17世紀荷治福爾摩沙的熱蘭遮堡：其建築營造歷程及與歐洲早期現代堡壘設計思維之關聯

<p>1624年荷蘭東印度公司於南台灣的大員（現今台南安平）設立貿易據點，並在當地沙丘上構築熱蘭遮堡。經過多年擴建，該堡壘發展成一座大型軍事要塞，具有上層主堡、下層主堡、沙土基座、外堡等四個部位，堡內則有各類建物，包括長官公署、士兵營舍、公司人員住所、奴隸住所、倉庫、彈藥庫、監獄、教堂等等。在台灣荷治時期（1624-1662），熱蘭遮堡不僅扮演軍事防禦之角色，亦具有行政治理與貨物儲存之作用。熱蘭遮堡無疑是17世紀荷蘭東印度公司在東亞地區規模最大的軍事建築，也是荷治福爾摩沙最具重要意義的多功能建物。基於上述重要性，本論文將以兩個主要部分，分別探討兩個與熱蘭遮堡建築有關的重要主題。 第一個部分探討熱蘭遮堡的建築營造歷程。本文根據歷史文獻與歷史圖像的梳理與比對，提出熱蘭遮堡營造歷程的五個重要階段，並檢視各階段的歷史背景，包括公司在福爾摩沙的經營與發展、巴達維亞總督與台灣長官對於防禦工事的態度、以及福爾摩沙或大員所面臨的各類敵人與天災之威脅。在各階段的歷史背景下，將探討熱蘭遮堡的工程項目、參與人員、材料來源、以及構造與形式之特徵。根據討論成果，本文亦製作「荷治時期熱蘭遮堡各階段工程綜覽圖」，以呈現五個階段的營造重點、關鍵工程所涉年代、以及歷任長官與堡壘營造的關係。 第二個部分探討熱蘭遮堡建築與早期現代歐洲堡壘設計思維之關聯。本文將檢視義大利文藝復興對於歐洲早期現代防禦工事設計的發展，以及荷蘭於八十年戰爭（1568-1648）期間出現的「舊荷蘭系統」防禦工事設計。接著根據荷蘭本土及荷蘭東印度公司亞洲據點的堡壘案例，釐清舊荷蘭系統的幾個重要原則。最後再與歷史圖像所呈熱蘭遮堡建築特徵進行比較，以分析其與歐洲/荷蘭早期現代堡壘設計思維之關聯。根據分析成果，本文確認熱蘭遮堡相當程度反映了歐洲及荷蘭早期現代的堡壘設計思維，特別是堡壘的稜堡形式。然而，本文也發現某些熱蘭遮堡特徵無法以歐洲/荷蘭早期現代的堡壘設計思維進行解釋，而可能源自其他理由或動機，這些仍值得未來後續研究進一步探討。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>In 1624, Dutch East India Company (VOC) set up a trading post in Taiowan in southern Taiwan (now Anping, Tainan) and there built Fort Zeelandia on a hill. After years of expansion, this fort was developed into a large-scale fortress which comprises four parts &ndash; the upper main fort, the lower main fort, the earth foundation and the outer fort. Inside Fort Zeelandia, there were a variety of buildings including a governor&rsquo;s house, houses of company staffs, barracks of soldiers, houses of slaves, warehouses, arsenals, prisons, a church, etc. In the Dutch rule period of Taiwan (1624-1662), Fort Zeelandia did not only play a role in military defense but also had the functions of administrative governance and cargo storage. Undoubtedly, Fort Zeelandia was the largiest military building complex of the Dutch VOC in the 17th-century East Asia and the most prominent and significant multi-purpose building in Dutch Formosa. On account of the significance as mentioned above, this paper consists of two main parts, and each part aims to explore one important theme related to the architecture of Fort Zeelandia. The first part discusses the construction process of Fort Zeelandia. By means of the analysis and comparison of a variety of historical texts and images, this paper in the first place divides the construction process of this fort into five main stages and then reviews the historical background of each stage, such as the management and development of the Dutch VOC in Formosa, the respective attitudes of Governor-Generals in Batavia and Governors in Formosa toward the defense of Taiowan, and the various enemies and natural disasters that threatened Formosa or Taiowan. Under the historical background of each stage, an in-depth discussion of the construction works, the personnel involved in the construction works, the sources of building materials, and the constructional and formal characteristics of Fort Zeelandia will be conducted. On basis of the above discussion, this paper presents a chart as the overview of the construction process of Fort Zeelandia, which shows the important projects in the five main stages, the years when the significant projects were carried out, and the relationship between the governors&rsquo; terms and the construction process of this fort. The second part analyzes the relationship between the architecture of Fort Zeelandia and the early modern ideas of European fortification design. This paper first reviews how Italian Renaissance influenced the progress of the European fortification design in the early modern period and then introduces the fortification design of the so-called &lsquo;Old-Netherlands System&rsquo; developed during the Eighty Years&rsquo;s War (1568-1648). Moreover, according to several examples of fortification design in the Netherlands and the Asian posts of the Dutch VOC, the obvious principles of the Old-Netherlands System will be clarified. Finally, by means of the comparison between these principles and the formal craracteristics of Fort Zeelandia shown in the historical images, this paper will further analyze the relationship between the early modern ideas of European/Dutch fortification design and the architecture of Fort Zeelandia. On the basis of the above analysis, this paper confirms that the architecture of Fort Zeelandia to a great degree reflects the early modern ideas of European and Dutch forfification design. However, this paper also points out some formal characteristics of Fort Zeelandia which can hardly be explained by the modern ideas of European or Dutch forfification design. These formal characteristics are probably the results of other reasons or motives which are worth further discussion in the follow-up research.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

