scholarly journals Effects of Communicable Diseases on Life Expectancy in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2329-2933
Author(s):  
Shariful Islam ◽  
Nazrul Islam Mondal ◽  
Rejaul Karim ◽  
Mohammad Rocky Khan Chowdhury ◽  
Aminur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Hbsag Prevalence ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
Children Under 5

Background: Life expectancy (LE) at birth is relatively poor in thelow- and lower-middle-income countries compared to the developed countries. There are many factors for this poor status of LE in these countries. Communicable disease in the human body is found to be one of the main causes. Aim: To determine the effects of communicable diseases on LE at birth in low- and lower-middle-income countries. Methods: Data of 82 low- and lower-middle-income countries were extracted from the World Health Statistics 2018. In this study, the dependent variable is LE at birth, and the communicable diseases such as new Human Immunodeficiency (HIV) infections, Tuberculosis (TB) incidences, Malaria incidences, and Hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence among children under 5 years are the independent variables. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and Linear regression model were used to examine the data. Results: The lowest (52.90 years) and highest (76.30 years) LE at birth were observed in Lesotho and Viet Nam, respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficients identified that new HIV infections, TB incidences, Malaria incidences, and HBsAg prevalence among children under 5 years are highly correlated with the LE at birth. The linear regression analysis reveals that all the selected variables are found to have significant negative effects on LE at birth in low and lowermiddleincome countries. Conclusions: The higher prevalence of communicable diseases contributes to reducing the LE at birth in low and lowermiddleincome countries. So, to raise the LE at birth of a country, the necessary steps should be taken to minimize the incidence and prevalence of communicable diseases. Keywords: Life expectancy; Communicable diseases;Low- and lower-middle-income countries

scholarly journals A comprehensive capacity assessment tool for non-communicable diseases in low- to middle-income countries: development and results of pilot testing

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Garcia de Quevedo ◽  
Felipe Lobelo ◽  
Loren Cadena ◽  
Madalena Soares ◽  
Michael Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Primary Care Services ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of death worldwide, with higher rates of premature mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This places a high economic burden on these countries, which usually have limited capacity to address this public health problem. We developed a guided self-assessment tool for describing national capacity for NCD prevention and control. The purpose of this tool was to assist countries in identifying key opportunities and gaps in NCD capacity. It was piloted in three countries between 2012 and 2013: Mozambique, Colombia, and the Dominican Republic. The tool includes details about NCD burden; health system infrastructure and primary care services; workforce capacity; surveillance; planning, policy, and program management; and partnerships. In the three pilot countries, the tool helped to identify differences in capacity needs pertaining to staff, training, and surveillance, but similarities were also found related to NCD challenges and opportunities. The NCD tool increased our understanding of needs and critical capacity elements for addressing NCDs in the three pilot countries. This tool can be used by other LMICs to map their efforts toward addressing NCD goals and defining priorities.

scholarly journals Advancing research on emergency care systems in low-income and middle-income countries: ensuring high-quality care delivery systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 6) ◽  
pp. e001265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel T Moresky ◽  
Junaid Razzak ◽  
Teri Reynolds ◽  
Lee A Wallis ◽  
Benjamin W Wachira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Care Research ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Emergency Care Systems ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Research Questions

Emergency care systems (ECS) address a wide range of acute conditions, including emergent conditions from communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, pregnancy and injury. Together, ECS represent an area of great potential for reducing morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). It is estimated that up to 54% of annual deaths in LMICs could be addressed by improved prehospital and facility-based emergency care. Research is needed to identify strategies for enhancing ECS to optimise prevention and treatment of conditions presenting in this context, yet significant gaps persist in defining critical research questions for ECS studies in LMICs. The Collaborative on Enhancing Emergency Care Research in LMICs seeks to promote research that improves immediate and long-term outcomes for clients and populations with emergent conditions. The objective of this paper is to describe systems approaches and research strategies for ECS in LMICs, elucidate priority research questions and methodology, and present a selection of studies addressing the operational, implementation, policy and health systems domains of health systems research as an approach to studying ECS. Finally, we briefly discuss limitations and the next steps in developing ECS-oriented interventions and research.

scholarly journals Multimorbidity of chronic non-communicable diseases and its models of care in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e033320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fantu Abebe Eyowas ◽  
Marguerite Schneider ◽  
Biksegn Asrat Yirdaw ◽  
Fentie Ambaw Getahun
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Multiple Chronic Conditions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Low And Middle Income

IntroductionMultimorbidity is the coexistence of two or more chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in a given individual. Multimorbidity is increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and challenging health systems. Individuals with multimorbidity are facing the risk of premature mortality, lower quality of life and greater use of healthcare services. However, despite the huge challenge multimorbidity brings in LMICs, gaps remain in mapping and synthesising the available knowledge on the issue. The focus of this scoping review will be to synthesise the extent, range and nature of studies on the epidemiology and models of multimorbidity care in LMICs.MethodsPubMed (MEDLINE) will be the main database to be searched. For articles that are not indexed in the PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Cochrane databases will be searched. Grey literature databases will also be explored. There will be no restrictions on study setting or year of publication. Articles will be searched using key terms, including comorbidity, co-morbidity, multimorbidity, multiple chronic conditions and model of care. Relevant articles will be screened by two independent reviewers and data will be charted accordingly. The result of this scoping review will be presented using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and reporting guideline.Ethics and disseminationThis scoping review does not require ethical approval. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific conferences.

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