Extended Implicit Bias: When the Metaphysics and Ethics of Implicit Bias Collide

It has recently been argued that to tackle social injustice, implicit biases and unjust social structures should be targeted equally because they sustain and ontologically overlap with each other. Here I develop this thought further by relating it to the hypothesis of extended cognition. I argue that if we accept common conditions for extended cognition then people’s implicit biases are often partly realized by and so extended into unjust social structures. This supports the view that we should counteract psychological and social contributors to injustice equally. But it also has a significant downside. If unjust social structures are part of people’s minds then dismantling these structures becomes more difficult than it currently is, as this will then require us to overcome widely accepted ethical and legal barriers protecting people’s bodily and personal integrity. Thus, while there are good grounds to believe that people’s biases and unjust social structures ontologically overlap, there are also strong ethical reasons to reject this view. Metaphysical and ethical intuitions about implicit bias hence collide in an important way.

Article 19: The Right to Protection from All Forms of Violence

Article 19 defines violence broadly to include all forms of harm, encompassing physical, mental and sexual violence as well as non-intentional forms of harm, such as neglect. As such, Article 19 articulates full respect for the human dignity and physical and personal integrity of children as rights-bearing individuals. This requires a paradigm shift of caregiving and protection away from the perception of children primarily as victims. Article 19 sets out a comprehensive prohibition on all forms of violence towards children and enjoins State Parties to take all form all measures available to enforce this right. This article summarizes the four main attributes of Article 19 as follows: (1) All violence towards children is prohibited, frequency or severity of harm need not be demonstrated and violence is defined broadly to encompass all forms of violence towards children, personal, social and institutional, including physical and emotional harm as well as neglect, maltreatment, sexual abuse, and abandonment; (2) the right protects children from harm from their parents and legal guardians as well as when they are in the care of proxy caregivers, including school officials, hospital staff, daycares, sports programs, as well as custodial settings and alternative care arrangements; (3) States are required to give effect to this right through all appropriate measures: legislative, administrative, social and educational; and finally the call for comprehensive measures to eradicate violence against children is reinforced by the final attribute (4) this attribute insists that the range of interventions required to give effect to Article 19 rights includes measures to ensure effective identification, reporting, investigation, and treatment of all forms of harm to children.

PEMBERDAYAAN CIVITAS AKADEMIKA PERGURUAN TINGGI UNTUK MEMBERIKAN SANTUNAN KE PANTI ASUHAN DI JAKARTA

Today, many things human can do to help others, especially those who are closed to us in our routine life. Giving some help is simple, from just giving a small amount of money to giving two day one night experience in a lifetime. Every cherishes from those thousands of people who live in a small room, reflect our life now, and we hope it is over by the time we normalize our life again. We feel the same thing when the pandemic hit Jakarta last year. We hope it will never come back again in the future or at least our future. The aim of this article is to deliver the same message to our board in our educational institution to focus not only in the intelligent development but also on creating the passion for helping other human get their best moment of their live. For the method, we are using indirect promotion to classes by using a small set of messages. Yet, we believe this is aligned with our personal integrity and professionalism in our daily activities as lecturer and higher education student. As a result, we hope that at the right time, we might see their cherish smile after they have their happy moment.Saat ini manusia dapat menolong satu dengan yang lain terutama mereka yang dekat dalam kehidupan sehari – hari. Membeli pertolongan kepada orang lain adalah sesuatu yang sederhana, bisa dimulai dari memberikan sejumlah kecil uang sampai dengan memberikan pengalaman istimewa seumur hidup yang terjadi dalam dua hari dan satu malam. Setelah hampir dua tahun kita merasakan hidup dalam dunia yang relatif hanya sebesar kamar seperti halnya saudara kita yang tinggal di panti, sebentar lagi kita akan merasakan kebahagiaan kembali saat semua kembali normal. Kita berharap hal yang terjadi di masa lalu ini, tidak terjadi lagi di masa mendatang, atau paling tidak tidak terjadi pada kita dan orang disekitar kita. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk mencoba menyampaikan pesan yang sama dalam institusi pendidikan untuk tidak hanya berfokus pada pengembangan intelektual tetapi juga menciptakan hasrat untuk menolong sesama manusia untuk memberikan momen terbaik dalam hidup mereka. Untuk metode yang digunakan, kami ingin mencoba promosi tidak langsung untuk kelas – kelas menggunakan sejumlah pesan – pesan inti. Kami percaya, hal ini sejalan dengan integritas dan profesionalitas kami dalam menjalankan aktivitas sehari – hari baik sebagai tenaga pendidik ataupun peserta didik. Sebagai kesimpulan, kami berharap pada waktu yang tepat kami dapat kembali melihat senyum dari banyak orang setelah mereka kembali mendapatkan momen terbaik dalam hidup mereka.

Absence of Consent

Consent has come to be the guardian and gatekeeper of significant elements of our personal integrity. Yet there remains uncertainty as to exactly what consent means. This paper argues that consent marks the divide between the active and the passive. We tend to assume that in our engagements with others, active and passive, there are only two possibilities, consent and non-consent, when in fact there are three. When an agent engages with a patient consent is vital, because the alternative is non-consent. When two people interact, however, consent has nothing to contribute. The law, for excellent reasons, ignores this nuance, so as to treat every absence of consent as non-consent. It does so in order to arm potential victims with a weapon for their protection. To grasp the full significance of that weapon, and to secure proper scrutiny of interaction in other settings, we need to be alive to the reality that the law dispenses with.