殖民的規訓營造──廈門租界的個案（1840s~1940s）

<p>本文旨在重新檢視19世紀中葉後，廈門租界在通商口岸的建構下，如何以殖民工程科學論述的移植，進行租界的空間營造。文中將指出這樣的殖民行動目的在於確保殖民者在殖民地的衛生與安全，以確保殖民行動的遂行，方式上是經由科學觀察、調查、測量和統計的殖民現代性營造，一種帶有非正式帝國（informal empire）領土延伸的具體空間部署。這種非正式的殖民營造，是一種主體被遮蔽的建構過程。作者認為，19世紀萌芽的科學且正當的社會進化理論，提供了像英國這樣的殖民帝國在晚清中國租界擴張的一個自然化邏輯的依據；同時，藉由知識掌控，進而利用殖民地資源，以增進各種帝國殖民行動的經濟利益。這種來自於殖民主義擴張所確立的空間部署，使得想像中的地理願望在這一部署行動中被化為確立的政治連結、經濟依賴與地景改造的物質空間性。諸如廈門租界也在這種全景敞視論（panopticism）的機制下，而被予以殖民規訓營造。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p> This article would like to rediscover the spatial planning and management of the treaty area in Xiamen（廈門）during the 1840s~1930s. It argues that the Xiamen concession shaped the treaty port by transplanting the modern engineering-science. The author thought that British Empire used the neutralization logic for science and legitimated the social evolution to encroach concessions of the Qing dynasty in the late nineteenth century, and enhanced various interests of colonial acts by controlling knowledge simultaneously. This spatial disposition made geographical desire of colonial imagination be a physical space of political connection and economical dependency and remodeled. The informal colonization was a constructional process of a hidden subject. The Xiamen concession built the colonial discipline based on the method of panopticism. This article will point out the purpose of colonial act aimed on ensuring the hygiene and health of Colonizers in Xiamen concession. In practice, it concerned building colonial modernity by observing, surveying, measuring the statistics of science that was a spatial disposition referring to extended territory of informal empire.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

