臺中市及臺南市都會區碳排放量與土地發展相關指標關係之研究

建築學報 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 117 (117) ◽  
pp. 097-116
Author(s):  
張洲滄 張洲滄 ◽  
吳佩儒 Chou-Tsang Chang ◽  
林子平 Pei-Ru Wu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Small Scale

<p>當今全球暖化，城市面臨氣候變遷及二氧化碳排放量遽增，進而產生更明顯的都市熱島效應，所以現在更需加強城市整體耗能之未來減緩及調適策略訂定。本研究對臺中市及臺南市兩個城市都會區，進行碳收支項目的剖析與研究，並完整呈現出影響臺灣本土都會區總耗能量之特性。臺中市都會區採以單一案例街廓為基本單元，首重詳解建築碳排放量及交通碳排放量等項目，臺南市都會區以都市網格解析。本研究除量化都會區整體碳收支，更兼具涵蓋都市小尺度及大尺度範圍，並建立本土城市各項二氧化碳排放量多項式簡算法。兩個都會區中，針對各行政區的人口密度及整體耗能的關聯分析顯示，當一個行政區的人口密度愈高時，單位土地面積的碳排放量愈少，此趨勢特徵與都市基礎設施及其分擔之服務單位人口數有關。另本研究剖析都市各項影響因子及整合城市宜居環境評估指標後，首先提出建築運輸指標及地價財經指標，含括建築、交通、地價及收入等發展相關指標，得到臺中市都會區總碳排放量與建築運輸指標及地價財經指標，皆為正相關性，並與臺南市都會區因郊區使用分區的使用特性相比，產生兩者都會區明顯差異性。本研究同時建構出完整的關鍵城市耗能評估指標及策略模式，續以應用及推廣於辦理都市計畫定期通盤檢討。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Due to global warming, cities face climate change and increasing carbon dioxide emissions, making the urban heat island effect more pronounced. It is therefore necessary to strengthen mitigation and adjustment strategies for the city’s overall energy consumption in the future. This research analyzes and compares two metropolitan areas’ carbon budget projects in Taichung and Tainan, and comprehensively presents the characteristics that affect Taiwan’s metropolitan areas’ total energy consumption. The Taichung metropolitan area uses a single-case block profile as the basic unit and focuses on detailed building carbon emissions and transportation carbon emissions. In terms of the Tainan metropolitan area, the analysis is based on the urban grid. In addition to quantifying the metropolitan area’s overall carbon budget, this study also covers both small-scale and large-scale urban areas and establishes a simplified model for various carbon dioxide emissions in local cities. The overall energy consumption of the two metropolitan areas shows that an area with higher population density will induce less carbon emissions, which may due to the relationship between urban infrastructure and its quantity of service populations. Based on our analysis using the city’s livable environment’s assessment indicators, the evaluation results of building-transport indicators and real estate pricing indicators we developed an index which includes building, transport, land price, and income factors. The overall carbon emissions of the Taichung metropolitan area are positively correlated with building-transport indicators and real estate pricing indicators. Compared with the Tainan metropolitan area’s usage characteristics, due to suburban use, there are apparent differences between the two metropolitan areas. This research helped develop a complete urban energy consumption indicator and future strategy model, which can be promoted through regulations for the periodical review of urban planning. </p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals The Paradoxical Relationship between Renewable Energy and Economic Growth: A Cross-National Panel Study, 1990-2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 540-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan P Thombs
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Cross National

This cross-national study employs a time-series cross-sectional Prais-Winsten regression model with panel-corrected standard errors to examine the relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth, and its impact on total carbon dioxide emissions and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP. Findings indicate that renewable energy consumption has its largest negative effect on total carbon emissions and carbon emissions per unit of GDP in low-income countries. Contrary to conventional wisdom, renewable energy has little influence on total carbon dioxide emissions or carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP at high levels of GDP per capita. The findings of this study indicate the presence of a “renewable energy paradox,” where economic growth becomes increasingly coupled with carbon emissions at high levels of renewable energy, and the negative effect of economic growth on carbon emissions per unit of GDP lessens as renewable energy increases. These findings suggest that public policy should be directed at deploying renewable energy in developing countries, while focusing on non-or-de-growth strategies accompanied with renewable energy in developed nations.

scholarly journals Dynamic relationship between urban carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Dynamic Relationship

<p>Urban economic development cannot be separated from energy consumption, and energy consumption directly leads to a large number of carbon emissions. It is of great significance to study the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth for the implementation of energy conservation, emission reduction and the development of low-carbon economy in cities. A new method of dynamic relationship between urban carbon dioxide emission and economic growth is put forward. The carbon dioxide emission data in cities are calculated by using urban carbon dioxide emission measurement method. The data of economic attributes are obtained by using classification algorithm under uncertain data flow environment. Based on this data, a decoupling model of carbon emission and economic growth is constructed to measure economic growth elasticity of urban carbon emissions; Granger causality test model is established to analyze the Granger causality between urban carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth. The experimental results show that the growth rate of urban economy is obviously faster than that of carbon emissions. Economic growth is the Granger causality of carbon dioxide emissions. On the contrary, the implementation of carbon emission reduction measures will not hinder economic growth.</p>

scholarly journals The impact of socio-economic institutional change on agricultural carbon dioxide emission reduction in China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251816
Author(s):  
Deng Jie Long ◽  
Li Tang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
The Impact

