumping sites in Ningbo. Igeo (geoaccumulation index) was calculated to assess the contamination degree of heavy metals in soils. The mean contents of Cr, Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb of soils were 33.3, 24.1, 1.5, 118.9 and 45.6 mg/(kg DW) (dry weight), respectively. All of them were much higher than that of the reference value (i.e. CK), but there were no coherent trend of the metal contents within 1-120m distance from the dumping site. Igeo of heavy metals reveals the order of Cd>Cu>Cr>Pb>Zn, and the contamination assessment of soils using Igeo indicate the moderate Cd pollution, while the soils were unpolluted-moderately overall by Cr, Cu, Zn as well as Pb. The heavy metal contents in root, stem & leaf and rice grains were all remarkable higher than that of the CK at 20-120 m distances, and the heavy metal contents in root were evidently much higher than other plant parts, while those in rice grain were lowest, indicating the great bioaccumulation trend of heavy metals. Although the metal contents in the rice grain were within the legislation limit, its bioaccumulation trend of heavy metals was remarkable, whose contents were 4.38-fold for Cr, 1.76-fold for Cu, 1.28-fold for Zn, 2.67-fold for Cd and 3.03-fold for Pb higher than that of reference value, respectively. Finally, we proposed a decentralized in-situ restoration approach for the dumping sites.

Opportunities for Biotesting of the Water Environment for Heavy Metal Pollution Using a Plant Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
S.I. Alekseeva ◽  
Zh.M. Okhlopkova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Biological Testing ◽  
Spirodela Polyrhiza ◽  
Model Object ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B

The methods of biotesting of the aquatic environment based on the representative of the duckweed family (lat. Lemnaceae) greater duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid) were considered. A review is presented on the use of greater duckweed as a model object in biological testing, in partic-ular, when exposed to heavy metals salts. When cultivated Spirodela polyrhiza with the addition of heavy metals salts, a change in the growth and development of plants in the experienced line of plants was revealed, as well as a decrease in the content of chlorophyll a and b.

Lightweight aggregates to reduce heavy metal pollution in green infrastructure for urban stormwater management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concepcion Pla ◽  
Javier Valdes-Abellan ◽  
Miguel Angel Pardo ◽  
Maria Jose Moya-Llamas ◽  
David Benavente
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Lightweight Aggregates ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Runoff Water

&lt;p&gt;The impervious nature of urban areas is mostly responsible for urban flooding, runoff water pollution and the interception of groundwater recharge. Green infrastructure and sustainable urban drainage systems combine natural and artificial measures to mitigate the abovementioned problems, improving stormwater management and simultaneously increasing the environmental values of urban areas. The actual rate of urban growth in many urban areas requires the enhancement and optimization of stormwater management infrastructures to integrate the territorial development with the natural processes. Regarding the quality of runoff stormwater, heavy metals are critical for their impact on human health and ecological systems, even more if we consider the cumulative effect that they produce on biota. Thus, innovative stormwater management approaches must consider new solutions to deal with heavy metal pollution problems caused by runoff. In this study, we propose the employment of Arlita&lt;sup&gt;&amp;#174;&lt;/sup&gt; and Filtralite&lt;sup&gt;&amp;#174;&lt;/sup&gt;, two kind of lightweight aggregates obtained from expanded clays, to remove heavy metal concentration from runoff stormwater. Laboratory experiments were developed to evaluate the removal rate of different heavy metals existent in runoff stormwater. The lightweight aggregates acted as filter materials in column experiments to quantify their removal capacity. In addition, batch tests were also developed to evaluate the exhaustive capacity of the materials. Results from the study confirmed the efficiency of the selected lightweight aggregates to reduce the heavy metals concentration by up to 90% in urban stormwater runoff.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Heavy-metal pollution alters dissolved organic matter released by bloom-forming Microcystis aeruginosa

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (30) ◽  
pp. 18421-18427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiming Wu ◽  
Li Lin ◽  
Guangzhu Shen ◽  
Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes

The risk of heavy metals to aquatic ecosystems was paid much attention in recent years, however, the knowledge on effects of heavy metals on dissolved organic matter (DOM) released byMicrocystiswas quite poor, especially in eutrophic lakes.

scholarly journals Use of Two Aquatic Snail Species as Bioindicators of Heavy Metals in Tigris River-Baghdad

2020 ◽  
pp. 1589-1592
Author(s):  
Harith Saeed Al-Warid ◽  
Hayder Z Ali ◽  
Ghassan Nissan ◽  
Abbas Haider ◽  
Ahmed Yosef
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Bellamya Bengalensis

     Thirty individuals of Bellamya bengalensis and Physella acuta were collected and identified from the Tigris River in Baghdad during the period between October to November 2017. The efficiency of bioaccumulation of the two species as bioindicators for aquatic heavy metal pollution with Cd, Ni, Pb and Cu was investigated. Both snail species had the ability to accumulate heavy metals. The mean of Ni concentration in soft tissues of both snails was 1.53 ppm while the mean concentration of other heavy metals was significantly lower; they reached 0.51 ppm, 0.36 ppm and 0.29 ppm, respectively. While no significant differences between B. bengalensis and  P.acuta were noticed in the ability to accumulate the heavy metals. It is concluded that both snails shared the features of good bioindicators due to their sensitivity to pollution.:

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