基於透空式建築型態的街谷細懸浮微粒汙染物擴散數值模擬

<p>受發展影響都市空間結構呈現高層且高密度趨勢，頻繁的人為活動加上在密集空間裡持續排放汙染物，破壞都市微氣候環境造成負面效應(任超，2016；歐陽嶠暉，2005)，為改善惡化的都市環境，主要透過規劃與設計針對建物與街道空間型態進行優化，其中高密度的建築群影響周邊風環境，不利於街谷內汙染物的擴散，而透過透空式建築設計能減少建築迎風面面積，增加風通透性以改善都市環境 (香港屋宇署，2013)，過往研究多透過觀測的方式分析汙染物與氣象條件的關係，近期則針對汙染物進行電腦數值模擬，但採用顆粒物的模擬相對較少，因此本研究配合Hang, J. & Li, Y. G.(2010)理想城市10&times;9配置，設定透空式建築量體為長(30m)、寬(30m)、高(80m)，並以無透空建築為對照組，加上不同建築洞口高度(0.45h、0.65h及0.45-0.65h)為變項設計共4組研究方案，使用ANSYS Fluent v18進行風環境與PM2.5細懸浮微粒汙染物模擬。研究結果顯示:高層建築量體增加街道封閉性，導致空氣流通與汙染物擴散的阻礙，透空式建築能提高街道的滲透性改善空氣流通。隨著 Z 軸高度增加汙染物分佈受街谷空間及汙染源距離影響，因此較低的洞口具有較佳汙染物去除效果。連續且過長的街道讓汙染物累積於都市末端，建議維持足夠的都市空間讓街區空氣流通，以得到理想改善效果。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>This study is based on opening buildings of length (30m), width (30m), and height (80m) combined with Hang, J. & Li, Y. G.(2010) ideal city 10 &times; 9 configurations, and building without hole is control group, different building opening heights (0.45h, 0.65h, and 0.45-0.65h) are designed as various groups of 4 research scenario. Using ANSYS Fluent v18 to simulate the wind environment and PM2.5 fine particulate matter. The results of the study found that the volume of high-rise buildings increased the sealing of the streets, leading to the obstruction of air circulation and the spread of pollutants. The opening buildings can increase the permeability of the streets and improve the air circulation. As the height of the Z-axis increases, the distribution of pollutants is affected by the space of the street canyon and the distance of the pollution source, so the lower hole has a better effect of removing pollutants. Continuous and long streets allow pollutants to accumulate at the end of the city. It is recommended to maintain sufficient urban space to allow air circulation in the blocks to obtain the desired improvement effect. </p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