THE SPECTRUM OF ESTHETIC CATEGORIES IN WORKS OF STANISLAV ORIHOVSKY (1513–1566)

For a long time, Ukrainian and Western European scientists have included all the Latin works to the Catholic values and brought exclusively to Polish literature, and therefore denied the penetration of humanism and Renaissance within the boundaries of the Orthodox Eastern Slavonic world, forgetting that Ukrainian scientists, to which Stanislav Orikhovsky belongs, not indirectly through Polish teachings acquired leading pan-european ideas, but themselves were part of the european renaissance intelligency. In the culture of Ukraine ХІІІІ-XVII centuries there are no interpretations on esthetic issues. However, there are grounds to consider certain reflections on the problems of art and art work in connection with questions of faith and its symbols, values of knowledge and role of sensual experience in the cognitive activity, values of indifferent attitude of a person to the world and to faith and earthly destination of a person. Now, brought into the scientific circulation little known, and even quite unknown, mainly Latin sources strongly testify that the epoch of revival, with its esthetic ideals, has not passed Ukraine as a component of Europe. Stanislav Orikhovsky (1513–1566) is one of the most prominent personalities in the Ukrainian and Polish culture of Renaissance: Philosophy, historian, publicist, polemist, esthette, speaker. The article focuses on the fact that one of the first, in the national renaissance cultural opinion, who considered the question of esthetics was Stanislav Orikhovsky. In works on esthetics, he devoted a lot of his place to problems of good and evil, as a humanist put the importance of man in dependence on her personal qualities, personal integrity, talent and ability to realize them. Interest in esthetics was revealed clearly, complete it, quite concrete content. In his works he considered and outlined ways of solving various problems, in particular, ethical and esthetic. The spectrum of esthetic categories of the Orikhovsky is mainly represented by the following: Heroic, beauty, beautiful – creative; raised – low; harmony is chaos. AND parts: Comic – tragic; irony, mezzis.

Bakhtin and Cohen: The First Stages in Building the Philosophical System

Abstact. Although it is generally known that M.M. Bakhtin viewed himself as primarily a philosopher and not a philologist, the overwhelming majority of studies of his work belong to literary criticism. The purpose of this article, relying on the oral testimony of Bakhtin himself and his philosophical texts written in the Nevel-Vitebsk period (1919-1924), is to restore the origin of his philosophical sources and the content of his philosophical ideas of this period. The main idea is the concept of moral philosophy as a philosophical system, whose main subject is participative thinking and an answerable act as an event of being. One of the most important sources of these ideas was probably the philosophy of Neo-Kantianism represented by the teachings of H. Cohen. The article provides four examples of Bakhtin's continuity in relation to the Marburg philosopher - the idea of an answerable act concerning another person as the source of a human's self-consciousness and personal integrity, the idea of a correlative relationship between a person and his neighbor as an expression of a caring participatory being, the idea of distinguishing a moral attitude from an ethical-legal one and the idea of the philosophical system, whose subject is the process of interpersonal relations. In this case, the system consists not only in the integrity of the object but also in its openness. Revealing the continuity of Bakhtin's philosophical ideas regarding Cohen leads to a better understanding of these ideas and Bakhtin's originality of their development. It is also fruitful to compare the perception of Cohen's ideas by Bakhtin and their reception by another philosopher of dialogue, F. Rosenzweig.

Protección a personas víctimas de violencia familiar en época de pandemia

On March 20, 2020, the Mexican health authorities decreed mandatory confinement, as one of the measures to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The strategy slowed down the contagion a bit, but it exposed the reality of family violence that has been present in our country for many years, alarmingly aggravated by economic pressure; the permanence of family members in confined spaces, for a long time; and the improvisation of areas for minors and adolescents to join remote education. Such circumstances caused chaos among family members, and the consequent repeated violation of the human rights of women, minors and the elderly. The situation generated by the pandemic has led to a review of the national, and international legal obligations contracted by the Mexican authorities, to guarantee the full exercise of the human rights of those who make up the families and avoid fatal consequences for their personal integrity. Various national and international institutions and organizations have documented the increase in family violence during the pandemic, and their results show the need to create public policies aimed at stopping this dizzying race, which threatens the dignity of people, and makes it urgent to grant protection adequate to the victims of this violence, which will only be achieved with a change in the cultural and educational paradigms of those who make up the different societies.

Criminal-Legal Characteristics of Encroachment on the Health, Personal Integrity, Honor and Dignity of a Representative of the Authorities

The authors of the article consider the criminal- legal characteristics of crimes against representatives of the authorities, in particular, encroachment with the purpose of causing harm to the health, personal integrity, honor and dignity of a representative of the authorities. The definition of the term “representative of the authorities”is given. The main characteristics of a representative of the government are analyzed. Statistical data on the number of convictions and types of punishments in accordance with the provisions of articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (Articles 318, 319) are summarized. Examples of judicial practice are considered. The ways of improving the criminal legislation are proposed.

Professionalism and personal integrity: a humble example in a humble fisherman

The paper addresses professionalism and personal integrity, what lies between them, how they connect each other, and what real example could be drawn into both issues. It discusses professionalism and personal integrity as proposed by Suseno (1991). It also highlights professionalism from Buddhist perspective. Finally, it analyzes professionalism and personal integrity in the character of Santiago, Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea (1952) as proposed by Khan (2014). The paper concludes that professionalism is not only about mastering certain skills and having certain knowledge, but it should be built based on personal integrity.