Evaluation of Computed Tomography Scan of Brain in Pediatric Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3433-3434
Author(s):  
Mahwash Mansoor ◽  
Rizwana Rahman Bazai
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Pathology ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
Tomography Scan

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of computed tomography in pediatric patients referred to radiology department for computed tomography scan brain Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Radiology Department, Sandmen Provincial Hospital Quetta form 1st January 2018 to 30th March 2018. Methodology: Sixty pediatric patients included in the study who referred from Pediatric OPD for computed tomography scan of brain. Patients with trauma were excluded while all other patient’s age between 1 month to 4 years were included. Findings were divided with normal and abnormal findings. Results: Twenty five (41.7%) were boys and 35 (58.3%) were girls. Only 25% were negative and 75% were positive and showed significant pathology. Major complaint was fits accompanied with fever and unconsciousness was also one of the reasons. Conclusion: Computed tomography scan is quick and now-a-days with easy access it is an effective diagnostic method in sick children with cases of neurological disease in spite of its radiation exposure child. Key word: Computed tomography (CT), Effectiveness, Children

scholarly journals A morphometric analysis of pedicles of lumbar vertebrae by using computed tomography scan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Dil Islam Mansur ◽  
Subindra Karki ◽  
Dilip Kumar Mehta ◽  
Pragya Shrestha ◽  
Sunima Maskey
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chord Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tomography Scan

Background: The vertebral column is the central pillar of the body which has cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal parts. Out of these, the lumbar part is made up of five lumbar vertebrae which lies between the thoracic part above and the sacral part below.  Objective: The study aimed to measure pedicle dimensions of lumbar vertebrae by using computed tomography scan. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study which was conducted on 115 images of computed tomography scan collected from the Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Dhulikhel Hospital between May and October 2019 after receiving ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. All the scans available in the department were taken for the study. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Data analysis was done in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16 (SPSS 16.0). Results: The pedicle chord length and breadth progressively decrease from L1 to L5 vertebral levels and pedicle thickness gradually increases from L1 to L5 vertebrae on both sides in both genders. The pedicle chord lengths were found significantly different whereas breadth and thickness were insignificantly different between males and females at all lumbar vertebral levels except at L1 for breadth. Conclusions: The pedicle chord length and breadth gradually decreases whereas thickness increases from L1 to L5 vertebral levels amongst Nepalese population.

scholarly journals Role of Computed Tomography Scan in The Evaluation of Cerebral Palsy in Children

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Momotaj Begum ◽  
Sabina Yiasmeen ◽  
Mahmud Hossain ◽  
Shafi Ahmed ◽  
Salahuddin Al Azad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tomography Scan

Background. Cerebral palsy is one of the common childhood neurological problem which occurs due to defect or lesion in immature brain. The worldwide incidence of cerebral palsy is approximately 2-2.5 per 1000 live births. There have been many works on the role of computed tomography scan in the diagnosis of cerebral palsy. Objective: The objective information available from careful review of imaging information such as CT brain scans, is an important adjunct to clinical data. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Radiology and Imaging, BSMMU and department of Paediatric Neurology unit over a period of 12 months from January 2019 to December 2019. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of CT scan in diagnosis of CP in children. Results: This cross sectional study was carried out on consecutively selected 94 children below 15 years having clinical evidence of cerebral palsy. Among the study subjects 86.2% were diagnosed as cerebral palsy through CT scan. Conclusion: The sensitivity and specificity of CT scan of present study was found to be quite high in children which suggests a CT scan as an effective investigation for the diagnosis of cerebral palsy. KYAMC Journal Vol. 11, No.-1, April 2020, Page 3-8

scholarly journals Role of computed tomography scan in diagnosis of retroperitoneal masses

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Patel
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Retroperitoneal Mass ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Tomography Scan

Background: In the vast and ever-expanding field of surgery there are only few subjects which have provoked controversy; curiosity related to correct management of patients suffering from various condition of the abdomen. This becomes very true when the patient has a retroperitoneal mass clinically. The problem of retroperitoneal mass was intriguing, fascinating and certainly most perplexing. The present study was planned with the objective to study the various clinical presentations of retroperitoneal mass, and their radiological findings, and co-relation between these various findings.Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study. The study included 30 patients clinically diagnosed having retroperitoneal mass, attending the department of general surgery.Results: The most common affected age group was of 40-50 years (9, 30.00%). The most frequent presenting symptoms were abdominal lump (28, 93.33%). Pallor was the commonest clinical sign (20, 66.67%). Retroperitoneal lymph node masses were the commonest (12, 40.00%) malignant lesions. Retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy was the most common lesion.Conclusions: The retroperitoneum has long been an area poorly visualised by conventional radiographic techniques and in this respect, computed tomography scan has great advantages over other modalities. Hence the modern surgeon should no longer be considered a ‘shadow-gazer' but an anatomist in-vivo.