臺灣建築物騎樓整平計畫之研究：內政部及臺北市政府騎樓整平計畫法令及執行之分析

<p>今日臺灣各直轄市、縣(市)政府均有騎樓整平計畫，但因建築管理、市區人行道管理、交通管理等行政管理單位不同，並涉及都市工程管溝問題，使騎樓整平改善各行其是。本研究從中央政府與臺北市政府騎樓之法令，及內政部營建署對各直轄市、縣(市)政府騎樓改善勘檢督導的資料進行分析，討論如何從法令及現實面執行改善。研究發現:1.騎樓整平問題主要包括無障礙法令界面整合不足、商家不願意配合、整平後仍被攤販占用等。2.內政部營建署對公共建築物及騎樓無障礙環境優化的重視，主要來自行政院身心障礙者權益促進委員會、行政院主計總處、內政部身心障礙者保護委員會、行政院人權推動小組、內政部部務會報部長指示、監察院的糾正，其中行政院主計總處將無障礙生活環境督導業務督導考核成果作為中央增減對各該縣市一般性補助款之參考依據，為重要的政策方向。在制定騎樓的無障礙環境優化計畫及修正相關無障礙法規上，內政部營建署於2017年制定「公共建築物及騎樓無障礙環境優化計畫」，並逐步修正，對騎樓整平改善有正面效果。3.臺北市的騎樓整平較為成功，分析成功因素除與臺北市的公共建築物無障礙法令因地制宜的修正，首長支持是重要因素，騎樓整平改善的現實面必須考量地方政府人力、經費與執行能力。4.本研究最後提出「騎樓整平無障礙環境改善計畫通則」，騎樓店家如因有高低差，依法必需設置避難層坡道及扶手，但受限於現況無法設置時，可參考該通則相關規定，設置活動式斜坡板、輪椅昇降臺、樓梯附掛式昇降座椅進行改善，建議未來此通則可提供各直轄市、縣(市)政府參考。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Currently, every municipality and county (city) government in Taiwan has plans for leveling of arcade walkways. However, due to different administrative units such as construction management, urban landscape sidewalks management, traffic management, etc. along with the problem of urban engineering management trenches, the improvement of the arcade walkway leveling has been performed as independent units. This study analyzed the Central Government and Taipei City Government&rsquo;s Acts of the Building Arcade Walkway Leveling Act, and the data on the inspection and supervision of the construction of municipal and county (city) government arcade walkways by the Ministry of the Interior, to discuss how to implement the improvement from the aspects of law and reality. The study found that the walkway leveling problems of building arcades mainly includes inadequate integration of statutes regarding accessible, unwillingness of merchants to cooperate, and walkways being re-occupied by vendors after leveling. After comparison, we found Taipei City is relatively successful. The success factor, after analysis, shows in addition to the fact that laws and regulations can be amended according to local conditions, that the support of the chief executive is also an important factor. The reality of the leveling walkway improvement of building arcades must consider the manpower, funding, and execution capabilities of the local governments. This research finally puts forward some general rules for improving the accessible environment through arcade walkway leveling; that is, if the arcade walkways of stores have height differences, they must install floor ramps and handrails according to law, but if such facilities cannot be installed due to the current situation, they can refer to the general rule to set up movable ramps, wheelchair lifts, or stairs with hanging lift seats for improvement. It is suggested that this general rule can be provided for reference by county and city governments in the future.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

應用無人機傾斜攝影三維建模於遠距建成環境模擬之方法

<p>遠距山坡地區建成環境的環境模擬一直困擾規劃者，不僅僅是建成環境的調查測繪困難、3D建模與環境模擬不易，凸顯了規劃設計者的窘境。因此，本文嘗試利用遠距地區建成環境，以無人機傾斜攝影進行3D建模，以致於運用到環境模擬，研提一套簡便的方法論供規劃設計者參考。研究成果為：1.建置遠距地區建成環境模擬之方法論；2.透過陽明山中國文化大學為例實地案例分析，驗證遠距山區建構3D模型及物理環境模擬方法論的可行性。最後再討論此方法論的適用情況。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>The environmental simulation of the built environment in the remote hillside area has always troubled planners. It is not only the difficulty of surveying and mapping the built environment, but also the difficulty of 3D modeling and environmental simulation, which highlights the dilemma of planners and designers. Therefore, this paper attempts to make use of the built environment in the remote area to carry out 3D modeling with UAV tilt photography, so as to apply it to the environment simulation, and to develop a set of simple methodology for planning designers’ reference. The research results are: 1. Establish the methodology of the built environment simulation in the remote area; 2. Through the field case analysis of Yangmingshan Chinese Culture University as an example, verify the feasibility of the construction of the 3D model and the physical environment simulation methodology in the remote mountain area. Finally, discuss the application of this methodology.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

