Tachinobia sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) as parasitoid of Peckia Sarcodexia) lambens (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 023-027
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Insect Host ◽  
Gelatin Capsules ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Flotation Method ◽  
Single Insect

Insect parasitoids have an immature life stage that develops on or within a single insect host, ultimately killing the host, hence the value of parasitoids as natural enemies. This work reports the first occurrence of parasitoid Tachinobia sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) as parasitoid Peckia (Sarcodexia) lambens (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). The pupae were obtained by the flotation method. They were individually placed in gelatin capsules until the emergence of flies or their parasitoids. In November 2013, six pupae were obtained from P. (S) lambens, of which two pupae twelve specimens emerged Tachinobia sp. The percentage of parasitism was 33.3%. Most insect parasitoids only attack a particular life stage of one or several related species. The immature parasitoid develops on or within a pest, feeding on body fluids and organs, eventually leaving the host to pupate or emerging as an adult.

scholarly journals Archisepsis scabra (Loew 1861) (Diptera: Sepsidae), new host for the parasitoid Triplasta coxalis (Ashmead, 1865) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae) in Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 1311-1312
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique Marchiori ◽  
Marcos Evangelista Ferreira ◽  
Luiz Fernando Barbaresco
Keyword(s):  
Cattle Dung ◽  
New Host ◽  
Gelatin Capsules ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Flotation Method

The aim of this study is to report the first occurrence of the parasitoid Triplasta coxalis (Ashmead, 1865) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae) in pupae of Archisepsis scabra (Loew, 1861) (Diptera: Sepsidae) in cattle dung in Brazil. The experiment was carried out in Monte Alegre, MG. One obtained the pupae through the flotation method. They were individually placed in gelatin capsules until the emergence of the adult dipterous or their parasitoids. Fourty seven pupae of A. scabra were obtained, two of which yielded the parasitoid T. coxalis. The percentage of parasitism was 4.3%.

scholarly journals First Report of TachinobiaRepandaBoucek, 1977 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Marchiori, C. H
Keyword(s):  
Gelatin Capsules ◽  
First Report ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Flotation Method

This work reports the first occurrence of parasitoid Tachinobia repanda Boucek, 1977 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Brazil. The pupae were obtained by the flotation method. They were individually placed in gelatin capsules until the emergence of flies or their parasitoids. In the study, eleven pupae of Oxysarcodexia sp. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) was obtained from a single pupa 10 parasitoids of the species T. repanda emerged. The percentage of parasitism was 9.1%.

Biotic mortality factors affecting emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) are highly dependent on life stage and host tree crown condition

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 598-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Jennings ◽  
J.J. Duan ◽  
P.M. Shrewsbury
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Crown Condition ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Tree Resistance

AbstractEmerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, is a serious invasive forest pest in North America responsible for killing tens to hundreds of millions of ash trees since it was accidentally introduced in the 1990s. Although host-plant resistance and natural enemies are known to be important sources of mortality for EAB in Asia, less is known about the importance of different sources of mortality at recently colonized sites in the invaded range of EAB, and how these relate to host tree crown condition. To further our understanding of EAB population dynamics, we used a large-scale field experiment and life-table analyses to quantify the fates of EAB larvae and the relative importance of different biotic mortality factors at 12 recently colonized sites in Maryland. We found that the fates of larvae were highly dependent on EAB life stage and host tree crown condition. In relatively healthy trees (i.e., with a low EAB infestation) and for early instars, host tree resistance was the most important mortality factor. Conversely, in more unhealthy trees (i.e., with a moderate to high EAB infestation) and for later instars, parasitism and predation were the major sources of mortality. Life-table analyses also indicated how the lack of sufficient levels of host tree resistance and natural enemies contribute to rapid population growth of EAB at recently colonized sites. Our findings provide further evidence of the mechanisms by which EAB has been able to successfully establish and spread in North America.

