scholarly journals Correlation between Zika virus and microcephaly as a consequence of congenital infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Flávia Silva Castro ◽  
Natália Barros Salgado Vieira ◽  
Sarah Joanny da Silva Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Zika Virus Infection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Effects ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: The Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus of RNA, whose transmission is mainly vector - by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes - but it also occurs through sexual, blood and transplacental transmission, with the last mentioned it was possible to verify serious neurological effects in the epidemic in South America, especially in Brazil, between 2015 and 2016. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between Zika virus infection and microcephaly in recent scientific literature. Methodology: Refers to a bibliographic review in the databases SciELO, LILACS and MEDLINE / Pubmed, with the terms “zika virus”, “infection” and “microcephaly” correlated in Portuguese and in English; 78 articles were found, but only 7 followed for analysis. Articles published more than 5 years ago and out of the proposed theme were disregarded. Results: The Zika virus, although similar to the dengue and chikungunya virus, it has a tendency to cause damage to the central nervous system such as Guillain-Barré Syndrome. However, the association between microcephaly and ZIKV started to be more observed through the increase of the disease among fetuses and newborns of mothers who had been infected during the gestational phase in the epidemic that happened in Brazil. It is known that the development of the nervous system is the product of processes of high proliferation and cellular differentiation, in which even small errors generate dangerous impacts, and it is during this period that ZIKV affects the CNS of the fetus. The disease is characterized by the reduction of the brain perimeter, in this context, is a consequence of abnormalities influenced by the virus. Conclusions: Microcephaly is a complex disease; therefore, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of primary care and other spheres for monitoring Zika virus infections, prenatal care and constant psychosocial monitoring. Furthermore, it is necessary to understand the relevance of studies about ZIKV and microcephaly, and to encourage scientific production in this area.

Shiftless inhibits flavivirus replication in vitro and is neuroprotective in a mouse model of Zika virus pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (49) ◽  
pp. e2111266118
Author(s):  
Natasha W. Hanners ◽  
Katrina B. Mar ◽  
Ian N. Boys ◽  
Jennifer L. Eitson ◽  
Pamela C. De La Cruz-Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Type I ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Zika Virus Infection ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Flaviviruses such as Zika virus and West Nile virus have the potential to cause severe neuropathology if they invade the central nervous system. The type I interferon response is well characterized as contributing to control of flavivirus-induced neuropathogenesis. However, the interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) effectors that confer these neuroprotective effects are less well studied. Here, we used an ISG expression screen to identify Shiftless (SHFL, C19orf66) as a potent inhibitor of diverse positive-stranded RNA viruses, including multiple members of the Flaviviridae (Zika, West Nile, dengue, yellow fever, and hepatitis C viruses). In cultured cells, SHFL functions as a viral RNA-binding protein that inhibits viral replication at a step after primary translation of the incoming genome. The murine ortholog, Shfl, is expressed constitutively in multiple tissues, including the central nervous system. In a mouse model of Zika virus infection, Shfl−/− knockout mice exhibit reduced survival, exacerbated neuropathological outcomes, and increased viral replication in the brain and spinal cord. These studies demonstrate that Shfl is an important antiviral effector that contributes to host protection from Zika virus infection and virus-induced neuropathological disease.

scholarly journals Zika Virus Infection in the Central Nervous System and Female Genital Tract

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2228-2230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Nicastri ◽  
Concetta Castilletti ◽  
Pietro Balestra ◽  
Simonetta Galgani ◽  
Giuseppe Ippolito
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Zika Virus Infection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Female Genital

scholarly journals Zika virus infection of the central nervous system of mice

1971 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Bell ◽  
E. J. Field ◽  
H. K. Narang
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Zika Virus Infection ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Asymptomatic Prenatal Zika Virus Infection and Congenital Zika Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enny S Paixao ◽  
Wei-Yee Leong ◽  
Laura C Rodrigues ◽  
Annelies Wilder-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Recall Bias ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Fetal Outcomes ◽  
Zika Virus Infection ◽  
Congenital Zika Syndrome

Abstract To investigate to what extent asymptomatic vs symptomatic prenatal Zika virus infections contribute to birth defects, we identified 3 prospective and 8 retrospective studies. The ratio varied greatly in the retrospective studies, most likely due to recruitment and recall bias. The prospective studies revealed a ratio of 1:1 for asymptomatic vs symptomatic maternal Zika infections resulting in adverse fetal outcomes.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Approaches for Zika Virus Infection of the Nervous System

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1027-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel P. M. Abrams ◽  
Jamie Solis ◽  
Avindra Nath
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Zika Virus Infection

scholarly journals Clinical findings in congenital infection by Zika virus: a retrospective study in a reference hospital in Central-West Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia de Paula Guimarães ◽  
Myrella Silveira Macedo ◽  
Maria Alves Barbosa ◽  
Solomar Martins Marques ◽  
Paulo Sucasas Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Health Care Teams ◽  
Reference Hospital ◽  
Congenital Zika Syndrome ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Eye Damage

Background An increased number of congenital Zika virus infections with neurological and musculoskeletal malformations have been diagnosed worldwide, however, there are still several gaps in the knowledge about this infection, its associated mechanism, timing of transmission, and description of throughout findings of signs and symptoms, which is described in this paper. The purpose of this study is to describe aspects of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) beyond the central nervous system comprising detailed delineation of all the other clinical findings. Methods A retrospective research developed using electronic medical records. We analyzed the files of 69 children with an initial diagnosis of microcephaly by Zika vírus who were born in 2015, 2016 and 2017, treated during the period from 2016 to 2017. Results The newborns presented several neurological and musculoskeletal malformations, eye damage, hearing impairment and other malformations. Conclusions The present study has significant impact for health care teams following lactents with Congenital Zika Syndrome.