臺中市及臺南市都會區碳排放量與土地發展相關指標關係之研究

<p>當今全球暖化，城市面臨氣候變遷及二氧化碳排放量遽增，進而產生更明顯的都市熱島效應，所以現在更需加強城市整體耗能之未來減緩及調適策略訂定。本研究對臺中市及臺南市兩個城市都會區，進行碳收支項目的剖析與研究，並完整呈現出影響臺灣本土都會區總耗能量之特性。臺中市都會區採以單一案例街廓為基本單元，首重詳解建築碳排放量及交通碳排放量等項目，臺南市都會區以都市網格解析。本研究除量化都會區整體碳收支，更兼具涵蓋都市小尺度及大尺度範圍，並建立本土城市各項二氧化碳排放量多項式簡算法。兩個都會區中，針對各行政區的人口密度及整體耗能的關聯分析顯示，當一個行政區的人口密度愈高時，單位土地面積的碳排放量愈少，此趨勢特徵與都市基礎設施及其分擔之服務單位人口數有關。另本研究剖析都市各項影響因子及整合城市宜居環境評估指標後，首先提出建築運輸指標及地價財經指標，含括建築、交通、地價及收入等發展相關指標，得到臺中市都會區總碳排放量與建築運輸指標及地價財經指標，皆為正相關性，並與臺南市都會區因郊區使用分區的使用特性相比，產生兩者都會區明顯差異性。本研究同時建構出完整的關鍵城市耗能評估指標及策略模式，續以應用及推廣於辦理都市計畫定期通盤檢討。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Due to global warming, cities face climate change and increasing carbon dioxide emissions, making the urban heat island effect more pronounced. It is therefore necessary to strengthen mitigation and adjustment strategies for the city’s overall energy consumption in the future. This research analyzes and compares two metropolitan areas’ carbon budget projects in Taichung and Tainan, and comprehensively presents the characteristics that affect Taiwan’s metropolitan areas’ total energy consumption. The Taichung metropolitan area uses a single-case block profile as the basic unit and focuses on detailed building carbon emissions and transportation carbon emissions. In terms of the Tainan metropolitan area, the analysis is based on the urban grid. In addition to quantifying the metropolitan area’s overall carbon budget, this study also covers both small-scale and large-scale urban areas and establishes a simplified model for various carbon dioxide emissions in local cities. The overall energy consumption of the two metropolitan areas shows that an area with higher population density will induce less carbon emissions, which may due to the relationship between urban infrastructure and its quantity of service populations. Based on our analysis using the city’s livable environment’s assessment indicators, the evaluation results of building-transport indicators and real estate pricing indicators we developed an index which includes building, transport, land price, and income factors. The overall carbon emissions of the Taichung metropolitan area are positively correlated with building-transport indicators and real estate pricing indicators. Compared with the Tainan metropolitan area’s usage characteristics, due to suburban use, there are apparent differences between the two metropolitan areas. This research helped develop a complete urban energy consumption indicator and future strategy model, which can be promoted through regulations for the periodical review of urban planning. </p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

題目設定引導設計邏輯發展之教學研究

<p>傳統的建築設計課程皆以每學期幾次不同題型的設定，期望在設計操作的反復練習中，幫助操作者探索合適的操作方法並從中建立設計邏輯。設計題目的設定規範了操作的方向與期望的成果，但因設計發展並沒有既定的步驟與方法，常因個人經驗與所選擇設計方式的不同，導致過於感性的思維模式，也造就了理性建築設計教學的挑戰。此研究針對題目設定與設計邏輯的關係，試圖避開操作者可預期的結果，並藉過程中不同階段性的操作設定，試圖建立一種設計邏輯發展的依據。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Traditionally, architecture design studio requires few exercises per semester for students to practice design method and develop design thinking. As design exercises often direct design approach and also establish expectation of outcome, there is no guaranty procedure or design method to follow in order to achieve the best outcome. Since design development heavily based on experience of operation and choice of approach, sensible thinking process is often involved and sets challenge for rational architectural pedagogy. This research aims to exam the design thinking process of students by setting up specific design exercise to avoid predictable operation process, in order to direct specific design approach according to established guidance for further development. </p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