Diagnostic Accuracy of HRCT Chest in Detection of Covid-19 Infection Taking PCR as Gold Standard

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1679-1681
Author(s):  
Afaque Ali ◽  
Majid Shaikh ◽  
Ahsanullah . ◽  
Adeel Ahmed ◽  
Abid Ali Sahito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Head Of Department

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest in detection of covid-19 infection taking PCR as gold standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Setting: Radiology department of Tabba Hospital, Karachi. Duration: From March 2019 to September 2020 Material and Methods: All the clinically suspected patients of covid-19, of any age, both genders and those referred to radiology for High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest to detect the covid-19 infection were included. After two days, patients’ PCR reports were collected from the ward, after taking informed consent and permission from head of department. The diagnostic accuracy of HRCT was established with respect to sensitivity, PPV, NPV, and specificity by taking PCR as gold standard. All the information was collected via study proforma. Results: Total 70 patients suspected for COVID-19 were studied, and the patients’ mean age was 58.23±9.52 years. Males were in majority 54(77.1%). As per HRCT findings, COVID-19 infection was positive in 46 patients, however, 48 patients were detected positive for COVID-19 infection as per PCR findings. In the detection of COVID-19 infection, HRCT chest showed sensitivity of 91%, specificity of 90%, PPV of 83%, NPV of 84% and diagnostic accuracy of 94%; by taking PCR as gold standard. Conclusion: High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is a reliable diagnostic approach in promptly detecting the COVID-19; with 91% sensitivity, 90% specificity, 83% positive predictive value, 84% negative predictive value and 94% diagnostic accuracy. Keywords: Accuracy, HRCT, COVID-19

scholarly journals A rare interesting case of fatal air embolism after intravenous contrast during computed tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Naved Y. Hasan ◽  
Asiah Salem Rugaan
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Pulseless Electrical Activity ◽  
Air Embolism ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Intravenous Contrast ◽  
Shock State ◽  
Tomography Scan

We are reporting a fatal case of air embolism. Although minor cases of air embolism may go unnoticed, this is a case of fatal air embolism after intravenous entry of air, which presented with sudden onset of pulseless electrical activity during a computed tomography scan in the radiology department, requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation for 15 min. Subsequently, after admission to the intensive care unit, we achieved return of spontaneous circulation. The patient was intubated and ventilated in a shock state. He remained in refractory shock despite of supportive care. Cardiaс arrest was registered again in the catheterization lab and the patient could not be revived after 4 h from the initial cardiac arrest. А computed tomography scan was reported to reveal a significant amount of intra-cardiac air, which was the likely cause patient’s death. The case is a rare condition, which highlights the importance of early diagnosis and delivers a message to the medical staff to have a high index of suspicion in patients who have risk factors, and who develop sudden shock with hypoxemia, in order to treat this potentially life-threatening condition effectively in a timely manner.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN LUARAN FUNGSIONAL PASIEN STROKE ISKEMIA AKUT DENGAN KONDISI HIPOALBUMINEMIA DAN TANPA HIPOALBUMINEMIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Dewa Ayu Citra Mahardina ◽  
Ismail Setyopranoto ◽  
Kusumo Dananjoyo ◽  
Anton Darmawan
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tomography Scan

Latar Belakang: Pasien yang memiliki hipoalbuminemia saat masuk rumah sakit berisiko tinggi mengalami komplikasi, luaran fungsional yang buruk dan berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko kematian. Penilaian luaran fungsional dengan Index Barthel dianggap sensitif untuk menilai disabilitas serta mudah untuk dikerjakan. Tujuan: Untuk membandingkan luaran fungsional pasien stroke akut dengan kondisi hipoalbuminemia dan tidak hipoalbuminemia. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian analitik observasional menggunakan rancangan cross-sectional. Subjek penelitian diambil dari rekam medis pasien stroke infark dengan kondisi hipoalbuminemia dan tanpa hipoalbuminemia. Diagnosis stroke ditegakkan berdasarkan gejala klinis dan hasil Computed Tomography Scan. Metode statistik uji Mann Whitney digunakan untuk membandingkan luaran fungsional pasien stroke iskemia akut dengan kondisi hipoalbuminemia dan tanpa hipoalbuminemia. Hasil: Rerata skor Indeks Barthel kelompok hipoalbuminemia sebesar 40,33 ± 24,81 sedangkan kelompok tanpa hipoalbuminemia sebesar 87,67 ± 24,1. Uji Mann-Whitney menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna (p= 0,00). Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan nilai luaran fungsional pada pasien stroke akut dengan kondisi hipoalbuminemia dan tanpa hipoalbuminemia.

