scholarly journals Agency of the Witches and Language Play in Shakespeare’s Macbeth

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhurjjati Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Language Play ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
James I ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
The World ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
Significant Point

This study undertakes an analysis of Shakespeare’s Macbeth (1606) and its principal characters vis-à-vis their immediate appeal and identification with the Shakespearean audience during the first-ever performance of the play in the early years of the seventeenth century. The role of the witches (or the weird sisters) in orchestrating the destinies of the characters and also the events of the play by employing their astute and skillful use of language is a significant point of discussion in this study. In this regard, a discussion on the historical aspects of kingship and witchcraft in relation to the then king of England, James I, and on the possible impact of those factors upon the staging of the Shakespearean play Macbeth in the royal court is also carried out here. The study argues that the binaries of good and evil or light and darkness are relative categories that often feed into each other. Equivocation, as a device of language play, is analyzed here both as part of the witches’ machinations within the play and as a subterfuge for political gains by humans in the world outside it. These two worlds seem to merge into each other within the narrative of the play and thus appear before the reader/audience with all their inherent complexities and imperfections. Towards the end of this study, a brief historical overview of the refashioning of Shakespeare through adaptations and reworkings in foreign locations, particularly in India, is also provided to emphasize the allegorical and multivalent nature of his plays.

THE ROLE OF CHILDREN'S ARTISTIC LITERATUR IN THE ASSIMILATION OF PHILOSOPHICAL CATEGORIES BY PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Ponomareva L.I. ◽  
Gan N.Yu. ◽  
Obukhova K.A.
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Culture And Health ◽  
Nature And Society ◽  
Good And Evil

In the presented study, the authors raise the question of the need to include in the educational process of a preschool institution to familiarize children with some philosophical categories. The educational system in which the child is included, starting from preschool childhood, provides him with the opportunity to gradually and continuously enter the knowledge of the world around him. It is in preschool childhood that the child is exposed to various relationships, values of culture and health, diverse patterns in the field of different knowledge. This contributes to a broader interaction of the preschooler with the world around him, which, in turn, ensures the assimilation not of disparate ideas about objects and phenomena, but their natural integration and interpenetration, which means understanding the integrity of the picture of the world. The authors prove the idea that the assimilation of philosophical categories by children contributes to the understanding of the structure of the surrounding world. The analysis of research is presented, proving that children's fiction in an understandable and accessible language, life examples and vivid images is able to explain to children the laws of the functioning of nature and society, as well as to reveal the world of human relations and feelings. Fiction surrounds the child from the first years of his life. It is she who contributes to the development of thinking and imagination, enriches the sensory world, provides role models and teaches you to find a way out in different situations. Philosophical categories such as "love and friendship", "beautiful and ugly", "good and evil" are represented in children's literature very widely, and the efficiency of mastering philosophical categories depends on the skill of an adult in conveying the content of a work, on correctly placed accents.

The Role of Unplugged Coding Activity in Developing Computational Thinking in Ages 6-11

2020 ◽  
pp. 184-199
Author(s):  
Gaia Lombardi
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Computational Thinking ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Primary School Teacher ◽  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
Italian Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Tools

Coding is a spreading teaching methodology that is involving more students and teachers all over the world. But how can the practice of coding affect the development of computational thinking strategies in early years? The author, a primary school teacher, will investigate the Italian experience, believing that it may constitute an excellent field of study on the matter thanks to the enormous enthusiasm with which coding was received by the teachers, capable of renewing their teaching practices, particularly in primary school. This is a movement born from below, from the spontaneous participation of teachers, and which, in many cases, has been substantiated in what can be defined as unplugged activities, without the use of electronic technological tools.

scholarly journals Daniel’s Practice: The Daily Round of Godly Women in Seventeenth-Century England

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 173-183
Author(s):  
Anne Laurence
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Good Death ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
The World

Godly women from noble, gentry, mercantile, and clerical families were much commemorated at their deaths in funeral sermons. Apart from preaching on a suitable text, ministers commonly gave an account of the life of the deceased, describing, amongst other things, how she passed her time. Godly lives from sermons for men outlined the course of their careers, stressing their public activities, the manner in which they took religion out into the world and engaged with worldly matters; those for women followed a formula describing the deceased’s childhood, virtuous education, marriage, performance as wife, mother, mistress of servants, hospitality (especially if the woman was the wife of a minister), and charitable work, and enumerated her merits in these roles. Instead of recounting the events of their whole lives, ministers dwelt upon the women’s daily routine of pious practices, with variations for the Sabbath or days on which they took communion. The convention of de mortuis nil nisi bonum was strictly observed, but the edificatory nature of the life was also an important element in the telling of it. Sometimes sermon titles acknowledged this, otherwise they referred to the good death of the deceased or, if they were published to improve the career prospects of the preacher, they referred to the text upon which he had preached.Women were praised for following Daniel’s practice, the practice for which he was thrown into the lions’ den. This was to kneel upon his knees, three times a day, and pray and give thanks before his God. In the early years of the seventeenth century, Mrs Mary Gunter, companion to Lettice, Countess of Leicester, ‘resolved upon Daniels Practice’. ‘Besides Family duties, which were performed twice every day, by the Chaplain …. And besides the private Prayers which she daily read in her Ladies Bed-Chamber, she was thrice on her Knees every day before God in secret.’ Lady Elizabeth Langham’s ‘constant retirements’ for her devotions in the 1660s ‘were answerable to Daniels thrice a day’.