With the change of social economic system and the rapid growth of agricultural economy in China, the amount of agricultural energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions has increased dramatically. Based on the estimation of agricultural carbon dioxide emissions from 1991 to 2018 in China, this paper uses EKC model to analyze economic growth and agricultural carbon dioxide emissions. The Kaya method is used to decompose the factors affecting agricultural carbon dioxide emissions. The experimental results show that there is a co-integration relationship between economic growth and the total intensity of agricultural carbon emissions, and between economic growth and the intensity of carbon emissions caused by five types of carbon sources: fertilizer, pesticide, agricultural film, agricultural diesel oil and tillage. Economic growth is the main driving factor of agricultural carbon dioxide emissions. In addition, technological progress has a strong role in promoting carbon emission reduction, but it has a certain randomness. However, the impact of energy consumption structure and population size on carbon emissions is not obvious.

scholarly journals An Examination of Green Credit Promoting Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction: A Provincial Panel Analysis of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7148
Author(s):  
Wenjie Zhang ◽  
Mingyong Hong ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Fuhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Green Finance ◽  
Carbon Emissions Reduction ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Emissions Intensity ◽  
The Impact

The implementation of green finance is a powerful measure to promote global carbon emissions reduction that has been highly valued by academic circles in recent years. However, the role of green credit in carbon emissions reduction in China is still lacking testing. Using a set of panel data including 30 provinces and cities, this study focused on the impact of green credit on carbon dioxide emissions in China from 2006 to 2016. The empirical results indicated that green credit has a significantly negative effect on carbon dioxide emissions intensity. Furthermore, after the mechanism examination, we found that the promotion impacts of green credit on industrial structure upgrading and technological innovation are two effective channels to help reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Heterogeneity analysis found that there are regional differences in the effect of green credit. In the western and northeastern regions, the effect of green credit is invalid. Quantile regression results implied that the greater the carbon emissions intensity, the better the effect of green credit. Finally, a further discussion revealed there exists a nonlinear correlation between green credit and carbon dioxide emissions intensity. These findings suggest that the core measures to promote carbon emission reduction in China are to continue to expand the scale of green credit, increase the technology R&D investment of enterprises, and to vigorously develop the tertiary industry.

Impact of urbanization on per capita energy use and emissions in India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuti Haldar ◽  
Gautam Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Per Capita

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of urbanization on per capita energy consumption and emissions in India. Design/methodology/approach The present study analyses the effects of urbanization on energy consumption patterns by using the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology in India. Time series data from the period of 1960 to 2015 has been considered for the analysis. Variables including Population, GDP per capita, Energy intensity, share of industry in GDP, share of Services in GDP, total energy use and urbanization from World Bank data sources have been used for investigating the relationship between urbanization, affluence and energy use. Findings Energy demand is positively related to affluence (economic growth). Further the results of the analysis also suggest that, as urbanization, GDP and population are bound to increase in the future, consequently resulting in increased carbon dioxide emissions caused by increased energy demand and consumption. Thus, reducing the energy intensity is key to energy security and lower carbon dioxide emissions for India. Research limitations/implications The study will have important policy implications for India’s energy sector transition toward non- conventional, clean energy sources in the wake of growing share of its population residing in urban spaces. Originality/value There are limited number of studies considering the impacts of population density on per capita energy use. So this study also contributes methodologically by establishing per capita energy use as a function of population density and technology (i.e. growth rates of industrial and service sector).

scholarly journals Energy Consumption of Rail Baltica Project: Regional Aspects of Environmental Impact

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-160
Author(s):  
Olga Piterina ◽  
Alexander Masharsky
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
High Speed ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Load Rate ◽  
Emissions Intensity

Abstract Research purpose. The high-speed railway (HSR) construction project in the Baltic States is the largest joint infrastructure project since the restoration of independence of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. Rail Baltica (RB) is considered as the most energy-efficient project having the lowest environmental impact. However, the issue of energy consumption of the project was not sufficiently addressed either in the investment justification of the RB construction or in the relevant research works regarding the project. The aim of the current research is to determine the indicators of energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions intensity of the Latvian section of RB, since they are the key factors of the quantitative assessment of sustainability. Design/Methodology/Approach. Critical analysis of the academic research works and reports of the official international organizations dedicated to the topic of energy consumption and CO2 emissions of HSR was conducted prior to the calculation of the above-mentioned indicators. The method of calculation based on International Union of Railways (UIC) was used in order to conduct the cluster analysis within the framework of current work. The main points considered are electricity consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, and level of passenger and freight demand. Statistical databases of UIC and International Energy Agency were used. Findings. The calculations carried out by the authors of the given article demonstrate substantial figures of CO2 emissions intensity for Latvian section of the project related to the train load rate and traffic intensity which is evened out only by the CO2 emissions factor in Latvia. Originality/Value/Practical implications. On this basis the authors present the directions for future research required for the development of the effective strategy for the Latvian Republic with the aim of achieving the increase in the RB project’s ecological efficiency.

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