Predictive Markers of First Line Failure of Anti-Retroviral Therapy in HIV Positive Patients in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3238-3240
Author(s):  
M. Waqar Aslam ◽  
A. Ashar Ghuman ◽  
Saveela Sadaqat ◽  
Saif Ullah ◽  
M. Akram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Predictive Markers ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
First Line ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Treatment Centre ◽  
Control Study

Background: HIV treatment centres register HIV positive patients, specially trained doctors prescribe Antiretroviral Therapy to the selected cases that fulfill the criteria for initiation of HAART. Aim: To establish predictive markers of failure of 1st line ART in HIV positive patients on first line ART under treatment in HIV Treatment Centre of PIMS Islamabad. Study design: Retrospective case control study. Methodology: Retrospective case control study done at HIV Treatment Centre at PIMS Islamabad. Cases were patients who failed 1st line ART and started on second line ART from November 2005 to June 2020. Patients responding well to first line ART since more than five years or more were taken as controls. Various factors were analyzed in both groups and compared to find their level of significance. Data was analyzed by SPSS software, version 25 as qualitative variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages. Results: CD4 count of all 38 patients was below 300 on diagnosis. In 21 patients (55.3%) CD4 count initially increased but there was no rise in CD4 count in 17 patients (44.7%) after start of 1st line ART. Conclusion: We concluded that CD4 count is one of the most important predictive markers in success or failure of ART. Rising number of CD4 count on follow up visits gives a strong indication that patient is responding well to the prescribed treatment and is likely to benefit from the current regimen of ARVs for a longer period in future. Keywords: Predictive Markers, CD4 count, Viral Load, HIV, ART, Compliance and Co-morbidities

Gefitinib versus platinum contained doublet chemotherapy in chemotherapy-naive patients with stage IIIb or IV non-small cell lung cancer of adenocarcinoma histology: A retrospective case control study

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19070-e19070
Author(s):  
Y. Xu ◽  
Y. Zhou ◽  
M. Huang ◽  
B. Zou ◽  
X. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Stage Iiib ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
First Line ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Nsclc Patients ◽  
Control Study ◽  
First Line Treatment

e19070 Background: The results of the ISEL study in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) suggest greater benefit of gefitinib among Asian patients and non-smokers compared with the overall trial population. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study to compare outcomes for gefitinib versus platinum doublet chemotherapy as first line treatment in selected NSCLC patients (stage IIIB/IV adenocarcinoma, PS 0–2). Patient receiving platinum chemotherapy were selected on the basis of disease stage (IIIB or IV), gender, smoking history, WHO performance status (PS) (0–1, or 2) and age (< 60ys or ≥ 60ys) being matched to patients receiving gefitinib. Gefitinib and chemotherapy arm patients were selected by 1:2 ratio in order to increase statistical power. The study was approved by local institute review board. Results: 99 chemo-naïve adenocarcinoma patients treated in our institute from January 2006 to December 2007 were collected: 33 received gefitinib and 66 received chemotherapy. The baseline characteristics are listed in table 1 . The median duration of follow-up was 10 months. Patients receiving gefitinib experienced significantly higher ORR and DCR, and prolonged PFS ( table 1 ). Patients receiving chemotherapy experienced more frequent grade 3–4 neutropenia (42.4% vs 0%), thrombocytopenia (21.2% Vs 0%), febrile neutropenia (7.5% vs 0%) and nausea (24.2% vs 3.0%). The most commonly recorded adverse events in the gefitinib arm were rash/acne (9.1%), diarrhea (3.0%), nausea (3.0%) and anemia (3.0%). Conclusions: The limitations of case-control studies are acknowledged, yet these results were supported by IPASS. Gefitinib as first-line treatment confers clinically relevant benefit in Asian NSCLC patients with adenocarcinoma histology versus platinum based chemotherapy. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]

W1452: Colonoscopic Findings in Symptomatic HIV Positive African American Patients: A Retrospective Case Control Study From an Inner City Hospital

2010 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. AB332
Author(s):  
Ramakrishna Chakilam ◽  
Samyukta Chava ◽  
Rajesh Chintala ◽  
Satya Chalasani ◽  
Andrew Sanderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals CD4/CD8 ratio as a predictor for the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in HIV / AIDS patients during 6 months of cART therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Refet Gojak ◽  
Vesna Hadžiosmanović ◽  
Rusmir Baljić ◽  
Lamija Zečević ◽  
Jozo Ćorić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Hiv Aids

Summary Background HIV infection is characterized by progressive depletion of CD4+ T cells due to their reduced synthesis and increased destruction followed by marked activation and expansion of CD8+ T lymphocytes. CD4/CD8 ratio was traditionally described as a marker of immune system ageing in the general population, but it increasingly appears as a marker of different outcomes in the HIV-infected population. The main objective of this study is to examine the power of CD4/CD8 ratio in predicting the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in HIV-positive patients receiving cART therapy. Methods 80 HIV/AIDS subjects were included in a retrospective case-control study. Flow cytometry was used to determine the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in peripheral blood of these patients. The values of biochemical parameters (triglycerides, HDL, blood sugar, blood counts), immunological parameters (CD4/CD8, PCR), anthropometric measurements and type of cART therapy were evaluated in this study. Results After six months of cART therapy 19 (23.8%) subjects had all the elements necessary for making the diagnosis of MetS. Using multivariate analysis CD4/CD8 ratio was statistically significant (p < 0.05) and had the largest effect on development of MetS (Wald = 9.01; OR = 0.45), followed by cART (Wald = 7.87; OR = 0.10) and triglycerides (Wald = 5.27; OR = 1.7). On the other hand, body weight and waist circumference showed no statistically significant effect on the development of MetS after six months of cART, p > 0.05. Conclusions CD4/CD8 ratio proved to be a significant marker for prediction of metabolic syndrome in HIV/AIDS patients.

Abacavir exposure and cardiovascular risk factors in HIV-positive patients with coronary heart disease: a retrospective case–control study

Sexual Health ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine M. Trevillyan ◽  
Allen C. Cheng ◽  
Jennifer Hoy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Control Study

Background HIV-positive patients have an estimated twofold increased risk of acute myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease (CHD). While traditional cardiovascular risk factors and the effects of HIV and chronic inflammation all play a role, the contribution of long-term exposure to antiretroviral (ARV) agents is becoming clear. Methods: We performed a retrospective case–control study of HIV-positive patients seen from January 1996 to December 2009 to evaluate the impact of HIV suppression and exposure to specific ARVs on the incidence of CHD. Results: Cases (n = 68) were HIV-positive with evidence of CHD. Two age- and sex-matched HIV-positive controls (n = 136) without a diagnosis of CHD were assigned for each case. The cumulative incidence of CHD in the period covered by the study was 3.8%, with an incidence of 8.5 cases per 1000 patient-years of follow up. Cases had an increased likelihood of having hypertension (odds ratio (OR): 6.62, P < 0.001), a family history of CHD (OR: 5.82, P < 0.001), lower high-density lipoprotein levels (OR: 0.28, P = 0.025) and higher Framingham risk scores compared with controls. Following adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, the presence of CHD was significantly associated with the current use of abacavir (OR: 2.10, P = 0.03). Protease inhibitor therapy, HIV viral load and duration of known HIV infection were not predictive of CHD in our patient population. Conclusions: Our data add to the evidence that abacavir use is associated with CHD in HIV-positive patients in Australia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document