‘The Loudest Lies’: Knowledge of Japan in Seventeenth-Century England

Itinerario ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-71
Author(s):  
Derek Massarella
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
James I ◽  
The World ◽  
Thomas Wilson ◽  
True Relation ◽  
Remote Part

The comment in the title of this article was made by James I after having been shown a ‘long scrole of fyne paper’, probably a Japanese almanac, and an account of the estates and revenues of the daimyo ‘most of them equally or exceeding the revenues of the greatest princes of Christendom’, and a letter, all of which had been sent by Richard Cocks, head of the English East India Company's factory at Hirado during its entire existence from 1613 to 1623. Cocks's letter and the two enclosures had been sent to his patron, the then Keeper of the Records, Sir Thomas Wilson, who had shown the letter to James with a covering note stating that he had received it ‘from the most remote part of the world’. The letter describes, in considerable and acutely observed detail, the new capital of the Tokugawa shogunate, Edo, the shogun's magnificent retinue as he led a falcon-hunting party (hunting was a pastime he had in common with the British monarch), the greatdaibutsuof Kamakura, the sights of Kyoto, includingSanjusangendo, and recent political developments relating to the banishment of the Jesuits and friars. Wilson, rather obsequiously, felt that the letters, written in January 1617, ‘were a good recreation for Your Majesty (if you had any idle hours)’ and declared that ‘neither our cosmographers nor other writers have given us true relation of the greatness of the princes of those parts’. But James could ‘not be induced to believe’ what was written, and dismissed the letter as ‘the loudest lies that ever [he] heard of.

scholarly journals Violence in post-apartheid South Africa and the role of church and theology

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.F.C. Coetzee
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Church Leaders ◽  
Revolutionary Violence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Church

South Africa is known as one of the most violent countries in the world. Since the seventeenth century, violence has been part of our history. Violence also played a significant role during the years of apartheid and the revolutionary struggle against apartheid. It was widely expected that violence would decrease in a post-apartheid democratic South Africa, but on the contrary, violence has increased in most cases. Even the TRC did not succeed in its goal to achieve reconciliation. In this paper it is argued that theology and the church have a great and significant role to play. Churches and church leaders who supported revolutionary violence against the apartheid system on Biblical “grounds”, should confess their unbiblical hermeneutical approach and reject the option of violence. The church also has a calling in the education of young people, the pastoral care of criminals and victims, in proclaiming the true Gospel to the government and in creating an ethos of human rights.

Epidemology: The role of the World Health Organization in the study of influenza

1980 ◽  
Vol 288 (1029) ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Early Years ◽  
World Health ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
The World ◽  
Pandemic Strains ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (W.H.O.), since its inception in 1947, has given close attention to influenza. In its early years W.H.O. laid the foundations of its present network of over 100 national influenza centres and collaborating laboratories which today constitute the backbone of its influenza activities. The activities of the network include the isolation and characterization of influenza strains and the early notification of any changes in surface antigens, the preparation of reference reagents, standardization of diagnostic procedures, formulation of requirements for vaccines, training, and collaboration in research. The efficacy of the network has been proved in the 1957, 1968 and 1977 epidemics. Collaborative research organized by W.H.O. has made important contributions to our understanding of the epidemiology of influenza, including the possible role of lower animals as the origin of some pandemic strains. The latter subject is briefly discussed.

“A Few More or Less Make No Difference”

2018 ◽  
pp. 193-241
Author(s):  
Molly A. Warsh
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Scottish Highlands ◽  
Pliny The Elder ◽  
Private Correspondence ◽  
The World ◽  
Pearl Fishing ◽  
Heuristic Device ◽  
The City

This chapter considers how pearls’ subjective beauty, their complex and mysterious origins, and their powerful association with mastery of the seas allowed them to remain a powerful heuristic device for the expression of ideas about mutability, worth, and the nature of different places and peoples around the world. As empires moved to objectify profit and regulate the role of subjects in new ways, pearls continued to serve as a useful index (elenco in Spanish, a word Pliny the Elder employed to denote an elongated pearl but that, by the early seventeenth century, had come to stand for the very impulse to order and compartmentalize that the jewel provoked) of peoples’ highly independent and contingent calculations of worth. Through a consideration of crown-sponsored pearl-fishing interventions in the Scottish Highlands and along Swedish rivers close to the city of Gothenburg, this chapter traces how pearls continued to facilitate the expression of distinct approaches to resource husbandry at scales personal and imperial. The chapter further explores the late-seventeenth-century market for pearls in London and the jewel’s unstable political and economic value as expressed in private correspondence as well as in portraits of women and enslaved bodies whose value was considered impermanent and for purchase..