建築環境模擬分析整合於設計流程之教育成效評估

<p>近年來，由諸多文獻中發現在建築設計過程中以建築性能分析軟體輔助之相關議題，然而無論在業界實務端或學院教育，對於在設計流程中導入建築性能分析軟體的可信度、時間點、意願、操作流程及相關背景知識仍未成熟。因此，本研究著重於整合國內實務端設計工作流程與重點模擬分析項目，提出一套學習的參考架構，並對設計者進行教育訓練，以消弭設計階段應用分析軟體的障礙。本研究以7名建築系學生為對象，進行一學期的教育訓練實驗，透過問卷和訪談進行綜合性分析以評估訓練成效。實驗結果發現教育訓練具有良好成效，參與者對建築性能分析軟體的知識有顯著提升。雖然個體間學習成效存在差異（如參與者對技術易用性的認知不同），但對技術的價值認知與採納意願則皆有顯著提升。然而，建築能耗分析軟體被發現訓練成效不彰，可能歸因為該能源相關專業本身之複雜性，訓練時間不足，個體學習態度等，導致不容易在短期課程中立即獲得良好學習成效，其在設計中的應用也受到限制。藉此，本研究最後亦提出對未來建築學院在理論與分析軟體操作的整合課程建議，以協助學習者能夠循序漸進，有效的應用輔助分析軟體回饋建築設計。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Since the sustainable issue has become a trend in recent years, the adoption of building performance analysis (BPA) tools in design process is not a news today. However, according to the literature review revealing the &ldquo;rule of thumb&rdquo; was still the measure when architects discuss the green building design. Also, the lack of background knowledge could always be noticed between the intention of sustainability and design works in either academic education or design practice. Therefore, this study was started on the BPA software training course of basic knowledge and application through the early design phase. To close the gap, a guided workflow of BPA tools was proposed for the designer&rsquo;s needs. The guided workflow was used to draft a pilot experiment course in architectural education with 7 trainees. In order to enhance students&rsquo; fundamental knowledge. The results of the experiment showed subjects have a significant improvement on the knowledge of BPA tools (p-value <0.05), nevertheless, energy simulation learning showed on the opposite. The results also indicated that the individual discrepancy might cause the effect on factor of &ldquo;Perceived Ease of Use&rdquo;. In conclusion, based on the results of experiment above, the grading course with learning objectives, training methods and contents have been modified and suggested.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

有任務的學習與設計思考：淡水宗教文化與歷史街區再生工作坊個案研究

<p>本個案研究是教育部大學社會責任計畫「淡水好生活&mdash;學習型城鄉建構計畫」之「淡水世界遺產潛力點田野學校」子計畫的一部分。本研究以都市設計工作坊的實踐模式，發展創新的「社區營造」課程模組，以設計思考的同理心、需求定義、創意發想、製作原型及測試等歷程軌跡，檢驗學生在進入真實生活世界的社區與社群中，如何透過與小組團隊一起從田野調查、界定問題到計畫提案的學習歷程中發展設計思維。本研究以臺灣北部的淡水歷史街區為場域，依據當下場域中的真實議題，選定「宗教文化與歷史街區再生」作為工作坊的操作主題。以非物質文化資產的「宗教文化」經驗為專題提案內容，透過包括課堂上課、小組討論、街區走訪、學生訪談、學習反思日誌等資料的蒐集，分析有關淡水歷史城市再造可能性的構思與設計歷程。研究結果發現，透過與在地的「人」與「物」的交流與經驗世界的理解，參與此課程的學生為完成提案任務的學習是一個參與式設計的意義建構與共識（sense making）的過程。研究還發現，將課程帶到生活現場進行有任務的學習，為學生開展了新穎卻又貼近傳統文化的學習經驗。透過設計進行研究獲得的建築知識以及促進設計思考的可視性功能在此研究中有進一步的討論。此外，本研究透過設計思考課程模組的建構，有助於優化參與式設計「社區營造」教學模式在大學課程改革的實踐。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>This case study is part of the University&rsquo; Social Responsibility project &ldquo;World Heritage Potential Field School&rdquo;, an interdisciplinary university course program. This study developed an innovative &ldquo;community construction&rdquo; curriculum module using hands-on model of urban design workshop. The curriculum is designed based on the design thinking process&mdash;empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test. This study examined how students developed design thinking through the learning process of fieldwork, problem definition, and project proposal with teamwork in real-life communities and neighborhoods. In this study, &ldquo;Religious Culture and Historic District Regeneration&rdquo; was selected as the theme of the workshop course, based on the real issues in context, and the religious culture experience of the intangible cultural heritage was used as the topic of the proposal. Data were collected from classroom sessions, group discussions, neighborhood and community visits, student interviews, and learning reflective journals to analyze the conceptualization and design process that stimulate the possibility of rejuvenating the historic Tamsui district. The research findings revealed that, through participatory design, students&rsquo; learning to accomplish the proposed tasks was a sense making process through their communication with the &ldquo;people&rdquo; and &ldquo;surroundings&rdquo; of the place as well as their own experiential understanding. The study also found that bringing the curriculum to the real-life world for task-based learning initiated novel learning experiences while students were exposed to traditional culture. The architectural knowledge built by research through design and the visibility function that promotes design thinking are further discussed in this research. In addition, the curriculum module on innovative participatory design &ldquo;community construction&rdquo; developed in this study will help optimize the practice of design thinking learning model in university curriculum reform. </p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