Central and peripheral nervous system involvement in Zika virus infection in a child

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 893-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Eillanny Silva Marinho ◽  
Pedro Paulo Martins Alvarenga ◽  
Mauricio Teixeira Lima ◽  
Adriana de Souza Andrade ◽  
Talitah Michel Sanchez Candiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
Zika Virus Infection

scholarly journals Zika virus infections in three travellers returning from South America and the Caribbean respectively, to Montpellier, France, December 2015 to January 2016

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Thibault Maria ◽  
Marianne Maquart ◽  
Alain Makinson ◽  
Olivier Flusin ◽  
Michel Segondy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
South America ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Southern France ◽  
Zika Virus Infection ◽  
The Caribbean

We report three unrelated cases of Zika virus infection in patients returning from Martinique, Brazil and Colombia respectively, to Montpellier, France. They developed symptoms compatible with a mosquito-borne disease, and serological and molecular investigations indicated a recent Zika virus infection. Considering the recent warning for the likely teratogenicity of Zika virus and the presence of competent mosquito vectors in southern France, these cases highlight the need for awareness of physicians and laboratories in Europe.

scholarly journals Punica granatum Leaf Ethanolic Extract and Ellagic Acid as Inhibitors of Zika Virus Infection

Planta Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (18) ◽  
pp. 1363-1374
Author(s):  
Stefano Acquadro ◽  
Andrea Civra ◽  
Cecilia Cagliero ◽  
Arianna Marengo ◽  
Massimo Rittà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Zika Virus Infection ◽  
Neurological Effects

AbstractZika virus, an arthropod-borne flavivirus, is an emerging healthcare threat worldwide. Zika virus is responsible for severe neurological effects, such as paralytic Guillain-Barrè syndrome, in adults, and also congenital malformations, especially microcephaly. No specific antiviral drugs and vaccines are currently available, and treatments are palliative, but medicinal plants show great potential as natural sources of anti-Zika phytochemicals. This study deals with the investigation of the composition, cytotoxicity, and anti-Zika activity of Punica granatum leaf ethanolic extract, fractions, and phytoconstituents. P. granatum leaves were collected from different areas in Italy and Greece in different seasons. Crude extracts were analyzed and fractionated, and the pure compounds were isolated. The phytochemical and biomolecular fingerprint of the pomegranate leaves was determined. The antiviral activities of the leaf extract, fractions, and compounds were investigated against the MR766 and HPF2013 Zika virus strains in vitro. Both the extract and its fractions were found to be active against Zika virus infection. Of the compounds isolated, ellagic acid showed particular anti-Zika activities, with EC50 values of 30.86 µM for MR766 and 46.23 µM for HPF2013. The mechanism of action was investigated using specific antiviral assays, and it was demonstrated that ellagic acid was primarily active as it prevented Zika virus infection and was able to significantly reduce Zika virus progeny production. Our data demonstrate the anti-Zika activity of pomegranate leaf extract and ellagic acid for the first time. These findings identify ellagic acid as a possible anti-Zika candidate compound that can be used for preventive and therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Use of infectious disease surveillance reports to monitor the Zika virus epidemic in Latin America and the Caribbean from 2015 to 2017: strengths and deficiencies

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e042869
Author(s):  
Joan K Morris ◽  
Helen Dolk ◽  
Pablo Durán ◽  
Ieda Maria Orioli
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Infectious Disease Surveillance ◽  
Zika Virus Infection ◽  
The Caribbean

ObjectivesTo summarise the occurrence of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) in Latin America and the Caribbean from 2015 to 2017 using two outcome measures derived from infectious disease surveillance reports and to assess the completeness of these reports.DesignSurveillance study.SettingPan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO epidemiology reports on confirmed and suspected Zika virus infection and cases of CZS.ParticipantsPopulations of 47 countries in the South and Central Americas, Mexico and the Caribbean.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe number of CZS cases per 1000 births (using 2016–2017 births as a denominator) and the number of CZS cases per 1000 births in women with Zika virus infection during pregnancy.ResultsBy 4 January 2018, 548623 suspected and 239063 confirmed Zika virus infections had been reported to PAHO/WHO from 47 countries. In 25 countries, over 80% of infections were reported as suspected. There were 3617 confirmed CZS cases in 25 countries; 2952 (82%) had occurred in Brazil. The number of CZS cases per 1000 births varied considerably with Brazil and several Caribbean island communities (Puerto Rico, St Martin, Martinique, Guadeloupe and Grenada) having the highest CZS prevalence above 0.5 per 1000 births. Analysing the number of CZS cases per 1000 births in women infected with Zika virus during their pregnancy highlighted the inaccuracies of the data, with Venezuela likely to have had severe under-reporting of CZS.ConclusionsExpressing data on CZS in relation to total births, rather than as absolute numbers, better illustrates the burden of disease, providing that under-reporting of CZS is not too severe. Data on infections in pregnant women enable potential under-reporting of CZS to be identified. Both measures are recommended for future PAHO/WHO publications. Evidence of severe under-reporting of Zika virus infections and CZS makes interpretation of the data and comparisons between countries challenging.

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