Malebranche, Nicolas (1638–1715)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Nadler
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Nicolas Malebranche ◽  
Nature And Grace ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
Mental Events ◽  
The Universe

Nicolas Malebranche, a French Catholic theologian, was the most important Cartesian philosopher of the second half of the seventeenth century. His philosophical system was a grand synthesis of the thought of his two intellectual mentors: Augustine and Descartes. His most important work, De la recherche de la vérité (The Search After Truth), is a wide-ranging opus that covers various topics in metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, physics, the physiology of cognition, and philosophical theology. It was both admired and criticized by many of the most celebrated thinkers of the period (including Leibniz, Arnauld and Locke), and was the focus of several fierce and time-consuming public debates. Malebranche’s philosophical reputation rests mainly on three doctrines. Occasionalism – of which he is the most systematic and famous exponent – is a theory of causation according to which God is the only genuine causal agent in the universe; all physical and mental events in nature are merely ‘occasions’ for God to exercise his necessarily efficacious power. In the doctrine known as ‘vision in God’, Malebranche argues that the representational ideas that function in human knowledge and perception are, in fact, the ideas in God’s understanding, the eternal archetypes or essences of things. And in his theodicy, Malebranche justifies God’s ways and explains the existence of evil and sin in the world by appealing to the simplicity and universality of the laws of nature and grace that God has established and is compelled to follow. In all three doctrines, Malebranche’s overwhelming concern is to demonstrate the essential and active role of God in every aspect – material, cognitive and moral – of the universe.

scholarly journals Language: The “Ultimate Artifact” to Build, Develop, and Update Worldviews

Topoi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Magnani ◽  
Alger Sans Pinillos ◽  
Selene Arfini
Keyword(s):  
Language Play ◽  
The World

AbstractWhat role does language play in the process of building worldviews? To address this question, in the first section of this paper we will clarify what we mean by worldviews and how they differ, in our perspective, from cosmovisions. In a nutshell, we define worldviews as the biological interpretations agents create of the world around them and cosmovision the more general cultural-based reflections on it (which, of course, include also agents’ worldviews). After presenting our definition for worldview, we will also present the multi-shaped viewpoint that frames our analysis, adopting three concepts that can help us explain how agents construct and develop their worldviews: saliences, pregnances, and abduction. While the notions of saliences and pregnances will explain how agents recognize anomalies in their worldview, the concept of abduction will help us discuss how they can learn to approach, explain, and use these anomalies to get new skills and abilities. This other point will lead us to discuss the role of language in this process, which will be describe as an artifact that permits the agent to use abduction to “normalize” and exploit anomalies, being now the ultimate artifact (for human agents) to build, develop, and update their worldviews.

scholarly journals THE SPECTRUM OF ESTHETIC CATEGORIES IN WORKS OF STANISLAV ORIHOVSKY (1513–1566)

10.23856/4610 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Ruslana Mnozhynska
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Personal Integrity ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
Polish Culture ◽  
European Renaissance ◽  
Good And Evil

For a long time, Ukrainian and Western European scientists have included all the Latin works to the Catholic values and brought exclusively to Polish literature, and therefore denied the penetration of humanism and Renaissance within the boundaries of the Orthodox Eastern Slavonic world, forgetting that Ukrainian scientists, to which Stanislav Orikhovsky belongs, not indirectly through Polish teachings acquired leading pan-european ideas, but themselves were part of the european renaissance intelligency. In the culture of Ukraine ХІІІІ-XVII centuries there are no interpretations on esthetic issues. However, there are grounds to consider certain reflections on the problems of art and art work in connection with questions of faith and its symbols, values of knowledge and role of sensual experience in the cognitive activity, values of indifferent attitude of a person to the world and to faith and earthly destination of a person. Now, brought into the scientific circulation little known, and even quite unknown, mainly Latin sources strongly testify that the epoch of revival, with its esthetic ideals, has not passed Ukraine as a component of Europe. Stanislav Orikhovsky (1513–1566) is one of the most prominent personalities in the Ukrainian and Polish culture of Renaissance: Philosophy, historian, publicist, polemist, esthette, speaker. The article focuses on the fact that one of the first, in the national renaissance cultural opinion, who considered the question of esthetics was Stanislav Orikhovsky. In works on esthetics, he devoted a lot of his place to problems of good and evil, as a humanist put the importance of man in dependence on her personal qualities, personal integrity, talent and ability to realize them. Interest in esthetics was revealed clearly, complete it, quite concrete content. In his works he considered and outlined ways of solving various problems, in particular, ethical and esthetic. The spectrum of esthetic categories of the Orikhovsky is mainly represented by the following: Heroic, beauty, beautiful – creative; raised – low; harmony is chaos. AND parts: Comic – tragic; irony, mezzis.

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