邁向湧現美學的基本設計教學研究

<p>本研究主要在探討建築設計在數位工具與生物學觀點介入後，如何將形態生成語彙的，以自然的湧現特質呈現在設計中。設計的操作方法透過材料特性的探索、量體聚集和力學傳遞的差異與連續，企圖創造出不同於以往只有幾何的組織特性而能傳達自組織美學的意。此看法包含Las Spuybroek所說解釋的新激進唯物主義概念，可以體現從構築、跨越物質感知與物質本身產生共鳴的設計方法。目前在數位設計型態上十分常見。但是，如何避免只是複製形式而不了解邏輯的生成原則，將材料探索和其生成意義傳遞給學生，需要一套較完整的設計教學方法。本研究歷經三年的嘗試，已接近明確的方法論，其目的就是希望讓學生從近身事物之觀察為起點，分門別類理解各種材料與對應工具的技術，最後運用於生成形式獨特的空間內涵。即便學生沒有直接接觸或使用計算機工具或任何種類的演算和結構運算軟體。學生也能自然地體驗形式由下而上的生成方法，以及來自構築性物件中結構力量的流動與傳遞經驗。他們可以看到組織的流動性如何轉移到物體結構中。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>The research primarily explores how, after the introduction of digital tools and biological viewpoints, architectural design may express the morphological generation language within as a natural emergence. Through the exploration of material properties, mass aggregation and the force distribution and continuity, the design method attempts to create an assemblage characteristic containing more than simply geometry as in the past, and the ability to communicate the aesthetic value of self-assemblage. This aspect was also explained by Las Spuybroek, on new radical materialist concept that embodies a design approach resonating with the tectonics, cross-material perception and the material itself. At the moment, this approach is prevalent in digital design. Nonetheless, for the purpose of conveying this tectonic significance to students by the material exploration, and avoiding a simple replication of form and uninformed of the principles that generate such logic, a more thorough method in design teaching is required. After three years of experimentation, the research has nearly arrived at a clear methodology, which aims to allow students to take the observation of the surrounding objects as the outset, categorizing and understanding the materials and set of techniques of respective tools, and finally realized by generating unique forms of spatial connotation. Even if the students have yet been in direct contact or use of the computational tools or any types of algorithms and structural calculations, they can naturally experience the bottom-up approach of the form generation and the flow of structural force from the tectonic, thus pass on the experience. They will observe how the organizational mobility is transferred to the structure.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>