scholarly journals Diversity and Distribution of the Dinoflagellates Brachidinium, Asterodinium and Microceratium (Brachidiniales, Dinophyceae) in the open Mediterranean Sea

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
The South ◽  
Levantine Basin ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Local Species ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
First Time

Diversity and Distribution of the DinoflagellatesBrachidinium, AsterodiniumandMicroceratium(Brachidiniales, Dinophyceae) in the open Mediterranean SeaBrachidiniacean dinoflagellates have been investigated in the open waters of the Mediterranean Sea, along a transect from the south of France to the south of Cyprus (20 June-18 July 2008).BrachidiniumandKarenia papilionaceaoften co-occurred,B. capitatumpredominating in the surface waters. The highest abundance ofBrachidiniumwere found in the upper 25min the western Mediterranean with amaximum (24 cells L-1) at a depth of 5 m in the Balearic Sea.Asterodinium(up to 4 cells L-1) was recorded below of deep chlorophyll maxima. The genusMicroceratium, only known from the tropical Indo-Pacific region, is reported for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea.Microceratiumwas found below 100min the eastern Mediterranean Sea, with the highest abundance of 8 cells L-1at 125 m depth, in the Levantine Basin. This study also illustrates for the first time specimens under the division ofBrachidiniumandMicroceratium. This first occurrence ofMicroceratiumin the Mediterranean Sea should be considered an indicator of climate warming. However, it should not be considered a non-indigenous taxon.Microceratiumis the ‘tropical morphotype’, the adaptation of a local species (a life stage ofKarenia - Brachidinium - Asterodinium) to the tropical environmental conditions that prevail in summer in the open Mediterranean Sea.

Compatibility of Insecticides with Natural Enemies to Control Pests of Greenhouses and Conservatories

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond A. Cloyd
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Host Acceptance ◽  
Insect Growth Regulators ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
Sensitivity Rate ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Life Stage Sensitivity ◽  
Microbial Agents

Natural enemies used as biological control agents may not always provide adequate control of plant-feeding insects in greenhouses and conservatories. Research continues to assess the utilization of natural enemies in conjunction with biorational insecticides including insect growth regulators, insecticidal soaps, horticultural oils, feeding inhibitors, and microbial agents (entomogenous bacteria and fungi, and related microorganisms); and the potential compatibility of both strategies when implemented together. A variety of factors influence the ability of using natural enemies with insecticides. These include whether the natural enemy is a parasitoid or predator, the species of the natural enemy, life stage sensitivity, rate and timing of insecticide application, and mode of action of the insecticide. Insecticides may impact natural enemies by affecting longevity (survival), host acceptance, sex ratio, reproduction (fecundity), foraging behavior, emergence, and development. Despite the emphasis on evaluating the compatibility of natural enemies with insecticides, it is important to assess if this is a viable and acceptable pest management strategy in greenhouses and conservatories.

An account of cassava mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) with a description of a new species

1981 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Cox ◽  
D. J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Species ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Phenacoccus Manihoti ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Cassava Mealybug ◽  
A New Species

AbstractThe literature on the history and biology of the cassava mealybug in Africa Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero is reviewed, and reports on the search for natural enemies of this species in the Neotropics for biological control purposes are summarised. Further records of the distribution of P manihoti in Africa are presented. A new closely-related species of Phenacoccus, P. herreni sp. n., which causes distortion to cassava in the Neotropical Region is described, and a key is provided to separate it from P. manihoti and from a similar species from the Neotropical Region, P. surinamensis Green, which apparently does not occur on cassava. P. surinamensis is redescribed and illustrated.

scholarly journals Venom-Induced Immunosuppression: An Overview of Hemocyte-Mediated Responses

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aylin Er ◽  
Olga Sak ◽  
Ekrem Ergin ◽  
Fevzi Uçkan ◽  
David B. Rivers
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Insect Host ◽  
Parasitic Wasps ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Female Wasp ◽  
Host Immune Responses

Parasitic wasps are important natural enemies of several insect pests. They use a variety of methods to modulate their insect host for their progeny to develop. For example, the female wasp needs to avoid or suppress the host immune responses by introducing venom with or without virus like particles and/or polydnaviruses. The aim of this paper is to provide a synthesis of current knowledge regarding the immunosuppression of host immunity with venom in parasitoids that are devoid of symbiotic viruses. Special emphasis is given through disabling host hemocytes by venom of the endoparasitoidPimpla turionellae(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) with comparisons of venoms from other parasitoid species.