scholarly journals Hubungan Antara Kadar DNA Plasma Virus Epstein Barr Dengan Stadium Klinis Karsinoma Nasofaring WHO Tipe 3

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Putranti Dyahayu Roziaty ◽  
Soehartono Soehartono ◽  
Hendradi Surjotomo
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Ebv Dna ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Tomography Scan

Latar Belakang: Karsinoma nasofaring (KNF) merupakan keganasan yang tersering ditemukan, dan berdampak pada penurunan kualitas hidup serta memiliki mortalitas tinggi. Penanganan KNF selama ini terkendala oleh waktu tunggu yang cukup lama dalam menentukan staging KNF terutama untuk antrian pemeriksaan computed tomography scan (CT scan) dan Ultrasonography (USG). Pemeriksaan kadar DNA EBV (Deoxyribonucleic acid Epstein-Barr Virus) pada pasien yang relatif lebih mudah dan terjangkau dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi stadium dan prognosis KNF. Dengan mengetahui prognosis KNF lebih dini, maka diharapkan penanganan terhadap KNF dapat segera dilakukan. Tujuan: Mengetahui apakah kadar DNA EBV dapat dipakai untuk memprediksi stadium dan prognosis KNF dengan cara mencari hubungan antara kadar DNA EBV dengan stadium KNF. Metode: Penelitian cross sectional melibatkan 15 subjek penelitian yang terdiagnosis KNF WHO tipe 3 kemudian dilakukan staging dengan CT scan, USG abdomen, dan foto toraks, serta diambil sampel darah untuk diukur kadar DNA EBV. Hasil: Seluruh subjek penelitian mengalami peningkatan kadar DNA EBV sesuai dengan peningkatan stadium KNF. Peningkatan stadium KNF berhubungan signifikan dengan peningkatan kadar DNA EBV (p=0,001). Ukuran tumor (T) berhubungan signifikan dengan kadar DNA EBV (p=0,023), ukuran nodul (N) berhubungan signifikan dengan kadar DNA EBV (p=0,005), ada tidaknya metastasis tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan kadar DNA EBV (p=0,398). Nilai cut off kadar DNA EBV sebesar 952 kopi/ml. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar DNA EBV dengan stadium klinis, dengan demikian kadar DNA EBV dapat dipertimbangkan untuk digunakan sebagai prediktor stadium dan prognosis KNF. Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the predominant tumor type arising in the nasopharynx,  with a high mortality and affecting quality of life.  NPC treatment  management is hindered by long queues of Computed Tomography Scan (CT scan) and Ultrasonography (USG) examinations to ascertain the NPC staging. The examination of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) DNA level is relatively simpler and inexpensive  to predict the NPC staging and prognosis, thus, it can speed up NPC treatment. Objective: To determine whether EBV DNA level can be used to predict the NPC  stage and prognosis by finding a correlation between EBV DNA level and NPC stage. Method: This was  a cross-sectional study involving 15 respondents who were diagnosed as WHO type 3 NPC, and examined by CT scan, abdominal ultrasound, chest X-ray,  and blood  test for measuring the levels of EBV DNA to determine the stage. Results: All respondents had elevated levels of EBV DNA in accordance with NPC stage elevation. Increased NPC stages were significantly correlated with elevated levels of EBV DNA (p=0.001). The size of tumor (T) was significantly correlated with EBV DNA (p=0.023), the size of nodule (N) was significantly correlated with EBV DNA (p=0.005).  The presence or absence of metastasis did not significantly correlate with EBV DNA (p=0.398). The EBV DNA cut off value was 952 copies/ml. Conclusions: There  was a significant correlation between EBV DNA levels and clinical stages, hence EBV DNA can be considered to be used as NPC staging and prognosis predictor.   

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