A new species of Anagyrus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from India attacking Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), a pest of mango and citrus in West Africa

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Noyes
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Rastrococcus Invadens ◽  
The Subject ◽  
A New Species

AbstractAnagyrus mangicolasp. n., an encyrtid parasitoid of Rastrococcus species on mango in India, is described and compared with related species. The parasitoid has been the subject of laboratory studies and may be introduced into West Africa to supplement the activities of previously introduced natural enemies of the mango mealybug (R. invadens Williams).

scholarly journals Parasitoids Collected from Animal Feces in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Gelatin Capsules ◽  
Frequent Species ◽  
Chicken Feces ◽  
Flotation Method ◽  
Animal Feces ◽  
Bovine Feces

The purpose of the paper is to report the species of dipteran parasitoids in poultry feces on farms, buffalo, and cattle in the field in Brazil. The experiments were carried out from April 2006 to December 2007. The pupae were obtained by the flotation method. They were individually placed in gelatin capsules until the emergency of the adult flies or their parasitoids. The specie more frequent was S endius with 7.2%. Were obtained from bovine feces 628 pupae of dipterous in buffalo feces, 3,437 pupae were collected and from chicken feces 2,799 pupae, from which 78, 172 and 504 parasitoids emerged, respectively. The most frequent species in bovine, of buffalo and chicken feces were: Gnathopleura quadridentata Wharton (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with 25.6%, Spalangia drosophilae Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) with 21.5% and Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani, 1875) with 46.8%, respectively.

scholarly journals Occurrence of legume caterpillar moth in soybeans in northern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
Anderson Gonçalves da Silva ◽  
José Fernando Jurca Grigolli ◽  
Bruno Henrique Sardinha de Souza ◽  
Paulo Roberto Silva Farias ◽  
Rafael Coelho Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Population Surveys ◽  
Periodic Monitoring ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Insect Biology ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract: This study reports the first occurrence of legume caterpillar moth Selenisa sueroides (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) attacking soybeans in northern Brazil, being the second record in this crop in the country. This report resulted from periodic monitoring of soybean pests and natural enemies using the beat cloth in the region of Paragominas, state of Pará, during the 2015-2017 seasons. The presence of S. sueroides larvae was recorded in all crop seasons, and in the latter higher infestations were observed and required chemical control in some areas. Population surveys of S. sueroides in soybeans will be continued in the following seasons for monitoring its occurrence and expansion in the region. Basic research on the insect biology and host preference is highly encouraged since this information is still lacking for the Brazilian conditions.Ocorrência de lagarta das leguminosas em soja no norte do BrasilResumo: Este estudo reporta a primeira ocorrência da lagarta-pinça Selenisa sueroides (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) atacando plantas de soja no norte do Brasil, sendo seu segundo registro de ocorrência na cultura no país. O relato de sua ocorrência é proveniente de monitoramentos periódicos de pragas e inimigos naturais de soja por meio de batida de pano na região de Paragominas, estado do Pará, durante as safras 2015-2017. A presença de lagartas de S. sueroides foi registrada em todas as safras, sendo que na última safra altas infestações foram observadas, necessitando controle químico em algumas áreas. Levantamentos populacionais de S. sueroides em soja serão continuados nas safras seguintes para monitorar sua ocorrência e expansão na região. Pesquisa básica sobre a biologia e preferência hospedeira do inseto é altamente recomendada, uma vez que essas informações ainda estão faltando para as condições brasileiras.

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